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The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

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Gigapan® Photogrammetry For Outcrop Description, 3d Modeling, And 3d Printing, Preston Liles, Logan Pearson, Samantha Barnett, Dakota G. Simpson, David B. Fitzpatrick, Erik B. Larson, Maurice Testa Jun 2022

Gigapan® Photogrammetry For Outcrop Description, 3d Modeling, And 3d Printing, Preston Liles, Logan Pearson, Samantha Barnett, Dakota G. Simpson, David B. Fitzpatrick, Erik B. Larson, Maurice Testa

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

The collection of 3D information on geological media is fundamental for field geology, however it can be both time consuming and expensive. This report proposes a new method for the collection of 3D information of outcrops using simple to use and inexpensive technology. GigaPan® systems can be used to take high resolution images of outcrops and these images then be either left in 2D for additional description of the outcrop in the lab, or they can be processed in Autodesk 3ds Max® to create realistic 3D models of the outcrops which can then be 3D printed. The collection of this …


Bathymetry Based Modeling Of Subaxial Magma Flows Under The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 0 To 30° N, Adam R. Tjoelker, Neil Van Kanegan, Simon Detmer, C. Renee Sparks Jun 2022

Bathymetry Based Modeling Of Subaxial Magma Flows Under The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 0 To 30° N, Adam R. Tjoelker, Neil Van Kanegan, Simon Detmer, C. Renee Sparks

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

Fracture patterns of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) provide evidence of tectonic forces related to divergence and magma upwelling at the ridge axis. In this study, we focus on the MAR from 0 to 30° N, where the N-S ridge exhibits slow spreading rates (2-4 cm/yr) and pronounced axial topography. Ridge segments and transform faults identified in bathymetry data were analyzed for strike orientation and axial depth profiles. Azimuths of transform faults and ridge segments exhibit increasing clockwise rotation with latitude, and all have left lateral displacement. Bathymetric sampling along ridge segments occurred at 9 km intervals with 20 km sampling …


Evaluation Of Measurement Data Across Eight Gis Basemaps Using Drumlins: Combining Basemaps Is Optimal, Gretchen A. Wambach, Alexander K. Stewart Jun 2022

Evaluation Of Measurement Data Across Eight Gis Basemaps Using Drumlins: Combining Basemaps Is Optimal, Gretchen A. Wambach, Alexander K. Stewart

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

Choosing the best basemap for landform data collection and analysis is fundamental for accurate measurements and usability. Different types of basemaps may affect how we perceive relief through a map (Phillips et al., 1975); thereby, affecting the precision of data collected. This project collected length and azimuth data of 60 drumlins in Western, NY from four different, ArcGIS online (AGOL)-provided basemaps, as well as two parallel-to-strike and two perpendicular-to-strike hillshades (n=4). Testing the mean length (1,662m, ±529) and azimuth (171°, ±0.3) data for uniformity across basemaps determined if any basemap is more or less reliable for data collection. The Terrain …


Sand Microtextures As Indicators Of Depositional Environment – A Comparison Of Fluvial, Marine And Aeolian Sediments, Brian Hanson, Diane M. Burns Jun 2022

Sand Microtextures As Indicators Of Depositional Environment – A Comparison Of Fluvial, Marine And Aeolian Sediments, Brian Hanson, Diane M. Burns

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) has been used to examine sediment surfaces since the late 1960’s. More recently, results of SEM analyses of grains have been used to link depositional environments and modes of transport for sediments and sandstones (Krinsely and Trusty, 1986; Mahaney and Kalm 2000; Mahaney et al., 2001). This technique has been considered to be a viable, though time consuming, option for researchers interpreting depositional environments. V-pits are a microfeature which is claimed to indicate a littoral deposition environment (Krinsley and Trusty, 1986; Middleton and Kassera, 1987), while others claim it is a result of fluvial processes …


Geology In And Around Charleston, Il: Rocky Branch Conservation Area & Charleston Quarry Field Trip, Diane M. Burns Oct 2021

Geology In And Around Charleston, Il: Rocky Branch Conservation Area & Charleston Quarry Field Trip, Diane M. Burns

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

A field trip guide for Rocky Branch Conservation area and Charleston Quarry, in and around Charleston, Illinois. This field trip occurred during the 44th Biennial Convention at Charleston, IL on September 23rd, 2017.


