Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Stabilization/Solidification Of Organic Containing Wastes Using Organophilic Clay And Coal Fly Ash, Edith Lagoutte

Theses

The relative merits of eight different coal fly ashes for use in the stabilization/Solidification of a waste containing both heavy metals and pentachlorophenol were investigated. Also studied, was the possible use of either untreated or treated (with hexade-cyl ammonium bromide) clay to enhance the stabilization of the organic. The sample composition was : 62% foundry baghouse dust (or 60% if 2% clay as added to the sample), 4.5% cement, 14% coal fly ash, 19.5% water. Pentachlorophenol was chosen as represen¬tative of the organic contamination. All tests were performed after curing the samples at 22°C, 98% Rh for 28 days. The …

Trends Of Eom, B(A)P, Sulfates, And Nitrates In Air-Borne Particulate Matter In Eleven Proximate Locations In New Jersey During 1988, Sathish Pushpala

Theses

Air-borne particulate matter was collected at eleven proximate locations in New Jersey during the year 1988. Particulate matter was extracted in cyclohexane and acetone to separate non-polar and polar components. Particulate matter was also analyzed for B(a)P, Sulfates and Nitrates.

This report presents the inter-site and intra-site variation of concentrations of pollutants between summer and winter seasons. Levels of B(a)P varied from 0.12 to 0.03 ng/M³ between urban and rural sites. During winter, B(a)P concentrations were 5 times more than summer. Concentrations of Cyc which represent mostly primary pollutants, were found 3 times lower in rural sites. Ace fractions …

Trends Of Metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Mn, Fe, Hg And Ni) Concentration In The New Jersey Air Environment, Shobha R. Boddu

Theses

The atmospheric concentrations and relative trends of ten trace elements (Co, Cd, Fe, Hg, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cr and Mn) were studied at Elizabeth and Carteret, New Jersey from July 1987 to September 1989. The specific sites are Industrial and Residential Interface areas. The analytical procedure involved collection of the airborne particulates on a quartz microfiber filter using a high volume sampler. The samples were digested and then analyzed using the atomic absorption spectrometer. Elizabeth usually showed lower values for the metals than Carteret. Average concentrations (ng/m3) for the respective metals over the entire project are: Metal: Co Cd …

Impacts Of Treated Municipal Waste-Waters On Development And Growth Of Hudson-Raritan Estuary Fishes, Chien-Min Chen

Theses

The Hudson—Raritan Estuary, known as one of the worst polluted estuaries in the world, receives pollutants from many point sources. Treated municipal wastewater (TMW) counts for 13% of its total freshwater input and more than 98% of the chemicals classified as priority pollutants been infused. Because of the complexity of the input, treatment facilities cannot remove toxicants efficiently. In addition, generation of new compounds by water treatment such as chlorination occurs. Batch-to-batch variability in the chemistry of this effluent was reflected in the early life stage toxicity bioassays using mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) embryos.

TMW has …

Biodegradation Of Polymers And Isolation And Crude Characterization Of Proteins From These Studies, Sunil S. Godbole

Theses

The performance of immobilized and free microorganisms in the biodegradation of polymers was investigated using a recirculation flow reactor and an air-sparged reactor respectively. The bio-oxidation ability of these microbes towards polyamide emulsion was studied.

Extracellular protein cuts isolated were checked for oxidative activity in a microassay reactor. These fractions were compared from various biodegradation studies.

Microassay tests and monitoring of the oxygen consumption in recirculation flow confirmed substrate dependent oxygen consumption, polyamide being provided as the sole carbon source. Increases in extracellular protein buildup were a positive indication of biodegradation.

The protein cut greater than 500,000 daltons was found …

The Oxidation Of Methylene Chloride Over Manganese Dioxide Catalyst, Jun Du

Theses

This research presents results from a study with the goal of using a transition metal oxidation catalyst, manganese dioxide (MnO₂) I to convert low concentrations of methylene chloride (CH₂Cl₂) in air and in a methane/air stream into CO₂, H₂O and HCl. Our objectives were to determine the oxidative effectiveness of the catalyst and its durability under the corrosive exposure to chlorine, HCl and other likely stack gas contaminants.

Experiments were carried out in a tubular packed bed integral reactor using gas chromatographic (FID and TCD) analysis for chlorocarbons and non-dispersive …

A Comparative Study Of Cadmium Uptake By Cells Of Gram-Positive And Gram-Negative Bacteria, Shubhangi Rajan Bhende

Theses

Cadmium uptake by cells of Gram-positive and Gram- negative bacteria was studied. Gram-positive and Gram- negative bacterial cells were separated from activated sludge collected from the Parsippany Troy Hills Water Pollution Control Plant (NJ) by isolating them on agar plates. These were grown separately and used for uptake experiments.

