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Articles 1 - 30 of 44
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A Simple Model To Estimate Atmospheric Concentrations Of Aerosol Chemical Species Based On Snow Core Chemistry At Summit, Greenland, M H. Bergin, C Davidson, Jack E. Dibb, J L. Jaffrezo, H D. Kuhns, S N. Pandis
A Simple Model To Estimate Atmospheric Concentrations Of Aerosol Chemical Species Based On Snow Core Chemistry At Summit, Greenland, M H. Bergin, C Davidson, Jack E. Dibb, J L. Jaffrezo, H D. Kuhns, S N. Pandis
Earth Sciences
A simple model is presented to estimate atmospheric concentrations of chemical species that exist primarily as aerosols based on snow core/ice core chemistry at Summit, Greenland. The model considers the processes of snow, fog, and dry deposition. The deposition parameters for each of the processes are estimated for SO42− and Ca2+ and are based on experiments conducted during the 1993 and 1994 summer field seasons. The seasonal mean atmospheric concentrations are estimated based on the deposition parameters and snow cores obtained during the field seasons. The ratios of the estimated seasonal mean airborne concentration divided by the …
Development Of An Orthogonal-Stripe Cdznte Gamma Radiation Imaging Spectrometer, John R. Macri, Boris A. Apotovsky, J F. Butler, M L. Cherry, Brian K. Dann, A Drake, F P. Doty, T G. Guzik, K Larson, M Mayer, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan
Development Of An Orthogonal-Stripe Cdznte Gamma Radiation Imaging Spectrometer, John R. Macri, Boris A. Apotovsky, J F. Butler, M L. Cherry, Brian K. Dann, A Drake, F P. Doty, T G. Guzik, K Larson, M Mayer, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan
Space Science Center
We report performance measurements of a sub-millimeter resolution CdZnTe strip detector developed as a prototype for astronomical instruments operating with good efficiency in the 30-300 keV photon energy range. The prototype is a 1.4 mm thick, 64×64 contact stripe CdZnTe array of 0.375 mm pitch in both dimensions. Pulse height spectra were recorded in orthogonal-stripe coincidence mode which demonstrate room-temperature energy resolution <10 keV (FWHM) for 122 keV photons with a peak-to-valley ratio >5:1. Good response is also demonstrated at higher energies using a coplanar grid readout configuration. Spatial resolution capabilities finer than the stripe pitch are demonstrated. We present the image of a 133Ba source viewed through a collimator …
Diel Variations Of H2o2 In Greenland: A Discussion Of The Cause And Effect Relationship, R Bales, Joe Mcconnell, Mark V. Losleben, Martha H. Conklin, Katrin Fuhrer, Albrecht Neftel, Jack E. Dibb, D W. Kahl, C Stearns
Diel Variations Of H2o2 In Greenland: A Discussion Of The Cause And Effect Relationship, R Bales, Joe Mcconnell, Mark V. Losleben, Martha H. Conklin, Katrin Fuhrer, Albrecht Neftel, Jack E. Dibb, D W. Kahl, C Stearns
Earth Sciences
Atmospheric hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) measurements at Summit, Greenland, in May–June, 1993 exhibited a diel variation, with afternoon highs typically 1–2 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) and nighttime lows about 0.5 ppbv lower. This variation closely followed that for temperature; specific humidity exhibited the same general trend. During a 17-day snowfall-free period, surface snow was accumulating H2O2, apparently from nighttime cocondensation of H2O and H2O2. Previous photochemical modeling (Neftel et al., 1995) suggests that daytime H2O2 should be about 1 ppbv, significantly lower …
Large-Area Submillimeter Resolution Cdznte Strip Detector For Astronomy, James M. Ryan, John R. Macri, Mark L. Mcconnell, Brian K. Dann, M L. Cherry, T G. Guzik, F P. Doty, Boris A. Apotovsky, J F. Butler
Large-Area Submillimeter Resolution Cdznte Strip Detector For Astronomy, James M. Ryan, John R. Macri, Mark L. Mcconnell, Brian K. Dann, M L. Cherry, T G. Guzik, F P. Doty, Boris A. Apotovsky, J F. Butler
Space Science Center
