Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Inoculant Effects On Ensiling And In Vitro Gas Production In Lucerne Silage, R. E. Muck, I. Filya, F. E. Contreras-Govea

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Inoculants are the most common additives used in making silage. While inoculant effects on fermentation and dry matter (DM) recovery are understood, animal performance effects are often greater than expected. In vitro analyses may help uncover how inoculants affect rumen fermentation and ultimately dairy cattle performance. Our objective was to study how inoculation of lucerne silage affected in vitro gas production.

In Vitro Gas Production And Bacterial Biomass Estimation For Lucerne Silage Inoculated With One Of Three Lactic Acid Bacterial Inoculants, F. E. Contreras-Govea, R. E. Muck, I. Filya, D. R. Mertens, P. J. Weimer

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Silages inoculated with microbial inoculants frequently have a lower pH than non-inoculated crops. Less often inoculated crops have a positive effect on milk production (Weinberg & Muck, 1996). One hypothesis is that bacterial inoculants produce a probiotic effect that could enhance animal performance (Weinberg & Muck, 1996). Our objective was to use the method of Blümmel et al. (1997) to study differences in in vitro fermentation among lucerne silages inoculated with three microbial inoculants.

Implications For N Transformations In Acidic Soils Of Replacing Annual-Based Legume Pastures With Lucerne-Based Pasture In Dryland Farming Systems Of Southern Australia, I. R. P. Fillery

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The supply and demand for nitrogen (N) in annual-based pasture-crop rotations in southern Australia is often poorly synchronised, leading to large losses of inorganic N (Fillery, 2001). Perennial pasture species, particularly lucerne, are being recommended to minimise dryland salinity. The implications for N cycling of using lucerne in place of annual legumes on acidic sandy soils that are widespread have not been widely studied. Lucerne is less tolerant of acidity and could fix less N than annual legumes. Lucerne root residues mineralise at slower rates than annual pasture residues with lower N release to subsequent wheat crops (Bolger et al …

Effects Of Applied Quantity Of Phosphorus Fertiliser On Phosphorus Content In Plant Tissues Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa) And Seed Yield In North-Western China, Y. W. Wang, J. G. Han, S. M. Fu, Y. Zhong

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Phosphorus concentration in plant tissue can be a useful index of P deficiency in lucerne, P fertiliser recommendations and monitoring of effectiveness of current P fertiliser practices (Jacobsen & Surber, 1995). The objective of this study was to measure P concentration in different lucerne plant parts and seed yield in relation to P fertiliser application rates in order to improve recommendations for lucerne seed production.

Red Clover Improves The Energy To Protein Balance Of Lucerne-Grass Herbage, X. Godin, Gaëtan F. Tremblay, P. Seguin, S. Bittman, D. Hunt, J. Hakl, G. Bélanger, M.-N. Thivierge, A. Bertrand, M. Thériault, A. Claessens

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Low ratio of readily fermentable carbohydrate to soluble protein concentrations in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) leads to inefficient use of herbage N by ruminants. To improve the energy to protein balance in lucerne-grass herbage, four proportions of lucerne:red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were compared in mixtures with and without grasses: timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus Schreb. Dumort.) in Quebec (QC, Canada). In the first post-seeding year, red clover proportion averaged (across grasses and four harvests) 0, 37, 59, and 74% in herbage mixtures. Increasing the proportion of red clover caused a slight …

Evaluation Of Annual Companion Crops For The Establishment Of Perennial Forage Crops In Eastern Canada, Philippe Seguin, Sandrine St-Pierre-Lepage, Céline Georlette, Caroline Halde, Gaëtan F. Tremblay, Huguette Martel, Ayitre Akpakouma

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The use of companion crops when establishing perennial forages is desirable as it often reduces weed growth and increases forage biomass in the seeding year. In eastern Canada, oat (Avena sativa L.) is the main species used as companion crop; although other species are used, they have not been systematically evaluated. A field study was established in 2019 at three sites in Québec, Canada, to contrast the use of six annual species as companion crops for the establishment of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)-timothy (Phleum pratense L.) mixtures. Species evaluated include berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), annual …

