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Articles 1 - 30 of 43
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Identification Of Factors Contributing To Traffic Crashes By Analysis Of Text Narratives, Cristian D. Arteaga-Sanchez
Identification Of Factors Contributing To Traffic Crashes By Analysis Of Text Narratives, Cristian D. Arteaga-Sanchez
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The fatalities, injuries, and property damage that result from traffic crashes impose a significant burden on society. Current research and practice in traffic safety rely on analysis of quantitative data from crash reports to understand crash severity contributors and develop countermeasures. Despite advances from this effort, quantitative crash data suffers from drawbacks, such as the limited ability to capture all the information relevant to the crashes and the potential errors introduced during data collection. Crash narratives can help address these limitations, as they contain detailed descriptions of the context and sequence of events of the crash. However, the unstructured nature …
Age And Genesis Of W-Mo-Cu Mineralization, Gold Hill, Utah, Nathan J. Carey
Age And Genesis Of W-Mo-Cu Mineralization, Gold Hill, Utah, Nathan J. Carey
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Utah's Gold Hill mining district hosts a Jurassic felsic pluton (~80 km^2) that was emplaced into a Mississippian to Pennsylvanian carbonate-dominated sedimentary sequence and is spatially associated with numerous polymetallic mineral deposits. This study focuses on W-Mo-Cu mineralization at the Lucy L., Doctor, Yellow Hammer, Reaper, and Rustler deposits within the district. The new, detailed petrographic observations, mineral chemistry (on scheelite, molybdenite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, garnet, and pyroxene), and Re-Os molybdenite geochronological data presented here allows for the determination of key mineral associations and paragenesis, the characterization of deposit types and their evolution, and the constraining of the relative and absolute …
Hydrogeologic Heterogeneity Identification: Using Inverse Modeling Of Synthetic Borehole Temperatures To Predict Groundwater Flux, Kevin Heintz
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Heat has been effectively used as a groundwater tracer for decades, and high-resolution temperature data can better identify and quantify discrete flow zones. Refinements to the numerical modeling of advective heat transfer in borehole temperature sensing deployments can improve understanding of dynamic hydrogeologic systems. In my thesis, I develop a novel two-dimensional coupled radial groundwater flow and heat transfer numerical model that considers intra-borehole vertical flow. To test the performance of this model, I used finite element analysis to generate synthetic data sets consisting of prescribed variable flow fields and resulting borehole temperatures. I input synthetic temperatures into the two-dimensional …
Calcite Spherulite Formations And Their Controls In Halophilic Bacterial Cultures, Zakaria Jibrin
Calcite Spherulite Formations And Their Controls In Halophilic Bacterial Cultures, Zakaria Jibrin
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
This study arose from an accidental discovery of calcite spherulites forming on colonies of various halophilic bacteria grown on solid Luria-Bertani medium made containing water from a brine pool in Death Valley, their natural habitat. Further studies with a large spherulite forming bacteria, Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis, showed that calcite precipitation conditions were the consequence of bacteria using amino acids as a source of carbon and energy, a metabolism that produces NH3 and CO2 waste products. NH3 raises the pH of the medium, turning CO2 into CO32-. Calcium in the natural brine combines with CO32-. The resulting spherulitic calcite precipitation is nano-acicular …
Use Of Healthcare Utilization Records For Analyzing Trends In Clinical Toxoplasmosis: A Comparison Of Nevada And The United States, Elijah Kreutzer
Use Of Healthcare Utilization Records For Analyzing Trends In Clinical Toxoplasmosis: A Comparison Of Nevada And The United States, Elijah Kreutzer
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the parasitic protist Toxoplasma gondii, is a ubiquitous, global public health concern with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Surveillance for the disease is lacking even in developed countries, and what surveillance is present most often focuses on pregnant women. This research investigated trends in clinical toxoplasmosis in Nevada and nationally to address the lack of knowledge concerning how Nevada discharges compare to national discharges in cases of toxoplasmosis. Specifically, this research sought to determine what characterizes toxoplasmosis in Nevada across inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department settings, as well as how these cases differ …
Estimation Of The Parameters In A Mixture Of Two Normal Distributions And The Generalized Pivotal Quantity Method, Md Faruk Hossain
Estimation Of The Parameters In A Mixture Of Two Normal Distributions And The Generalized Pivotal Quantity Method, Md Faruk Hossain
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
