Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Diatom Community Response To Climate Variability Over The Past 37,000 Years In The Sub-Tropics Of The Southern Hemisphere, Sarah Hembrow, Kathryn Taffs, Pia Atahan, Jeffrey Parr, Atun Zawadzki, Henk Heijnis

Jeffrey Parr

Climate change is impacting global surface water resources, increasing the need for a deeper understanding of the interaction between climate and biological diversity. This is particularly the case in the Southern Hemisphere sub-tropics, where little information exists on the aquatic biota response to climate variations. Palaeolimnological techniques, in particular the use of diatoms, are well established and can significantly contribute to the understanding of climatic variability and the impacts that change in climate have on aquatic ecosystems. A sediment core from Lake McKenzie, Fraser Island (Australia), was used to investigate interactions between climate influences and aquatic ecosystems. This study utilises …

Occluded C In Rice Phytoliths: Implications To Biogeochemical Carbon Sequestration, Zimin Li, Zhaoliang Song, Jeffrey Parr, Hailong Wang

Jeffrey Parr

Aims: Carbon (C) bio-sequestration within the phytoliths of plants, a mechanism of long-term biogeochemical C sequestration, may play a major role in the global C cycle and climate change. In this study, we explored the potential of C bio-sequestration within phytoliths produced in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa), a well known silicon accumulator.

Methods: The rice phytolith extraction was undertaken with microwave digestion procedures and the determination of occluded C in phytoliths was based on dissolution methods of phytolith-Si.

Results: Chemical analysis indicates that the phytolith-occluded C (PhytOC) contents of the different organs (leaf, stem, sheath and grains) on …

Lower Lakes Phase Carbon Project, Leigh Sullivan, Nicholas Ward, Jeffrey Parr, Richard Bush, Diane Fyfe, Michelle Bush, Roslyn Hagan, Mark Rosicky

Jeffrey Parr

No abstract provided.

The Evolution Of A Coastal Peatland At Byron Bay, Australia: Multi-Proxy Evidence From The Microfossil Record, Kathryn Taffs, Brendan Logan, Jeffrey Parr, Geraldine Jacobsen

Jeffrey Parr

This impressive collection celebrates the work of Peter Kershaw, a key figure in the field of Australian palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Over almost half a century his research helped reconceptualize ecology in Australia, creating a detailed understanding of environmental change in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Within a biogeographic framework one of his exceptional contributions was to explore the ways that Aboriginal people may have modified the landscape through the effects of anthropogenic burning. These ideas have had significant impacts on thinking within the fields of geomorphology, biogeography, archaeology, anthropology and history. Papers presented here continue to explore the dynamism of landscape …

Ams Dating Of Ancient Plant Residues From Experimental Stone Tools: A Pilot Study, Andrea Yates, Andrew Smith, Jeffrey Parr, Anja Scheffers, Renaud Joannes-Boyau

Jeffrey Parr

Residue analyses on stone artefacts have contributed to resolving functional questions in stone tool research. Although identifying the function of tools through the analysis of their micro-residues is possible, the establishment of a sound numerical chronology for stone tools lacking a clear stratigraphic sequence, such as surface scatters, remains a challenge. While radiocarbon dating of blood residue on stone artefacts has been published previously (Loy 1987, 1990, 1993; Loy et al., 1990; Nelson et al.1986), this paper reports on an experiment designed to assess the possibility of directly dating residues on stone artefacts by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) based radiocarbon …

Green Geosequestration: Secure Carbon Sequestration Via Plant Silica Biomineralisation, Leigh Sullivan, Jeffrey Parr

Jeffrey Parr

No abstract provided.

Forensics Report, Jeffrey Parr, Kathryn Taffs

Jeffrey Parr

No abstract provided.

Holocene Vegetation Dynamics In West New Britain, Png, William Boyd, Carol Lentfer, Jeffrey Parr, C Jago

Jeffrey Parr

No abstract provided.

Carbon Bio-Sequestration Within The Phytoliths Of Economic Bamboo Species, Jeffrey Parr, Leigh Sullivan, Bihua Chen, Gongfu Ye, Zheng Wiepeng

Jeffrey Parr

The rates of carbon bio-sequestration within silica phytoliths of the leaf litter of 10 economically important bamboo species indicates that (a) there is considerable variation in the content of carbon occluded within the phytoliths (PhytOC) of the leaves between different bamboo species, (b) this variation does not appear to be directly related to the quantity of silica in the plant but rather the efficiency of carbon encapsulation by the silica. The PhytOC content of the species under the experimental conditions ranged from 1.6% to 4% of the leaf silica weight. The potential phytolith carbon bio-sequestration rates in the leaf-litter component …