Kentucky Alfalfa Conference: A Team Approach To Alfalfa Education And Technology Transfer, Garry D. Lacefield, Monroe Rasnake, Christi L. Forsythe, Jimmy C. Henning, Bill Talley

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Alfalfa has played an important role in providing farmers of Kentucky with a high yielding, high quality, persistent forage legume for many years. In 1980, a group of individuals under the leadership of University of Kentucky Forage Extension Specialists organized and implemented the first statewide educational event on alfalfa. This initial meeting gave rise to the Kentucky Alfalfa Conference that celebrated it’s twentieth anniversary in February 2000. This annual event has been co-sponsored by the University of Kentucky, Kentucky Forage and Grassland Council, along with other state and national groups including Certified Alfalfa Seed Council, Kentucky Department of Agriculture, Kentucky …

Forage Production From Perennial Vs. Annual Crop R~ On In Sandy Soils In Egypt, Z. Abdelhalim, O. Niemeläinen, I. A. Hanna, A. M. Rammah

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Forage production was studied on newly reclaimed sandy soil in Egypt trom perennial lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and two annual crop rotations. The cropping systems were: A) lucerne, B) berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) in the winter followed by pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum R. Br. Emend. Stantz.) in the summer and C) triticale (XX Triticosecale Wittm.) (forage cut + grain harvest) in the winter followed by maize (Zea mays L.) (grain + stover) in the summer. Mean annual dry matter yields (t ha^-1 ) were 20.65, 26.59 and 27.48 from A, B and C, respectively. However, …

Nitrogen Mineralization From Root Residues Of Subterranean Clover And Lucerne, T. P. Bolger, J. F. Angus, M. B. Peoples

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

To understand why crops grown in the first or second year after lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) yielded less than crops grown after subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) despite greater nitrogen (N) fixation by the lucerne, we studied the N mineralization patterns of their root residues in soil incubation assays. Fine roots of both species produced more mineral N than the control soil with no root residues. In contrast, coarse roots mineralized less N than the control soil. These differences in N mineralization were not explained by the physical size and therefore surface area differences between fine and coarse …

Adaptability And Stability Of Alfalfa Cultivars, Ana C. Ruggieri, Alda L. G. Monteiro, R. Gualberto

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Yield adaptability and stability of thirty five alfalfa genotypes (Medicago sativa L.) were evaluated at Sertãozinho, SP, Brazil, considering different environments (seasons of year) from 1996 to 1999. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Scott-Knott’s test was performed to compare genotypes averages. Adaptability and stability were determined by Eberhart and Russell's procedures. Two diverse groups of genotypes with mean dry matter yield were identified: Araucana, F686, MH4 e BR2 were more responsive under favorable environments, but SW 8210, Alto, Monarca SP, Victoria SP, Florida 77, P5888, MH15, BR1, BR3, SW 9210A presented broad adaptability and …

Alfalfa, J. H. Bouton

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Cultivated alfalfa or lucerne (Medicago sativa spp. sativa) is the most important forage legume in the world with approximately 32 million hectares cultivated mainly in the temperate regions of both the northern and southern hemispheres. Intensive research has been conducted on the management and physiology of the crop and a major seed industry has developed world wide. Since insect and disease pests are numerous in alfalfa, development of cultivars with the proper fall dormancy and a broad genetic base for pest resistance has been pursued in order to provide increased adaptation, persistence, and yield. There has been a …

Bloat In Ruminants: The Cell Rupture Hypothesis, B. P. Berg, T. A. Mcallister, K.-J. Cheng

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

An alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivar with a low initial rate of digestion (LIRD), AC Grazeland B, was developed to test the hypothesis that the rate of cell rupture was a cause of frothy bloat in cattle or sheep. The amount of cell wall increases and digestibility declines as plants mature. Thus the cell rupture theory also predicts that the bloat potential of alfalfa is related to maturity. This study compared the digestibility of cell walls (NDF) in LIRD cultivars with that of a standard, Beaver, in relation to maturity and bloat incidence. Fresh alfalfa was fed to wethers …

Comparative Study On Drought Resistance Of Alfalfa Cultivars At Seedling Stage Between China And Australia, Yajun Chen, Trevor Garnett, Geoff Auricht, David Peck, Xianguang Zhang

