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Articles 1 - 30 of 42
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Survey Of Memory Consolidation Techniques For Video Question Answering, Matthew Couts, Pha Nguyen, Khoa Luu
Survey Of Memory Consolidation Techniques For Video Question Answering, Matthew Couts, Pha Nguyen, Khoa Luu
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Video Question Answering (VideoQA) is a field of research focused on developing models that can engage in natural conversations with humans about the content of videos. Currently, the most successful approaches involve analyzing videos frame-by-frame, which is computationally and memory-intensive. To imitate human memory, the Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model can formulate the machine’s video understanding capability through Vision-Language Models. Reducing the number of frames processed by the model is a crucial operation in this approach category and can be handled by a memory consolidation algorithm. The memory consolidation algorithm should be able to determine the keyframes to transfer from short-term to …
High Order Structures Formed By The Natural Aromatic Amino Acids, Gabriel Alexander Kupovics, Zeina Alraawi
High Order Structures Formed By The Natural Aromatic Amino Acids, Gabriel Alexander Kupovics, Zeina Alraawi
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Excessive concentrations of the natural aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine are characteristic of the severe genetic abnormalities known as phenylketonuria (PKU) and tyrosinemia, respectively. Within this context, this feature article authenticates claims that tryptophan can form amyloid-like supramolecular structures in vitro and is the first to propose potential mechanisms of tryptophan self-assembly, including hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence kinetics and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data suggest the formation of amyloid-like fibrillar structures by natural aromatic amino acids in vitro. Additionally, the propensity of amino acid aggregation increases in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The …
Physical Characteristics And Classification Of The Large Amplitude Variable Star V1719 Cygni, Ashley Lieber, Logan Siems, Julia Kennefick, Michael Fitzgerald
Physical Characteristics And Classification Of The Large Amplitude Variable Star V1719 Cygni, Ashley Lieber, Logan Siems, Julia Kennefick, Michael Fitzgerald
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Pulsating stars are used as standard candles which are helpful in determining distances to stellar objects along with the relationship between their period and apparent luminosity. The focus of this study was the variable star, V1719 Cygni, which is often classified as a Delta (δ) Scuti star, but there exists debate that it should be classified as a RR Lyrae star due to its abnormal light curve and similar characteristics between the two variable star categories. Observational data was taken in 2019 using the Las Cumbres Observatory international telescope network. The resulting data were calibrated using comparison stars in the …
Artificial Intelligence System For Automatic Imaging, Quantification, And Identification Of Arthropods In Leaf Litter And Pitfall Samples, Pierce Helton, Khoa Luu, Ashley Dowling
Artificial Intelligence System For Automatic Imaging, Quantification, And Identification Of Arthropods In Leaf Litter And Pitfall Samples, Pierce Helton, Khoa Luu, Ashley Dowling
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
It is well known that arthropods are the most diverse and abundant eukaryotic organisms on the planet. Museum and research collections have huge insect accumulations from expeditions conducted over history that contain specimens of both temporal and spatial value, including hundreds of thousands of species. This biodiversity data is inaccessible to the research community, resulting in a vast amount of “dark data”. The primary objective of this study is to develop an artificial intelligence-driven system for specimen identification that greatly minimizes the time and expertise required to identify specimens in atypical environments. Successful development will have profound impacts on both …
Root Phenotyping Of Peptide-Treated Glycine Max, Salem Jackson, Fiona Goggin
Root Phenotyping Of Peptide-Treated Glycine Max, Salem Jackson, Fiona Goggin
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Plant elicitor peptides (Peps) – endogenous chains of amino acids involved in natural plant defense – have been shown to decrease damage from herbivores and pathogens by inducing an immune response, increasing the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCS), transcripts, and metabolites. Exogenous treatment of soybean seeds with plant elicitor peptide GmPep3 has been shown to induce these broad-spectrum defenses and offers a new method for increasing crop yield. However, the effects of GmPep3 on indicators of soybean health – root characteristics, growth stages, etc. – have not been fully realized. Using the root-phenotyping platform RhizoVision Explorer, several root traits …
A New Design Method For Vanadium Redox Batteries In Renewable Energy Systems, Casey Gibson, Karla G. Morrissey Unversity Of Arkansas, Fayetteville
A New Design Method For Vanadium Redox Batteries In Renewable Energy Systems, Casey Gibson, Karla G. Morrissey Unversity Of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
This study investigated the behavior of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs), which are batteries capable of easily switching between charging and discharging modes, making them a suitable option for storing intermittent sources of alternative energies (solar, wind, etc). Since different sizes of the battery provide varying voltages, optimal parameters for a particular home are key for implementation. These parameters, specifically the cell and tank volumes of the battery that are capable of providing consistent on-load voltage, were determined using data from a 13 kW solar array and a medium-sized house. Charge/discharge current values were used to run a mathematical model …
Early Investigations In Conformal And Differential Geometry, Raymond T. Walter
Early Investigations In Conformal And Differential Geometry, Raymond T. Walter
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
The present article introduces fundamental notions of conformal and differential geometry, especially where such notions are useful in mathematical physics applications. Its primary achievement is a nontraditional proof of the classic result of Liouville that the only conformal transformations in Euclidean space of dimension greater than two are Möbius transformations. The proof is nontraditional in the sense that it uses the standard Dirac operator on Euclidean space and is based on a representation of Möbius transformations using 2x2 matrices over a Clifford algebra. Clifford algebras and the Dirac operator are important in other applications of pure mathematics and mathematical physics, …