A pivotal quantity is a random variable that is a function of both the random data and the unknown population parameters and whose probability distribution does not depend on any of the unknown parameters. The population parameters here may include nuisance parameters. Historically, pivotal quantities have been used for the construction of test statistics for hypothesis testing of some of these unknown parameters. They have also been used for the construction of confidence intervals for some of these parameters.Generalized pivotal quantities (GPQ) were introduced by Tsui and Weerahandi (1989) and Weerahandi (1993). A GPQ is a function, not only of …
Towards The Electronic Response Of Carbon-Based Van Der Waals Heterostructures In A Diamond Anvil Cell, George Thomas Foskaris
Towards The Electronic Response Of Carbon-Based Van Der Waals Heterostructures In A Diamond Anvil Cell, George Thomas Foskaris
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The nanoscale regime of materials has been at the forefront of research and interest in condensed matter physics for many years. In a merger of the fields of two-dimensional (2D) materials and high pressure physics, we present an investigation of the electronic response of carbon-based, van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). Combining these fields presents us with the ability to study the characteristics of such systems both optically, and through electrical transport. Properties such as conductance, band structure, and layer number are considered. The samples in this study are assembled using exfoliation and stacking techniques …
Transient Sources And How To Study Them: Selected Topics In Multi-Messenger Astronomy, Jiawei Luo
Transient Sources And How To Study Them: Selected Topics In Multi-Messenger Astronomy, Jiawei Luo
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The discovery of cosmic neutrino flux by IceCube, and the multi-messenger observations of gravitational event GW170817 ushered in the era of multi-messenger astronomy. Since the Universe itself is a natural laboratory, multi-messenger astronomy can help us study the most extreme physics processes in great detail. In this dissertation, we touch on some of the currently unanswered questions involving different types of transient sources and different “messengers” of multi-messenger astronomy. We employ a variety of analysis methods, including machine learning, a method that has not yet been widely adopted in astronomy but is rapidly gaining momentum.We start this dissertation with Chapter …
Along Strike Tectonic Evolution Of The Neogene Bermejo Foreland Basin And Eastern Precordillera Thrust Front, Argentina (30-32ºs), Zoey Catherine Plonka
Along Strike Tectonic Evolution Of The Neogene Bermejo Foreland Basin And Eastern Precordillera Thrust Front, Argentina (30-32ºs), Zoey Catherine Plonka
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The Bermejo retroarc foreland basin system formed in flexural response to Miocene crustal thickening in the Andean orogenic system, specifically, the eastward propagation of the Precordillera fold-thrust belt and the basement-involved uplift of the Sierras Pampeanas. Previous work in the area has mainly focused on the mechanisms and expression of flat slab subduction and the structural geometry of the basement-involved Sierras Pampeanas and east-vergent Precordillera fold-thrust belt at depth. Much of this work has furthered the understanding of Bermejo basin evolution north of 31ºS, however debate still exists whether the N-S trending Bermejo basin evolved synchronously or asynchronously through time. …
Mesozoic Sevier Thrusts Overprinted By Miocene-Quaternary Left-Lateral Deformation: Structures And Tectonism Of The Kane Springs Wash Region, Nevada, Andrew Reid
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Recognizing how rifts develop through space and time is vital to enrich our understanding of continental breakup. Rifts are commonly segmented by transfer or accommodations zones that form as the rift develops due to differences in the onset, direction, magnitude, or rates of extension on either side of the transfer or accommodation zone. The Basin and Range province is a wide rift where Cenozoic extension overprints and exposes earlier Mesozoic Sevier fold-thrust belt shortening structures. This exposure allows Sevier thrust correlations between individual mountain ranges and use of these shortening structures to study rift segmentation by strike-slip transfer faults. The …
Day ‘N’ Nite: Habitability Of Tidally Locked Planets With Sporadic Rotation, Cody James Shakespeare
Day ‘N’ Nite: Habitability Of Tidally Locked Planets With Sporadic Rotation, Cody James Shakespeare
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Tidally locked worlds provide a unique opportunity for constraining the climates of detected exoplanets. They are unique in that few exoplanet spin and obliquity states are known or will be determined in the near future. The TRAPPIST-1 exoplanet system has multiple habitable zone planets that, in the past, have been presumed to be tidally locked. However, a recent study shows the dynamical conditions present in the TRAPPIST-1 system make rotation and large librations possible spin states for these planets. I confirm the tendency for these planets to sporadically transition from tidally locked libration to slow rotation using N-body simulations independent …
Jiapi: A Type Checker Generator For Statically Typed Languages, Benjamin Cisneros Merino
Jiapi: A Type Checker Generator For Statically Typed Languages, Benjamin Cisneros Merino