44th Biennial Convention Of Sigma Gamma Epsilon Eastern Illinois University: Charleston, Illinois September 22 – 24, 2017, James Walters, Paula Even Oct 2021

44th Biennial Convention Of Sigma Gamma Epsilon Eastern Illinois University: Charleston, Illinois September 22 – 24, 2017, James Walters, Paula Even

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

The 44th Biennial Convention of Sigma Gamma Epsilon, the national honor society in the Earth Sciences, was held September 22 through 24, 2017 on the campus of Eastern Illinois University (EIU). The meeting was hosted by Gamma Chi Chapter of SGE in the Department of Geology/Geography. As part of the meeting, a local field trip to investigate the area’s geology was led by Dr. Diane Burns, Chair of the Geology/Geography Department at EIU. This report summarizes the Convention and includes information on the deliberations and actions of the attendees.


45th Biennial Convention Of Sigma Gamma Epsilon Virtual Meeting Hosted By Eastern Illinois University April 10, 2021, James Walters, Paula Even Oct 2021

45th Biennial Convention Of Sigma Gamma Epsilon Virtual Meeting Hosted By Eastern Illinois University April 10, 2021, James Walters, Paula Even

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

The 45th Biennial Convention of Sigma Gamma Epsilon, the national honor society in the Earth Sciences, was originally scheduled for April 3 – 5, 2020 at The University of Tennessee at Martin, but it was postponed until April 10, 2021 due to the Coronavirus pandemic. Since COVID-19 was still a serious issue this spring, the SGE National Council decided to conduct this meeting in a virtual format using the Zoom platform. The meeting was hosted by SGE Gamma Chi Chapter in the Department of Geology/Geography at Eastern Illinois University and presided over by Dr. Diane Burns, Chair of the Department …


Characterization Of Surface Geology And Hydrogeology In The Upper Ulua River Basin, Honduras, C. Renee Sparks, Issac J. Jacques, Cheryl L. Verbree, Thomas J. Timmermans, Stuart Dykstra May 2021

Characterization Of Surface Geology And Hydrogeology In The Upper Ulua River Basin, Honduras, C. Renee Sparks, Issac J. Jacques, Cheryl L. Verbree, Thomas J. Timmermans, Stuart Dykstra

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

This research includes a hydrogeologic assessment in and around La Union, Honduras to determine the contribution of groundwater to the surface water system and understand the geological control of groundwater storage and movement. Field methods were employed and focused on spring characterization, geochemical signatures, and structural data. Field data was gathered, and locations determined using cellular-integrated GPS signal and the Fulcrum mapping software mobile application. During the summer of 2017, data on 111 geologic points and 34 water points were collected to understand the hydrogeology of the region. Streams and springs were monitored for pH, flow characteristics and conductance as …


Resolving A One-Year Ecesis Interval For Alaska Paper Birch: Dating A Rockfall Event, Wishbone Hill, Southcentral Alaska, Riley E. Whitney, Alexander K. Stewart, Trent D. Hubbard, Anabella S. Kowalski, Oscar A. Wilkerson May 2021

Resolving A One-Year Ecesis Interval For Alaska Paper Birch: Dating A Rockfall Event, Wishbone Hill, Southcentral Alaska, Riley E. Whitney, Alexander K. Stewart, Trent D. Hubbard, Anabella S. Kowalski, Oscar A. Wilkerson

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

Numerous large boulders at the base of Wishbone Hill, northeast of Anchorage, Alaska, suggest a historic rockfall event and potential for future surface instability, putting lives and property at risk. The source of the rockfall-boulders is an exposed syncline with a cliff face composed of conglomerate. The age of trees growing atop boulders provides a minimum exposure-age of those boulders and, thus, the rockfall event. To determine when the rockfall occurred, we dated trees growing atop the boulders using tree-ring samples collected from 30 Alaska paper birch trees. After mounting and polishing, each tree-ring sample was dot-counted, and tree-ring widths …


Using Gis To Create Hazard Maps And Assess Evacuation Routes Around “The Gate To Hell”; Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua, Rebecca Hedges, Stevie Mcdermaid, Jason Kaiser, David Maxwell, Kathy Matthews May 2021

Using Gis To Create Hazard Maps And Assess Evacuation Routes Around “The Gate To Hell”; Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua, Rebecca Hedges, Stevie Mcdermaid, Jason Kaiser, David Maxwell, Kathy Matthews

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

Volcán Masaya in Nicaragua is made of a series of calderas and craters that lies 7 km from the city of Masaya with a population of over 100,000. Masaya is part of the Central American Volcanic Arc (CAVA) which contains hundreds of volcanoes. While many of the volcanoes of the arc produce small, quiescent eruptions, some are capable of large explosive events. The recent cycle of volcanism at Masaya began 7000 years ago. Initial eruptions were primarily lava, small ash flows, ashfalls, and degassing events which eventually gave way to climactic Vulcanian eruptions. The hazards presented from this system affect …


Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Tracks From The Iron Springs Formation, Iron County, Utah, Jennifer K. Crowell, Grant T. Shimer May 2021

Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Tracks From The Iron Springs Formation, Iron County, Utah, Jennifer K. Crowell, Grant T. Shimer

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

Located in Iron County, Utah, the Parowan Gap dinosaur track site contains over one hundred natural casts of non-avian dinosaur tracks preserved in sandstones and siltstones of the Late Cretaceous (≈83 Ma) Iron Springs Formation. For this study, the authors returned to the area to survey for and describe previously unidentified tracks. Many tracks from this new study occur as in situ casts found on the basal surfaces of sandstones deposited by braided and meandering rivers on the coastal plain of the Western Interior Seaway, with some specimens from fallen talus blocks. Over the course of two years, the research …


Sge In The News, Alexandra Kirsch Sep 2019

Sge In The News, Alexandra Kirsch

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

No abstract provided.


Earthquake-Rotated Headstones As A Means Of Re-Evaluating Epicentral Location Of The 1944 Massena-Cornwall Earthquake: New York, United States And Ontario, Canada, Sandra L. Walser, Alexander K. Stewart Sep 2019

Earthquake-Rotated Headstones As A Means Of Re-Evaluating Epicentral Location Of The 1944 Massena-Cornwall Earthquake: New York, United States And Ontario, Canada, Sandra L. Walser, Alexander K. Stewart

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

The Massena-Cornwall earthquake (September 5th, 1944) is the largest earthquake in New York state history. Two epicenters have been previously proposed (Milne, 1949; Dewey and Gordon, 1984); however, they are separated by 15 km, an error that could associate each proposed epicenter with two different local faults. Due to the lack of standardized seismic-array data, there is value in approaching this event using an unconventional data set. The methodology of MacDonald and Wentworth (1952) was executed through ArcMap 10.5.1 to yield an area most likely to contain the epicenter. One-hundred fifty-four earthquake-rotated headstones from 15 cemeteries within ~35 km of …


Orientation Of Paleostress Of Raplee Ridge Anticline, Loren Randall Holyoak, John S. Maclean Sep 2019

Orientation Of Paleostress Of Raplee Ridge Anticline, Loren Randall Holyoak, John S. Maclean

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

During the Laramide Orogeny several major folds were formed in Southern Utah, one of those being the Raplee Ridge anticline. Raplee Ridge is approximately eight miles from Mexican Hat, Utah. The San Juan River cuts through the anticline, exposing the Honaker Trail Formation’s beds of shale and limestone with chert nodules. Accompanying the mountain-scale ductile deformation of the Raplee Ridge anticline are decimeter-scale brittle conjugate fractures in the limestone’s chert nodules. The objective of this study is to compare the orientation of paleostress that formed the Raplee Ridge anticline with the conjugate fractures within the chert nodules to see if …


Sigma Gamma Epsilon Student Research Poster Session, Geological Society Of America Meeting 2017, Seattle, Washington, Usa, Paula Even Apr 2018

Sigma Gamma Epsilon Student Research Poster Session, Geological Society Of America Meeting 2017, Seattle, Washington, Usa, Paula Even

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

The Sigma Gamma Epsilon, an academic honor society for students of the Earth Sciences, is an important tradition at GSA annual meetings. Sigma Gamma Epsilon's goal in sponsoring this session is to provide a student-friendly forum for young researchers to present on undergraduate research; this session has seen increasing interest and participation over the years. The session is open to students (regardless of membership in Sigma Gamma Epsilon) and faculty co-authors working in any area of the geosciences. Those posters authored by student members in good standing of active chapters of Sigma Gamma Epsilon will be judged for two (2) …


Sigma Gamma Epsilon - News And Information, Tyler Kee, Erin P. Argyilan, James Berglund Apr 2018

Sigma Gamma Epsilon - News And Information, Tyler Kee, Erin P. Argyilan, James Berglund

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

No abstract provided.