Object Recognition Based On Shape And Function: Inspired By Children's Word Acquisition, Akihiro Eguchi
Object Recognition Based On Shape And Function: Inspired By Children's Word Acquisition, Akihiro Eguchi
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
This paper explores a new approach to computational object recognition by borrowing an idea from child language acquisition studies in developmental psychology. Whereas previous image recognition research used shape to recognize and label a target object, the model proposed in this study added the function of the object resulting in a more accurate recognition. This study makes use of new gaming technology, Microsoft’s Kinect, in implementing the proposed new object recognition model. A demonstration of the model developed in this project properly infers different names for similarly shaped objects and the same name for differently shaped objects.
Investigating 3 Axis Cnc Processes For Creating 3d Objects, Michael Jake Newsum
Investigating 3 Axis Cnc Processes For Creating 3d Objects, Michael Jake Newsum
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Using 3 axis CNC (computer numerical code) routing processes of the Visualization Lab, the CNC was tested for 3D object milling. The CNC process was designed for manufacturing 2D cut out objects with or without a 3D surface. The processes of modeling the object, using CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) programs, producing the Toolpath, post processing, editing G Code, positioning the stock material, and setting the machine origin were tested for an understanding of what changes had to be made to the process to accurately mill and cut out 3D objects. Solutions were discovered through digital and physical setups that are …
Wi-Fi Sensing Algorithms Utilizing Zigbee Rf Receiver For Use In Emergency Communications Mesh, Alexander H. Nelson
Wi-Fi Sensing Algorithms Utilizing Zigbee Rf Receiver For Use In Emergency Communications Mesh, Alexander H. Nelson
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
This thesis examines a low-power Wi-Fi sensing wake-up controller for an emergency communications mesh network; the goal of the research study is to progressively develop a prototype system that could be used in a live environment. Wireless network protocols are reviewed, in addition to a limited view of cluster analysis, in order to introduce relevant receiver concepts crucial to understanding this study. Algorithms for system implementation are developed, and pseudocode, designed to be configurable and platform-independent, is given for each. The system’s design goals are identified, followed by a discussion on approaches and optimizations in order to maximize the system’s …
Clean Energy Water Disinfection For Small, Remote Rural Communities, Ryan M. Lee
Clean Energy Water Disinfection For Small, Remote Rural Communities, Ryan M. Lee
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Access to drinking water is essential to all life, yet in many developing and remote communities, it is often contaminated with disease causing pathogens. This project was created in response to the annual WERC Environmental Design Competition. This year’s specific challenge was to develop human powered, stand-alone, effective, easily implemented, and economical water disinfection systems. Many technologies were evaluated; however, bleach and ultraviolet (UV) light treatments were determined to be most applicable to remote and impoverished communities. The Razorback Microcide WERC Crew designed and demonstrated two systems independently featuring bleach and UV disinfection technology. Both systems include a high capacity, …
Implementing A Food Waste To Compost Program At The University Of Arkansas: An Economic Feasibility Analysis, Zoe Teague
Implementing A Food Waste To Compost Program At The University Of Arkansas: An Economic Feasibility Analysis, Zoe Teague
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
The University of Arkansas Fayetteville (UAF) is actively pursuing ways to increase sustainability on campus. Through the establishment of the Sustainability Council and campus centers, multiple projects are attempting to reduce the carbon footprint at UAF. One particular study is designed to eliminate food waste on campus through composting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and project the economic savings of implementing a food waste composting system using Earth Tubs. Earth Tubs are an in-vessel electrical composting system capable of diverting up to 150 pounds of organic material daily with minimal odor. Results suggest that composting food waste …
Multimedia And Ultrafiltration For Reverse Osmosis Pretreatment Aboard Naval Vessels, Angela C. Mehner
Multimedia And Ultrafiltration For Reverse Osmosis Pretreatment Aboard Naval Vessels, Angela C. Mehner
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
The US Navy is interested in improving the pretreatment for shipboard Reverse Osmosis potable water systems. To investigate this problem, the Navy prepared a Task for the 2010 WERC (http://www.werc.net) competition. The research described in this paper was performed to compete in this WERC Task and ultimately received a 1st place award. Several technologies were considered as options for improving the current pretreatment process. Multi-media filtration followed by ultrafiltration was chosen as the most economical solution. This paper presents the final design for a full-scale shipboard system that incorporates multimedia filtration and ultrafiltration yet requires minimal space and optimal power …
Beyond The Pie: Communicating With Smart Objects Using Menu-Based Natural Language Interfaces, Tanmaya Kumar
Beyond The Pie: Communicating With Smart Objects Using Menu-Based Natural Language Interfaces, Tanmaya Kumar
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
In both real and 3D virtual worlds, people and avatars (representations of people) need to be able to communicate with things around them. Without guidance, however, people cannot use the language that the things can understand. The goal of our research is to extend the 3D virtual world Second Life® to better model pervasive computing and overcome the boundaries of communication. The aim of this paper is to show how to build a dynamic menu-based user interface that enables humans to communicate with model entities. The focus is the applicability of object-specific grammars associated with things (objects in the real …
Research Note: Automated Path Finding Service For Second Life, Daniel Starling
Research Note: Automated Path Finding Service For Second Life, Daniel Starling
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
No abstract provided.