We report the first performance measurements of a sub-millimeter CdZnTe strip detector developed as a prototype for space-borne astronomical instruments. Strip detector arrays can be used to provide two-dimensional position resolution with fewer electronic channels than pixellated arrays. Arrays of this type and other candidate technologies are under investigation for the position-sensitive backplane detector for a coded-aperture telescope operating in the range of 30 - 300 keV. The prototype is a 1.4 mm thick, 64 multiplied by 64 stripe CdZnTe array of 0.375 mm pitch in both dimensions, approximately one square inch of sensitive area. Pulse height spectra in both …
Table Of Contents Volume Six, Number Four, Fall 1995, Risk Editorial Board
Table Of Contents Volume Six, Number Four, Fall 1995, Risk Editorial Board
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Table of contents for the journal RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (ISSN: 1073-8673)
The Contributions Of Snow, Fog, And Dry Deposition To The Summer Flux Of Anions And Cations At Summit, Greenland, M H. Bergin, J L. Jaffrezo, C Davidson, Jack E. Dibb, S N. Pandis, R Hillamo, W Maenhaut, H D. Kuhns, T Makela
The Contributions Of Snow, Fog, And Dry Deposition To The Summer Flux Of Anions And Cations At Summit, Greenland, M H. Bergin, J L. Jaffrezo, C Davidson, Jack E. Dibb, S N. Pandis, R Hillamo, W Maenhaut, H D. Kuhns, T Makela
Earth Sciences
Experiments were performed during the period May–July of 1993 at Summit, Greenland. Aerosol mass size distributions as well as daily average concentrations of several anionic and cationic species were measured. Dry deposition velocities for SO42− were estimated using surrogate surfaces (symmetric airfoils) as well as impactor data. Real-time concentrations of particles greater than 0.5 μm and greater than 0.01 μm were measured. Snow and fog samples from nearly all of the events occurring during the field season were collected. Filter sampler results indicate that SO42− is the dominant aerosol anion species, with Na+, NH …
Risk And Rapa On The Internet, Thomas G. Field Jr.
Risk And Rapa On The Internet, Thomas G. Field Jr.
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Editorial news item announcing new email addresses and electronic formats for back issues and indexes. Details on an upcoming conference entitled Promoting and Managing Genome Innovation scheduled to be held October 13-14, 1995 are also given.
Review Of: World Health Organization, Legislative Responses To Organ Transplantation, Lisah K. Carpenter
Review Of: World Health Organization, Legislative Responses To Organ Transplantation, Lisah K. Carpenter
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
No abstract provided.
Brown Fields, A Regional Incinerator And Resident Perception Of Neighborhood Quality, Michael Greenberg, Dona Schneider, Jim Parry
Brown Fields, A Regional Incinerator And Resident Perception Of Neighborhood Quality, Michael Greenberg, Dona Schneider, Jim Parry
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The authors discuss an extension of their research into residential perceptions of neighborhood quality as affected by urban blight. They believe that unwanted facilities may help deteriorate neighborhoods to the point where they are fit only for such uses.
The Role Of The Unconscious In The Perception Of Risks, Andrew F. Fritzsche
The Role Of The Unconscious In The Perception Of Risks, Andrew F. Fritzsche
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Dr. Fritzsche argues that our world is too "rational" and that the psychology of the unconscious, as developed by Jung, can be key to understanding responses to hazards and to resolving conflicts that arise in the political management of risks.
Table Of Contents Volume Six, Number Three, Summer 1995, Risk Editorial Board
Table Of Contents Volume Six, Number Three, Summer 1995, Risk Editorial Board
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Table of contents for the journal RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (ISSN: 1073-8673)
Ranking Risks, Baruch Fischhoff
Ranking Risks, Baruch Fischhoff
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Dr. Fischhoff considers the role of government in helping citizens manage risks. He then offers a general procedure for risk ranking and concludes by discussing what can be done with a list of risks.