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Type systems are a key characteristic in the context of the study of programming languages. They frequently offer a simple, intuitive way of expressing and testing the fundamental structure of programs. This is especially true when types are used to provide formal, machine-checked documentation for an implementation. For example, the absence of type errors in code prior to execution is what type systems for static programming languages are designed to assure, and in the literature, type systems that satisfy this requirement are referred to as sound type systems. Types also define module interfaces, making them essential for achieving and maintaining …
Quantifying The Effect Of Disturbance On Native Mojave Desert Shrubs, Tamara J. Wynne
Quantifying The Effect Of Disturbance On Native Mojave Desert Shrubs, Tamara J. Wynne
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Disturbance can come in many different forms. In our studies, we looked at the impact of a solar photovoltaic facility on native plants growing inside and outside of the facility, alteration in precipitation (simulated) on four native shrubs and the impact of applying supplemental water as a function of volume and frequency to establish native shrubs such as might occur at restoration sites. Disturbance is becoming a more common phenomenon in many ecosystems throughout the world, increasing the need for studies that quantify the impact at the plant and ecosystem level. Each research project revealed different plant responses, such as …
Real–Time Semantic Segmentation For Railway Anomalies Analysis, Paul Stanik Iii
Real–Time Semantic Segmentation For Railway Anomalies Analysis, Paul Stanik Iii
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
In the past few years, computer vision has made huge jumps due to deep learning which leverages increased computational power and access to data. The computer vision community has also embraced transparency to accelerate research progress by sharing open datasets and open source code. Access to large scale datasets and benchmark challenges propelled and opened the field. The autonomous vehicle community is a prime example. While there has been significant growth in the automotive vision community, not much has been done in the rail domain. Traditional rail inspection methods require special trains that are run during down time, have sensitive …
Display Applications For Grating Angle Magnification Accelerated Angular Scanners, Daniel Jesus Valdes
Display Applications For Grating Angle Magnification Accelerated Angular Scanners, Daniel Jesus Valdes
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
This work includes experimental demonstrations of grating angle magnification accelerated optical beam scanners. Diffraction grating scanners governed by the grating equation can have scan speed advantages over the flat mirror bound by Snell's law of reflection. Scan speed enhancement of 750% was achieved with a 635nm laser and 1800 groove/mm diffraction grating configuration thanks to the grating angle magnification. A three-color diffraction grating scanner shows identical results at larger scan angles. Tunable acceleration speed is a feature enabled by the diffraction grating scanner to operate in a high-speed scanning region and/or high-resolution scanning region depending on the demands of the …
What Can General Chemistry Students Learn From External Representations Of Acid- Base Titrations?, Nicole Baldwin
What Can General Chemistry Students Learn From External Representations Of Acid- Base Titrations?, Nicole Baldwin
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Laboratory activities are a prevalent and essential part of chemistry learning because of their potential to help students develop problem solving abilities, visualize chemistry concepts learned in lecture, and gain practical skills. However, learning in the laboratory environment is not without its challenges. For example, cookbook-style chemistry laboratories can promote superficial learning, and cognitive overload can result from the study of new concepts and the use of new procedures in this environment. Multiple pedagogies and supports have been developed to address challenges such as these. The current research focuses upon external representations that are commonly used to support learning in …
Trace Element Behaviors During Igneous Evolution And Hydrothermal Alteration Of An Evolved Rhyolite, The Blawn Formation, Wah Wah Mountains, Utah: Implications For Critical Metal Abundances In Highly Evolved Rhyolites, Drew William Barkoff
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
A-type rhyolites and granites often contain elevated concentrations of the rare earth elements (REE) and many other critical trace elements relative to I- and S-type rhyolites and granites. Their trace element-enriched nature makes them potentially prospective bulk tonnage, low-grade resources of the REE and many other critical trace elements, including Li, Be, Mo, Sn, and W, but little work has been performed to delineate their economic potential. The 22.1 Ma Red Beryl Rhyolite (RBR) and the 18.3 Ma Tetons Rhyolite (TR) units of the Blawn Formation represent two A-type rhyolite domes located in the southern Wah Wah Mountains of Utah. …
Retrospective Varying Coefficient Association Analysis Of Longitudinal Binary Traits, Gang Xu
Retrospective Varying Coefficient Association Analysis Of Longitudinal Binary Traits, Gang Xu
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Many genetic studies contain rich information on longitudinal phenotypes that require powerful analytical tools for optimal analysis. Genetic analysis of longitudinal data that incorporates temporal variation is important for understanding the genetic architecture and biological variation of complex diseases. Most of the existing methods assume that the contribution of genetic variants is constant over time and fails to capture the dynamic pattern of disease progression. However, the relative influence of genetic variants on complex traits fluctuates over time.We developed several tests to fill the gap of analyzing time-varying genetic effects in longitudinal GWAS for binary traits. First, we propose a …