Smart Objects In A Virtual World, Akihiro Eguchi
Smart Objects In A Virtual World, Akihiro Eguchi
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
The coming Internet of Things will usher in a smart semantic world where many more physical objects will be networked so that they can communicate with each other and with humans. This paper identifies protocols that smart objects will need to follow and the ways in which today’s virtual worlds can be used to better design and understand these protocols for tomorrow’s smart world.
Geologic Map Of The Nez Perce Drainage Basin, Southwestern Montana, Rose Aimee Feinstein
Geologic Map Of The Nez Perce Drainage Basin, Southwestern Montana, Rose Aimee Feinstein
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
A geologic map of the Nez Perce drainage basin in southwestern Montana offers an understanding of the developing paleotopography of the area following the Laramide orogeny, ca. 65 ma. In this project, a small drainage basin was studied in detail, focusing on the geomorphology, structure, lithology, and ages of the various rock units. Based on the results of these studies and the relationships found among four major gravel units mapped within the basin, the basin development was approximated. The youngest unit is a fine-grained (mean diameter = 8.23 cm) channel deposit within Nez Perce Creek, sourced from within the basin, …
Carbon Nanotube Cluster Based Micro-Fluidic System For Bacteria Capture, Concentration, And Separation, Chris Nelson
Carbon Nanotube Cluster Based Micro-Fluidic System For Bacteria Capture, Concentration, And Separation, Chris Nelson
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Disease-causing pathogens continue presenting enormous global health problems, especially due to their easy transmittance to people via water supply systems. The detection, filtration, and purification of bacteria-contaminated water samples are complex activities, ones subject to considerable error. Here we present a new and highly effective micro-fluidic system with carbon nanotube (CNT) clusters for effective and efficient detection, filtration, and purification of bacteria-contaminated medium. The developed system is based upon two unique properties of CNT clusters: high bacterial affinity and magnetic susceptibility. The CNTs 'high affinity to bacteria cells makes them a key candidate for the bacteria adsorption. The magnetic susceptibility …
Development Of A Distributed Artificial Neural Network For Hydrologic Modeling, Rebecca Logsdon
Development Of A Distributed Artificial Neural Network For Hydrologic Modeling, Rebecca Logsdon
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Hydrological models are used to represent the rainfall-runoff and pollutant transport mechanisms within watersheds. Accurate representation of these dynamic and complex natural processes within a watershed is an important step in managing and protecting a watershed Artificial neural network (ANN) models are often used in hydrologic modeling. Typical ANN models are trained to use lumped data. However, watershed characteristics used as inputs in hydrological modeling are spatially and often temporally dynamic. Therefore, a lumped model does not have the ability to represent changes in spatial dynamics of a watershed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and test …
The Beauty Of Mathematics And The Mathematics Of Beauty: Continued Fractions And The Golden Ratio, Jessica Tush
The Beauty Of Mathematics And The Mathematics Of Beauty: Continued Fractions And The Golden Ratio, Jessica Tush
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
This project begins with a look at the history of simple continued fractions and how we have arrived where we are today. We then move through a study of simple continued fractions, beginning first with rational numbers and moving to irrational numbers. Continuing further in the pursuit of joining mathematics and art, we define the specific continued fraction that gives rise to the Fibonacci sequence and the Golden Ratio~ (phi, pronounced 'Jai"). These two notions form a direct link to art and the properties that we hope to examine. I have taken an analytic approach to showing that the Golden …
Relative Searching Using An Ordered Token List, Anthony Rosequist
Relative Searching Using An Ordered Token List, Anthony Rosequist
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Many organizations have large amounts of information, such as consumer data, that need to be processed. Traditional searching algorithms only attempt to find exact matches to particular queries. This is undesirable when data are missing, outdated, or inaccurate. Therefore, a new type of search must be developed to locate records that are considered "interesting" to the user. This research paper examines past attempts to solve this problem and explores a new method involving ordered token lists to achieve this goal. The algorithm was developed, implemented, tested, and optimized.