Decision Analysis And Fda Drug Review: A Proposal For Shadow Advisory Committees, John M. Mendeloff
Decision Analysis And Fda Drug Review: A Proposal For Shadow Advisory Committees, John M. Mendeloff
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The FDA seems to acknowledge that sometimes different standards of proof for assessing drug efficacy should be used. Dr. Mendeloff thus proposes a methodology that might illuminate the FDA's decision-making and help better to assess its decisions.
Risk Analysis And Policy Association Announcement And Membership Application, Risk Editorial Board
Risk Analysis And Policy Association Announcement And Membership Application, Risk Editorial Board
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
An announcement from the editors of RISK about the formation of a new professional organization concerned with improving procedures for risk assessment and using this knowledge to develop public policy.
Present Risk, Future Risk Or No Risk - Measuring And Predicting Perceptions Of Health Risks Of A Hazardous Waste Landfill, William K. Hallman, Abraham H. Wandersman
Present Risk, Future Risk Or No Risk - Measuring And Predicting Perceptions Of Health Risks Of A Hazardous Waste Landfill, William K. Hallman, Abraham H. Wandersman
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Given that perceived risk is multidimensional, the authors seek better understanding by focusing on health risks and, more particularly, on their temporality. In this way, they attempt to measure more meaningfully psychological influences on risk perceptions.
The Black-Hole Candidate Gro J0422+32: Mev Emission Measured With Comptel., R Van Dijk, K Bennett, W Collmar, R Diehl, W Hermsen, G G. Lichti, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, V. Schonfelder, A W. Strong, J Van Paradijs, C Winkler
The Black-Hole Candidate Gro J0422+32: Mev Emission Measured With Comptel., R Van Dijk, K Bennett, W Collmar, R Diehl, W Hermsen, G G. Lichti, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, V. Schonfelder, A W. Strong, J Van Paradijs, C Winkler
Physics & Astronomy
On Aug. 5, 1992, BATSE detected the bright soft X-ray transient GRO J0422+32,also known as Nova Per 1992. The COMPTEL instrument (0.75-30MeV) aboard the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) observed this black-hole candidate twice. During the first observation, which started when the X-ray flux was at its maximum, GRO J0422+32 was detected between 1 and 2MeV. The flux in this energy range was higher than expected from an extrapolation of the standard Sunyaev-Titarchuk Comptonisation model fits to the contemporaneous OSSE and SIGMA data. We discuss several models that may explain the total hard-X/γ-ray spectrum, including the generalised Comptonisation model from Titarchuk. …
Global Perspective Of Nitrate Flux In Ice Cores, Qinzhao Yang, Paul A. Mayewski, Sallie I. Whitlow, Mark S. Twickler, Michael Morrison, R. Talbot, Jack E. Dibb, Ernst Linder
Global Perspective Of Nitrate Flux In Ice Cores, Qinzhao Yang, Paul A. Mayewski, Sallie I. Whitlow, Mark S. Twickler, Michael Morrison, R. Talbot, Jack E. Dibb, Ernst Linder
Earth Sciences
The relationships between the concentration and the flux of chemical species (Cl-, NO3 - , SO42-, Na +, K + , NH4 + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+) versus snow accumulation rate were examined at GISP2 and 20D in Greenland, Mount Logan from the St. Elias Range, Yukon Territory, Canada, and Sentik Glacier from the northwest end of the Zanskar Range in the Indian Himalayas. At all sites, only nitrate flux is significantly (a = 0.05) related to snow accumulation rate. Of all the chemical series, only nitrate concentration data are normally distributed. Therefore we suggest that nitrate concentration …
Table Of Contents Volume Six, Number Two, Spring 1995, Risk Editorial Board
Table Of Contents Volume Six, Number Two, Spring 1995, Risk Editorial Board
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Table of contents for the journal RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (ISSN: 1073-8673)
Which Scientist Do You Believe - Process Alternatives In Technological Controversies, Thomas G. Field Jr.
Which Scientist Do You Believe - Process Alternatives In Technological Controversies, Thomas G. Field Jr.
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Beyond introducing these papers, Professor Field argues that those designing processes for tasks originally contemplated by the Science Court proposal should closely consider, e.g., intervening experience with alternative dispute resolution.