Concentration Of Metals Associated With The Native Copper Deposits Of Northern Michigan, Daniel R. Blakemore, C. Renee Sparks, Nathaniel H. Bos Apr 2017

Concentration Of Metals Associated With The Native Copper Deposits Of Northern Michigan, Daniel R. Blakemore, C. Renee Sparks, Nathaniel H. Bos

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

The Keweenaw Peninsula of northern Michigan is home to the largest accumulation of native copper in the world. Native copper deposits are hosted in the 1.1 billion-year old midcontinent rift which extends from Kansas, up through Lake Superior, around into lower Michigan, but is only exposed in the Keweenaw region. Native copper is found in the vesicular and brecciated flow tops of the volcanism associated with this rift, within the interflow conglomerate that developed in-between individual flows, and also minor native copper deposits are found with the copper sulfide deposits in the Nonesuch Shale. The purpose of this study was …


Sigma Gamma Epsilon Student Research Poster Session, Geological Society Of America Meeting 2016, Denver, Colorado, Usa, Paula Even Nov 2016

Sigma Gamma Epsilon Student Research Poster Session, Geological Society Of America Meeting 2016, Denver, Colorado, Usa, Paula Even

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

The 2016 Sigma Gamma Epsilon Undergraduate Research (Poster Session) took place during the 2016, Geological Society of America annual meeting in Denver, Colorado on Tuesday, 27 September 2016: 9:00 AM-6:30 PM. The National Council of Sigma Gamma Epsilon awarded the Austin A. Sartin Best Poster Award to Alexa Harrison and Nicholas Schrecongost from Radford University. Jessica Robinson and Allison D. Jones, students at University of Pacific, were awarded the National Council’s Best Poster Award.


Sigma Gamma Epsilon 2016 Quality Chapter Awards, Paula Even Nov 2016

Sigma Gamma Epsilon 2016 Quality Chapter Awards, Paula Even

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

Three Chapters received 2016 Sigma Gamma Epsilon Quality Chapter Awards. This award was established in 2010 to recognize chapters for achieving excellence by providing a quality program to its members. The qualifying criteria for the award are listed and the recipient chapters are noted.


Sigma Gamma Epsilon 2016 W.A. Tarr Awards, Paula Even Nov 2016

Sigma Gamma Epsilon 2016 W.A. Tarr Awards, Paula Even

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

The W. A. Tarr Award was established in March of 1949, to distinguish exceptional students in the Earth sciences. Thirty-one individuals received the Tarr Award during the 2015-2016 academic year. A brief history of the W.A. Tarr Award and the qualifying criteria for the award are provided.


Monitoring The Alteration And Natural Recovery Of A Monsoon-Dominated Stream System After A Wild Fire Disturbs Its Watershed, Stout Canyon, Utah, Peter D. Christensen, Jennifer E. Hargrave Apr 2016

Monitoring The Alteration And Natural Recovery Of A Monsoon-Dominated Stream System After A Wild Fire Disturbs Its Watershed, Stout Canyon, Utah, Peter D. Christensen, Jennifer E. Hargrave

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

The alteration of a stream’s morphology and recovery following a watershed fire is well documented in streams where high flow events occur during spring runoff. However, there are very little data regarding the alteration and natural recovery of streams that have high flow events during the late summer monsoon rains. Stout Canyon, a tributary to the East Fork of the Virgin River, is located approximately 30 miles southeast of Cedar City, Utah, and is a monsoon-dominated stream system whose watershed was burned by the Shingle Fire of 2012. Employees of the Dixie National Forest have monitored Stout Canyon since 2002, …


Eta Epsilon Chapter Spring Initiation, 2016, Sarah Zdanowski Apr 2016

Eta Epsilon Chapter Spring Initiation, 2016, Sarah Zdanowski

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

Report on the spring 2016, initiation for the Eta Epsilon chapter of Sigma Gamma Epsilon at Southern Utah University.


Swimming Reptile Tracks In The Lower Triassic Moenkopi Formation, Capitol Reef National Park, Ut, Larry E. Davis, Robert L. Eves Apr 2016

Swimming Reptile Tracks In The Lower Triassic Moenkopi Formation, Capitol Reef National Park, Ut, Larry E. Davis, Robert L. Eves

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

Abundant pre-dinosaurian tetrapod tracks, ichnofossil Chirotherium, have been found in the Moenkopi Formation. Swimming reptile tracks are found in the Torrey Member of the Moenkopi Formation in Capitol Reef National Park near Torrey, Utah. The tracks are preserved in a fine-grained sandstone deposited on a flat-lying coastal plain.