Characterization Of The Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Single Injection Method Using T4 Polynucleotide Kinase As A Model System For Kinases, Rebecca Chaehee Lim
Characterization Of The Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Single Injection Method Using T4 Polynucleotide Kinase As A Model System For Kinases, Rebecca Chaehee Lim
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Kinases are an important class of enzymes involved in the regulation of different cellular processes. The dysfunctional activity, either hyperactivity or inactivity, of kinases has been associated with many types of diseases, making kinases a major therapeutic target. As of 2020, more than 80 kinase inhibitors have been FDA-approved and have revolutionized the treatment for progressive disorders such as cancers and Alzheimer's diseases. However, there is always the possibility of developing severe side effects or resistance to drugs so the search for new therapeutics must continue with efficiency and accuracy.Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is a state-of-the-art technique specialized in detecting …
The Metabolic Change Of Lipid Species In Stam Mice With Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Devin J. Peart
The Metabolic Change Of Lipid Species In Stam Mice With Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Devin J. Peart
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Primary liver cancer hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In the US, primary liver cancer is the most rapidly increasing type of cancer due to increases in hepatitis B and C and the continued trend of greater and greater percentages of the population suffering from obesity, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. The prognosis for this disease is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of 26% as compared to only 2% when the cancer is metastatic. Unfortunately, current strategies for early detection of HCC, including routine CT imaging or alpha-fetoprotein biomarker, are suboptimal and tend …
Polar Alignment Of Massive Retrograde Circumbinary Discs, Charles Abod
Polar Alignment Of Massive Retrograde Circumbinary Discs, Charles Abod
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
To understand the observed circumbinary planetary systems, we must first explain the dynamics of the circumbinary discs in which they formed. Observations of circumbinary discs show that misalignments to the binary orbital plane may be common. Here we investigate these systems by exploring the orbital dynamics of three-body systems and circumbinary discs. A test particle orbit around an eccentric binary has two stationary states in which there is no nodal precession: coplanar and polar. Nodal precession of a misaligned test particle orbit centres on one of these stationary states. A low mass circumbinary disc undergoes the same precession and moves …
Design And Fabrication Of An Apparatus For Tao High-Resolution Laser Spectroscopy, Timothy Chung
Design And Fabrication Of An Apparatus For Tao High-Resolution Laser Spectroscopy, Timothy Chung
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
In this study, an apparatus for the high-resolution laser spectroscopy of molecules is designed and constructed. The apparatus is used to identify TaO transitions, but may be used for any other molecular species in the future. It will also later be used for experiments such as quantum logic spectroscopy, which are enabled by attachable chambers that can be supplied with molecules from the apparatus. Several considerations are made to improve the quality and longevity of the apparatus such as regulating the rovibrational states of the produced molecules, optimizing the linewidth of the ionization lasers, reducing noise from sources such as …
Monte Carlo Simulation Of Thallium-Bromide Semiconductor Detector For Range Verification Of A Carbon Ion Radiotherapy Beam Through Prompt Gamma-Ray Detection, Peter Dimpfl
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Thallium-Bromide is a semiconductor material which is well suited for photon detection. Composed of high atomic number elements and a high mass density of 7.56 g/cm3, TlBr has superb photon stopping power. External beam radiation therapy is an ever-changing environment with technology rapidly improving. With proton therapy facilities becoming more widely available, and carbon ion facilities showcasing the benefits of carbon ion radiation therapy, there is an industry need toprovide accurate dosimetric treatment plans to verify patients are receiving proper care. Current clinical practices apply safety margins to clinical target volumes to safe treatment. Through research to improve detection techniques, …
Antler Foreland Basin Evolution Recorded In Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology, James Duncan
Antler Foreland Basin Evolution Recorded In Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology, James Duncan
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The Antler orogeny was a Devonian-Mississippian (375-320 Ma) mountain building event that occurred along the western Laurentian margin. The initiation of the Antler orogeny is marked by the emplacement of the Roberts Mountain Allochthon (RMA) that thrust Cambrian-Devonian deep water marine siliciclastic rocks 100 km eastward onto the western Laurentian margin. Shortening related to the Antler orogeny deformed RMA strata and caused a flexural response in the continental crust that resulted in the formation of the adjacent Antler Foreland basin. The paleogeographic history of the RMA strata and tectonic drivers for the Antler orogeny are still debated. Proposed models suggest …