Geochemistry (Δ13c, Δ15n, 13c Nmr) And Residence Times ( 14c And Osl) Of Soil Organic Matter From Red-Brown Earths Of South Australia: Implications For Soil Genesis, Evelyn Krull, Erick Bestland, Jan Skjemstad, Jeffrey Parr, A Mee

Jeffrey Parr

Soil forming processes important to the development of Red-Brown Earths (duplex soils) in southeastern Australia have been investigated by a combination of techniques, including isotopic (δ13C, δ15N, 14C), spectroscopic (13C NMR, MIR), optically stimulated luminescence dating (OSL) and phytolith analyses. A distinct increase in clay content, corresponding changes in the abundance of major elements, as well as changes in organic chemistry (13C NMR), stable isotope trends (δ13C, δ15N), and phytolith abundance, are apparent in the transition from the very sandy A horizon to the clayey B horizon in three soil profiles from the Coonawarra–Padthaway region of South Australia. These structural …

Human Adaptive Responses To Catastrophic Landscape Disruptions During The Holocene, Numundo, Png, Jeffrey Parr, William Boyd, Vicki Harriott, Robin Torrence

Jeffrey Parr

Prehistoric land use and social activity in West New Britain, PNG, are well documented, although the landscapes – largely shaped by catastrophic volcanic eruptions – in which these took place, and the relationships people had with these landscapes, are poorly understood. We define the evolving landscape at Numundo, from prior to the Witori-Kimbe 2 eruption (W-K2, ca. 3600 BP) to after the Witori-Kimbe 4 eruption (W-K4, ca. 1400 BP), using fossil phytolith and coral evidence at eight archaeological sites to provide environmental evidence of the human responses to periodic catastrophic events. From ca. 5900 to 3600 BP, all the sites …

A Microwave Digestion Technique For The Extraction Of Fossil Diatoms From Coastal Lake And Swamp Sediments, Jeffrey Parr, Kathryn Taffs, Christopher Lane

Jeffrey Parr

This study provides an introduction to a microwave digestion technique for the extraction of fossil diatoms from sediments. The microwave technique is compared with the standard diatom extraction technique of Battarbee (Diatom analysis. In: Berglund B.E. (ed.), Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology. John Wiley and Sons) that uses a combination of dilute hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide and the advantages and disadvantages of their use are discussed. The results suggest that the microwave technique is fast, inexpensive and most importantly produces replicable fossil diatom assemblage data. Small samples sizes are used (0.3 g) for the microwave method thus lower …

Fires And Their Implications For Acidic Peatlands, Northeastern Nsw, Jeffrey Parr, Kathryn Taffs, Geoffrey Kerr, J Arthur

Jeffrey Parr

No abstract provided.

Interactions Between Human Activity, Volcanic Eruptions And Vegetation During The Holocene At Garua And Numundo, West New Britain, Png, William Boyd, Carol Lentfer, Jeffrey Parr

Jeffrey Parr

This paper reviews recent fossil phytolith analysis from wet tropical West New Britain (Papua New Guinea). The Holocene vegetation has been influenced by spatially and temporally diverse patterns of both prehistoric human settlement and catastrophic volcanic events. We have hypothesized different landscape responses and recovery pathways to events during the last six millennia. Phytolith sequences on the coastal lowlands, the Willaumez Peninsula, and nearby island of Garua provide details of vegetational change and human interactions at different landscape scales since c. 5900 cal yr B.P. During this period four major volcanic eruptions (c. 5900, 3600, 1700 and 1400 cal yr …

Chronology And Palaeoecology Of An Acidic Wetland Peat In Northeastern Nsw, Kathryn Taffs, Jeffrey Parr, Keith Bolton

Jeffrey Parr

No abstract provided.

Reconstructing Fire Histories: Methods, Interpretation And Common On-Ground Across Fire History Research In Australia, Jeffrey Parr, Geoffrey Kerr, J Arthur, Keith Bolton, Geraldine Jacobsen, Kathryn Taffs

Jeffrey Parr

No abstract provided.

Response To Cotter And Cotter: Confirming The Probable Industrial Origin Of Archaeological Daub At An Iron Age Site In Northeast Thailand, William Boyd, Jeffrey Parr

Jeffrey Parr

No abstract provided.

Fires Impact On An Acidic Peatland In Northeastern Nsw: Implications For The Interpretation Of Fire Histories, Pyrite Formation And Loss Of Organic Carbon, Jeffrey Parr, Geoffrey Kerr, J Arthur, Kathryn Taffs

Jeffrey Parr

No abstract provided.

West Byron Wetland Vegetation History Report., Jeffrey Parr, Kathryn Taffs

Jeffrey Parr

No abstract provided.