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Improving Land Productivity And Sustainability By Developing Lucerne And Livestock Production In Huanxian County, Gansu Province, China, Fuzhong Zhang, Guifeng Hou, Tingyu Duan, Shenghua Chang

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Legumes On Stability And Quality Of Yield In Long‐Term Grazing Use, Žydrė Kadžiulienė, Leonas Kadžiulis, Lina Šarūnaitė

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Contribution Of Lucerne And Red Clover To Succeeding Cereal Crops Yield, Žydrė Kadžiulienė, Zenonas Dabkevičius, Lina Šarūnaitė, Leonas Kadžiulis

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Modeling The Growth Of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa) In The Pampas Region, M. Druille, M. F. Garbulsky, V. A. Deregibus

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Fodder Production Potential Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa L.) Genotypes For Sustainable Live Stock Production, T. Shashikala, M. Shanti, R. Suseela, M. Anuradha, R. V. T. Balazzii Naaiik, V. Chandrika

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is a temperate perennial legume capable of producing high quality forage throughout the year. The plant also contains sufficient concentrations of vitamins and most minerals for all classes of livestock. Livestock production can be substantially increased by using lucerne. It is a persistent, productive as well as heat and drought resistant crop which provides better and wet seasons. It tolerates short spell of drought but not water logging and high humidity in the rainy season. Cultivated lucerne is an out crossing auto- tetraploid plant developed by combining different M. sativa and M. falcate germplasm sources …

Performance Of Improved Forage Species Under Dry Temperate Conditions Of North Western Himalayas, Naveen Kumar, B. R. Sood, Sunil Kumar

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The dry temperate region of Himalayas is characterized by low precipitation, low temperature and high snowfall. In this region generally, all the areas excluding the intensively cultivated one are used as pasture and grasslands. The area is characterized by sloppy desert mountains with crop growing season of 5-6 months (April to September). In the region due to continuous heavy grazing and lack of management indigenous grass species presently represent the third or fourth stage of degradation. In north western Himalayas livestock plays a significant role in sustaining the livelihood of people, but in the region all forage resources are hardly …

Evaluation Of Biopesticides Against Spotted Alfalfa Aphid, Therioaphis Spp On Alfalfa, M. Anuradha, R. Susheela, T. Shashikala, M. Shanti, G. Anitha

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Alfalfa or Lucerne, Medicago sativa L. recognised as the oldest among the forage crops, also called as Queen of forages is considered as a superior feed for dairy, horses etc because it is quickly digested, relatively high in protein, low in NDF, excellent source of Ca, Mg, P, vit D and carotene. As a legume it is also known to improve soil structure because it is effective source of biological nitrogen. It mainly suffers both qualitatively and quantitatively from the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata and pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Green fodder yield losses were reported to be 33% …

Studies On Insect Fauna Of Lucerne Medicago Sativa And Their Impact On Seed And Forage Yield In Lucerne Medicago Sativa , Narendra S. Kulkarni, Vinod Kumar

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Lucerne or Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) is the world’s most important forage legume and a key component of many crop rotation systems (Osborn et. al., 1997). Alfalfa is considered an insectary due to the large number of insects it attracts. Some pests, such as alfalfa weevil, aphids, armyworms, and the potato leafhopper, can reduce alfalfa yields dramatically, particularly with the second cutting when weather is warmest. Chemical controls are sometimes used to prevent this. As a perennial crop, lucerne has a lifespan approaching 5 years, but in some areas of the world fields may remain productive for considerably longer. …

Flexible Forage Systems For Variable Water Supplies, Mary-Jane E. Rogers, Alister Lawson, Kevin Kelly

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The dairy industry in northern Victoria, Australia is primarily based on the border check irrigation of temperate forage species over the spring to autumn period. Traditionally, dairy cows have grazed the perennial species (white clover and perennial ryegrass) and annual pastures (based on short-lived ryegrasses and subterranean or Persian clover). However, due to a more variable climate – particularly a period where the annual rainfall has been significantly less than the long-term average – the summer irrigation allocations have been substantially lower and more variable than the preceding 20-30 years. Under this climate scenario, dairy farmers are re-evaluating their feed …

Delayed Sowing Decreased Lucerne Dry Matter Yield Over Two Seasons, Richard Sim, Derrick Moot

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) can be sown in New Zealand from late spring (October) to early autumn (March). In the establishment season, greatest drymatter (DM) yields are normally attained from sowing early and production lost from delayed sowing is only considered in the establishment season. The objective of this research is to determine if sowing date continues to have an effect on DM yield in year two and how the partitioning of DM between the above and below ground plant fractions is influenced by sowing date.