Dissolution And Electrochemical Recovery Of Uo2, Uo3, And U3o8 In Ionic Liquids, Katherine Iolani Thornock Luebke
Dissolution And Electrochemical Recovery Of Uo2, Uo3, And U3o8 In Ionic Liquids, Katherine Iolani Thornock Luebke
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
This research explores a novel method of increasing the solubility of uranium oxides and other actinide oxides in room temperature ionic liquids (IL) using direct dissolution. The goal is to further expand our knowledge of actinide dissolution and possible nuclear fuel cycle material applications using ionic liquids. The novelty of the methods is focused on the use of oxidizing gas generated using air passed through an ozone generator. While examples of dissolution exist in IL using acidic functionalized ionic liquids, the solubility of all possible oxide species was not demonstrated. Also, the addition of aqueous acid to IL containing actinide …
Source And Parental Melts Of Poikilitic Shergottites: Implications For Martian Magmatism, Evan W. O'Neal
Source And Parental Melts Of Poikilitic Shergottites: Implications For Martian Magmatism, Evan W. O'Neal
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Martian poikilitic shergottite meteorites are cumulate rocks that can be used to understand melt evolution on Mars from the bottom of the crust (~10 kbar) all the way up to near-surface shallow depths (~1 kbar). There is a general lack of knowledge regarding shergottites including, parental magma compositions, crystallization ages, and the location of the enriched geochemical source of the shergottites in the martian mantle. Through a comprehensive petrographic and geochemical study, we have attempted to better understand poikilitic shergottite formation and the evolution of the martian interior during the Amazonian period (~3 Ga – present day). We studied a …
Hyperspectral Image Analysis Of Food For Nutritional Intake, Shirin Nasr Esfahani
Hyperspectral Image Analysis Of Food For Nutritional Intake, Shirin Nasr Esfahani
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The primary object of this dissertation is to investigate the application of hyperspectral technology to accommodate for the growing demand in the automatic dietary assessment applications. Food intake is one of the main factors that contribute to human health. In other words, it is necessary to get information about the amount of nutrition and vitamins that a human body requires through a daily diet. Manual dietary assessments are time-consuming and are also not precise enough, especially when the information is used for the care and treatment of hospitalized patients. Moreover, the data must be analyzed by nutritional experts. Therefore, researchers …
Reachability And Turn Constraint Paths, Sabrina Wallace
Reachability And Turn Constraint Paths, Sabrina Wallace
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Problems dealing with the development of efficient algorithms for constructing collision-free paths have been explored extensively. We review existing algorithms for constructing collision-free paths under turn-angle constraints. We examine the problem of computing collision-free paths in the presence of polygonal obstacles. We present an algorithm for identifying the placement of a source vertex so that the maximum number of obstacle vertices can be reached via the shortest path tree under turn-angle requirements. We also present some experimental results on the construction of collision-free paths in the presence of polygonal obstacles.
Some Graph Laplacians And Variational Methods Applied To Partial Differential Equations On Graphs, Daniel Anthony Corral
Some Graph Laplacians And Variational Methods Applied To Partial Differential Equations On Graphs, Daniel Anthony Corral
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
In this dissertation we will be examining partial differential equations on graphs. We start by presenting some basic graph theory topics and graph Laplacians with some minor original results. We move on to computing original Jost graph Laplacians of friendly labelings of various finite graphs. We then continue on to a host of original variational problems on a finite graph. The first variational problem is an original basic minimization problem. Next, we use the Lagrange multiplier approach to the Kazdan-Warner equation on a finite graph, our original results generalize those of Dr. Grigor’yan, Dr. Yang, and Dr. Lin. Then we …
Physics Of Electromagnetic Counterparts Of Binary-Neutron-Star Mergers, Shunke Ai
Physics Of Electromagnetic Counterparts Of Binary-Neutron-Star Mergers, Shunke Ai
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Binary neutron star (BNS) mergers are supposed to be the sources of a variety of astrophysical transients, including both gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) signals. The types and properties of the post-merger central product contain crucial information for many unsolved physical problems. Since the current GW detectors are not sensitive enough in kHz, only GWs from the inspiral phase can be detected, so that one cannot directly study the central products from GWs. EM signals can serve as probes to infer the type and properties of the central product. When a long-lived neutron star (NS) is formed after the …