Gram-positive bacterial cells showed 17% more uptake of cadmium as compared to Gram-negative cells at 30°C and pH 6.6. More than 95% of the total cadmium removal from the solution was observed during first 5 min. of cell-metal contact time. In case of Gram-positive bacteria cadmium uptake decreased by 5-10% after …

Thermal Desorption Of Hazardous And Toxic Organic Compounds From Sand Matrices, Jaeil Kwon

Theses

Incineration processes are effective and sometimes efficient technologies for the remediation of contaminated solids which result in permanent destruction of most organic hazardous compounds. A less energy intensive, but more efficient process to remove contaminants from the soil is the application of heat and a flow of inert gas where the entire soil mass is not heated to incineration temperatures. This thermal treatment increases volatilization and often effects complete removal of organic compound depending on soil conditions and species volatility,

The goals of this research are to develop an understanding of the mass transport phenomena and adsorption thermodynamics that control …

X-Ray Powder Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy And Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy Studies Of Soil Containing Chromium Immobilized By Microwave Treatment, Nagui Ibrahim

Theses

The orientation of soil contaminants such as chromium is altered during microwave heating. The SEM and EDS were utilized in the study. The nature of the orientation is related to the heating time. This results in immobilizing the contaminant in leaching tests. The non-leachibility was related to the reactivity of the chromium salt with the soil hematite phase (Fe2O3) during the microwaving. This was proved By the X-ray diffraction analysis. The spectrums obtained from 30 and 60 minutes microwaved samples were identical in the crystal phases and were significantly different from the contaminated unheated sample.

Synthesis Of Strained Lactams And Study Of Their Energetics And Bonding, Jung-Chou Tsai

Theses

In order to measure nitrogen and oxygen ionization energies of planar and nonplanar lactams, four compounds were synthesized successfully. The comparison of these ionization energies provides a qualitative insight into how the charge distribution of strained lactams varies with molecular geometry. Of special interest was the different ability of amides to exhibit resonance, monitored most sensitively by the core electron energy of nitrogen in the compounds. The nitrogen core (1s) ionization energies for the two nonplanar amides, 1,3-di-tert-butyl aziridinone (405.00 ev) and 1-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2-one (405.47) each having pyramidal nitrogens, indicated a nitrogen more negative than that in the comparable planar amide. …

The Kinetics And Mechanism Of Photo-Oxidation Of Acrylonitrile And Acetonitrile With Hydrogen Peroxide And Ozone In Wastewater, Jung-Yuan Yeh

Theses

The study presents three types of Advanced Oxidation Processes , Ozone with UV, Ozone with Hydrogen Peroxide in the presence of UV, Various Hydrogen peroxide dosages and PH levels in the presence of UV.

A reaction kinetic model was proposed. The reaction rate constants and mass transfer coefficients are determined by a series of experiments and the use of the Rosenbrock Hillclimb Optimization Algorithm in conjuction with the Fourth ¬Order Runge - Kutta method on a digital computer.

Experimental results indicated that the Hydrogen peroxide with UV at low PH level has been proven more effective for the treatment of …

Studies Of Nitro-Pah On Ambient Air Particulate Matter, Yadan Wang Chen

Theses

A rapid, simple method for routine trace analysis of four isomeric nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAH) (1-nitropyrene, 2-nitropyrene, 2-nitrofluoranthene and 3-nitrofluoranthene) in ambient air particulate matter is described. Two types of air particle sample (TSP and IP10) were collected and particle extracts were prefractionated by thin layer chromatography and the appropriate zones of interest analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC with UV and fluorescence detection. The study of Zn/Si post-column reaction chamber and oxygen scrubber for catalytic reduction of target compounds is also described. Six nitro-PAH compounds were identified in TSP and five in IP10 air particle samples. The results of identification and …

Benzo(A)Pyrene Ingested From Composite Meals : Analysis And Method Development Related To Total Human Exposure, Che-Han Hsu

Theses

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons including benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) have been known for many years to be environmental carcinogen. Moreover, B(a)P has often been used as an indi¬cator for the carcinogenic potency of environmental matter. One of its exposure pathways, ingestion, may possibly be more important than other routes, conventionally studied such as inhalation. The purposes of this thesis are 1) to analyze the B(a)P concentrations in weekly composite and some daily meals obtained in the Total Human Exposure to Environmental Substances (THEES) study, 2) to develop techniques which can measure the levels of B(a)P in foods accurately and effici¬ently, 3) to compare …

Degradation Of Refractory Organic Pollutants In Tar, Water And Soil Matrices By Ozone Or Hydrogen Peroxide With Ultraviolet Light, Liang-Jiun Uang

Theses

The objective of this research is to develop a method to degrade refractory Tar materials, higher molecular weight 3-5 ring Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH's) or degrading these highly refractory PAH structures so that they are amenable to further treatment by biological or chemical methods. The process utilized to achieve this is to treat contaminated soils or tar materials with hydrogen peroxide or ozone plus ultraviolet light. Analysis of 27 specific PAH's was done by gas chromatograph (Flame Ionization Detection) for the reactants and products. The contaminated soil showed significantly lower levels of these PAH's after treatment.

Quantitative Determination Of Formaldehyde In Ambient Air, Wen-Shao Chou

Theses

Formaldehyde has been shown in the laboratory to play a critical role in the chemistry of polluted air. The method which we discuss in this paper was evaluated under practical field conditions in the Northern New Jersey Staten Island Urban Air Toxics Project. Formaldehyde in ambient air is concentrated and derived by passing a known quantity of air through a silica column impregnated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). The silica is eluted with acetonitrile and the concentration of formaldehyde is determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) with UV detection. A description of procedural details for coating silica cartridges with 2,4-DNPH acidified …