Coal Clinker Site In The Late Cretaceous Blackhawk Formation, Castle Gate, Utah, Usa, Robert L. Eves, Larry E. Davis Jan 2016

Coal Clinker Site In The Late Cretaceous Blackhawk Formation, Castle Gate, Utah, Usa, Robert L. Eves, Larry E. Davis

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

When sedimentary host rock is heated as a result of coal seam fires, the host rock is pyro-metamorphosed (high temperature/ low pressure) resulting in the formation of paralava, a low-grade metamorphic rock formed adjacent to coal seams. This paper describes an outcrop locality of clinker (paralava) in the Upper Cretaceous Blackhawk Formation within the Book Cliffs coalfields of central Utah, which formed as the result of a coal seam fire.


Field And Petrographic Analysis Of The Indian Peak-Caliente Caldera Complex At Condor And English Canyons In Eastern Nevada, Brennan Brunsvik, Chesley Gale, Mackenzie Cope, Jack Petersen, Sarah Zdanowski, Chapman White, Westan Robertson, Kate Kupfer, Spencer Mcconkie, Stevie Mcdermaid, Austin Bruckner, Jeff C.E. Yon, Jason Kaiser, John S. Maclean Jan 2016

Field And Petrographic Analysis Of The Indian Peak-Caliente Caldera Complex At Condor And English Canyons In Eastern Nevada, Brennan Brunsvik, Chesley Gale, Mackenzie Cope, Jack Petersen, Sarah Zdanowski, Chapman White, Westan Robertson, Kate Kupfer, Spencer Mcconkie, Stevie Mcdermaid, Austin Bruckner, Jeff C.E. Yon, Jason Kaiser, John S. Maclean

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

The Indian Peak-Caliente Caldera Complex, or IPCCC, is an ideal site to study how large-scale tectonic forces can influence mineralogy on a local scale. This research was completed and compiled by the Tectonics and Mineralogy classes at Southern Utah University during a joint class field study and subsequent laboratory analyses. During the field trip, the main focuses were to observe caldera collapse relationships and ignimbrite features and to collect samples at Condor Canyon and English Canyon, two sites near the border between Nevada and Utah within the IPCCC. After the field trip, the Tectonics class completed a detailed literature review …


Sigma Gamma Epsilon Student Research Poster Session, Geological Society Of America Meeting 2015, Baltimore, Maryland, Usa, Paula Even Jan 2016

Sigma Gamma Epsilon Student Research Poster Session, Geological Society Of America Meeting 2015, Baltimore, Maryland, Usa, Paula Even

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

The 2015 Sigma Gamma Epsilon Undergraduate Research (Poster Session) took place during the 2015 Geological Society of America annual meeting in Baltimore, Maryland on Tuesday, 3 November 2015. One hundred-one (101) posters were presented at the SGE poster session. The National Council of Sigma Gamma Epsilon awarded the Austin A. Sartin Best Poster Award to Kayleigh M. Harvey and Carrie A. Menold, students at Albion College. Kate C. Grisi and Michael Cl Rygel, students at State University of New York, College at Potsdam, were awarded the National Council’s Best Poster Award.


History Of Sigma Gamma Epsilon Honorary Society For Earth Scientists, The Second Twenty-Five Years, 1941-1965, Patricia L. Daniel Dec 2015

History Of Sigma Gamma Epsilon Honorary Society For Earth Scientists, The Second Twenty-Five Years, 1941-1965, Patricia L. Daniel

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

No abstract provided.


Sigma Gamma Epsilon In Recent Years, Paula F. Even Dec 2015

Sigma Gamma Epsilon In Recent Years, Paula F. Even

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

Patricia L. Daniel covered the first 50 years of Sigma Gamma Epsilon’s existence in The History of Sigma Gamma Epsilon, The First Twenty-Five Years, 1915-1940 and The History of Sigma Gamma Epsilon, The Second Twenty-Five Years, 1941-1965 (Daniel, 1966a, b). Richard L. Ford’s Major Milestones in the Development of Sigma Gamma Epsilon's Core Traditions (Ford, 2012) noted the significant highlights of the Society up until recent times. This article updates the recent noteworthy events of the organization to complete the 100 year history of Sigma Gamma Epsilon. New chapters, recent conventions, the development of two new chapter awards in addition …


Major Milestones In The Development Of Sigma Gamma Epsilon's Core Traditions, Richard L. Ford Dec 2015

Major Milestones In The Development Of Sigma Gamma Epsilon's Core Traditions, Richard L. Ford

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

No abstract provided.


Foreword To The Special Centennial Publication Of The Compass, James C. Walters Dec 2015

Foreword To The Special Centennial Publication Of The Compass, James C. Walters

The Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon

No abstract provided.