The Separation Of Facts And Values, Arthur Kantrowitz
The Separation Of Facts And Values, Arthur Kantrowitz
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Dr. Kantrowitz maintains that much modern pessimism derives from failure to separate what is from what ought to be and urges that scientific conflicts be resolved as value neutrally as possible.
Coping With Phantom Risks In The Courts, Peter W. Huber
Coping With Phantom Risks In The Courts, Peter W. Huber
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Dr. Huber describes "phantom" risks as those tending to hover indefinitely, never to crystallize. He argues that legal procedures should optimally lead' to closure and eliminate unwarranted fears.
Evaluating The Expertise Of Experts, Kristin S. Shrader-Frechette
Evaluating The Expertise Of Experts, Kristin S. Shrader-Frechette
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Professor Shrader-Frechette maintains that a rigid distinction between risk assessment and risk management is unwise. Concerned about procedural fairness, she argues that the public should have a voice in both.
Resolving Medical Controversies, Itzhak Jacoby
Resolving Medical Controversies, Itzhak Jacoby
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Dr. Jacoby explains why emerging technologies must be evaluated expeditiously. He also argues that an approach closely following "Science Court" tenets would more uniformly guide practitioners and insurers.
Program - Which Scientist Do You Believe - Process Alternatives In Technological Controversies, Risk Editorial Board
Program - Which Scientist Do You Believe - Process Alternatives In Technological Controversies, Risk Editorial Board
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Program of events and list of registered attendees for the October 6, 1994 conference Which Scientist Do You Believe? Process Alternatives in Technological Controversies held in Concord, NH.
Resolving Technological Controversies In Regulatory Agencies, Sidney A. Shapiro
Resolving Technological Controversies In Regulatory Agencies, Sidney A. Shapiro
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Professor Shapiro notes that, e.g., advisory committees may increase technical accuracy at the price of delaying already slow rule making and urges Congress and the courts to provide agencies with broad procedural discretion.
Congressional Risk Proposals, Dalton G. Paxman
Congressional Risk Proposals, Dalton G. Paxman
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Dr. Paxman relates how an ambitious environmental agenda supported by the Administration and many members of the 103d Congress was ultimately derailed. He associates this with an apparently ever-growing interest in risk assessment.
Alternative Dispute Resolution In Patent Controversies, Norman L. Balmer
Alternative Dispute Resolution In Patent Controversies, Norman L. Balmer
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Mr. Balmer relates how ADR allows attorneys to tailor rules to resolve disputes in light of, e.g., party relationships and internal dynamics. He notes that, for life to go on, having resolution is itself an important goal.
The Regulatory Reform Recommendations Of The National Performance Review, Jeffrey S. Lubbers
The Regulatory Reform Recommendations Of The National Performance Review, Jeffrey S. Lubbers
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Of ten recommendations Mr. Lubbers discusses, several were of particular interest. These include encouraging consensus-based rule making and ADR in enforcement, as well as ranking risks and improving regulatory science.
Rapa And Risk, Dalton G. Paxman, Kristin S. Shrader-Frechette, Thomas G. Field Jr.
Rapa And Risk, Dalton G. Paxman, Kristin S. Shrader-Frechette, Thomas G. Field Jr.
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Short article prepared by members of the professional organization Risk Assessment & Policy Association (RAPA) describing the work that will be undertaken by the newly formed group.
Review Of: Dorothy J. Howell, Scientific Literacy And Environmental Policy- The Missing Prerequisite For Sound Decision Making (Quorum Books 1992), Diane M. Albert
Review Of: Dorothy J. Howell, Scientific Literacy And Environmental Policy- The Missing Prerequisite For Sound Decision Making (Quorum Books 1992), Diane M. Albert
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Review of: Dorothy J. Howell, Scientific Literacy and Environmental Policy- The Missing Prerequisite for Sound Decision Making (Quorum Books 1992). Acknowledgements, bibliography, epilogue, index, introduction. LC 91- 36028; ISBN 0-89930-616-0. [181 pp. Cloth $45.00. One Madison Ave., New York, NY 10010.1