Improving Lucerne Forage Quality And Utilization By Using Novel Silage Inoculant, Vilma Vrotniakiene, Jonas Jatkauskas

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is a protein-rich forage that farmers often combine with energy-rich feed sources to dairy cattle. Lucerne ensiles poorly, however, due to low sugar concentration and high buffering capacity. Ensiling is improved by wilting the crop and using an appropriate silage inoculant. The principal goal of inoculants is to improve fermentation quality, to preserve as much of the nutritive value of the crop at harvest as possible for the livestock consuming the resulting silage and to increase production (Meeske et al. 2000, Muck 2012).

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of …

Improving The Feeding Value Of Dryland Lucerne In Australia, Hayley C. Norman, Steve J. Hughes, Elizabeth L. Hulm, Alan W. Humphries, K. Oldach, Dean K. Revell, Zoey Durmic, J. Vadhanabhuti, Philip E. Vercoe

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is the most widely grown perennial legume species in southern Australia. Within Australian farming systems it plays an important role in the provision of high-quality feed for livestock, nitrogen fixation and dewatering soils to reduce watertable recharge and dryland salinity (Cocks 2001). The majority of lucerne varieties have been developed for the areas with high rainfall or supplementary irrigation. The new challenge is to develop lucerne cultivars specifically for dryland mixed farming systems in temperate and mediterranean climate zones (Humphries and Auricht, 2001). Persistence in these environments and feeding value to sheep are critical selection …

The Functionality Of Legume-Grass Swards In A Long-Term Pasture: Productivity And Stability, Žydrė Kadžiulienė, Lina Šarūnaitė, Leonas Kadžiulis

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Combinations of various plant species or functional groups can enhance sward structure, the function and stability of an ecosystem, supplement forage production and mitigate negative environmental impacts. Climatic variation, rising temperatures, changing precipitation and other extreme climatic events may lead to changes in plant diversity (Soussana and Lüscher 2007). At the same time it is very important to optimise functional diversity by combining species with different properties that are well adapted to the local environments (Huyghe et al. 2012). Successful selection and management of legumes influences the herbage production, nutritional quality and sustainability of grazing systems. Therefore, their role …

Fodder Yield And Quality Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa) Grown As Pure Stands And In Mixture With Oats (Avena Sativa), Mustard (Brassica Campestris) And Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne) Under Different Cutting Managements, Balwinder Kumar, U. S. Tiwana, Ajaib Singh

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Legume-cereal mixtures are important protein and carbohydrate sources for livestock and provide a balanced chemical composition for livestock feeding along with higher green forage yields than the pure stands (Berdahl et al. 2001; Albayrak and Ekiz, 2005). Lucerne is the most important rabi legume crop of Punjab grown under limited irrigation conditions and provides succulent, palatable and nutritious fodder to dairy animals. The fodder yield of first cut of lucerne is very low so it is usually grown in mixture with oats and or mustard. The information on the mixtures of lucerne and suitable cutting times is scant. This …

Effects Of Organic Acids On Alleviation Of Aluminum Toxicity In Alfalfa, Yuan An, Peng Zhou

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

On a global scale, acidic soils cover an estimated 37.8 million km² of the earth's surface, and up to 50% of the world’s potentially arable soils are acidic. Aluminum (Al) is highly abundant in acid soil conditions. At low (< 5.5) pH, a toxic form of aluminum, Al³⁺, is solubilized from aluminosilicate clay minerals into soil solutions. High concentrations of Al_³⁺ in soil solutions caused seriously damage to plants by enhancing lipid per-oxidation, limiting root elongation and nutrient uptake, as well as decreasing plant growth (Kochian et al. 2005). Al toxicity represents one of the most important constraints for agricultural production in areas …