Runoff Using A Combined Geographic Information System And Curve Number Approach, Keshia M. Koehn
Runoff Using A Combined Geographic Information System And Curve Number Approach, Keshia M. Koehn
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Stormwater runoff can transport nutrients, sediments, chemicals, and pathogens to surface water bodies. Managing runoff is crucial to preserving water quality in rapidly developing urban watersheds like Northwest Arkansas. A watershed containing much of the University of Arkansas campus was identified as the target area for this study because stormwater from this location drains into the West Fork of the White River, designated as an impaired water body due to siltation. The project objective was to develop a methodology to test existing stormwater drainage infrastructure, identify potential areas of improvement, and estimate potentially contaminated runoff by combining two widely used …
The Impact Of Severance Taxes On The Arkansas Natural Gas Market, Tammy Lippert
The Impact Of Severance Taxes On The Arkansas Natural Gas Market, Tammy Lippert
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
The recent development of the Fayetteville Shale Play, an unconventional natural gas reservoir in Central and Eastern Arkansas, has created considerable opportunities for the state and its citizens as the industry has made substantial investment in the region. These developments have resulted in thousands of new jobs for Arkansans, billions of dollars in direct and indirect output, and millions in state and local tax revenues. One of the most visible issues in recent state news has been the controversy surrounding the severance tax levied by the state government on the extraction of natural gas. The question at hand has been …
Improvement To The Data Logging Capability Of A Cough Monitoring System, Matthew Barlow
Improvement To The Data Logging Capability Of A Cough Monitoring System, Matthew Barlow
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Data logging capability of a previously developed self contained cough recorder using an accelerometer as the sensing element is improved by using a secure digital memory card for later retrieval on a computer. Firmware is developed to enhance the functionality of the cough recorder. Existing libraries are modified for increased write rates. Increased writing speed allows 8-bit sampling at rates exceeding 8kHz, allowing for detailed time and frequency domain analysis. Additional features have also been developed to enable easy management of recordings, such as a file system compatibility with Microsoft Windows., and unique file names for each recording.
Biometric Security: Are Inexpensive Biometric Devices Reliable Enough To Gain Wide-Spread Security Usage?, Brian Thanh Tran
Biometric Security: Are Inexpensive Biometric Devices Reliable Enough To Gain Wide-Spread Security Usage?, Brian Thanh Tran
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
The ever growing need for security in today' s world requires exploring the feasibility of various security methods to ensure the safety of the world's population. With the tremendous growth of technology, e-commerce, and business globalization, society implements new methods to try to battle security problems. Technology advances has resulted in a number of inexpensive biometric devices to the marketplace. Two questions surface regarding this devices-are they reliable enough for general usage and will people be willing to use them? This research conducted a repeated design experiment to determine the effectiveness of four inexpensive biometric devices-three fingerprint readers and an …
Dynamic Composition Of Agent Grammars, Kyle Neumeier
Dynamic Composition Of Agent Grammars, Kyle Neumeier
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
In the very near future, as pervasive computing takes root, there will be an explosion of everyday objects that are uniquely identifiable and wrapped by a computational layer- effectively bringing the object to life. An important component of this system is the mechanism that will allow humans to interface with the objects. Menu Based Natural Language Interfaces (MBNLI) seem like a good candidate for this job because of the intuitive way in which they allow the user to build commands. However, the MBNLI system will have to scale with the number of objects in the system. This project describes context …
Interfacing Agents With Natural Language, Jared Allen
Interfacing Agents With Natural Language, Jared Allen
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Technology is leading us to a world where computers are everywhere. A new breed of machines capable of sensing and reacting to stimuli in the real world is under development. Unfortunately, these new, powerful devices can oftentimes be difficult for the average person to understand. It is imperative that an easy to use interface be implemented to usher in this new world. Natural language (speech) would be an ideal solution. However, it has proven implausible on a large scale. A Menu-Based Natural Language Interface (MBNLI) could retain the intuitiveness of speech, while eliminating the obstacles impeding implementation. This research paper …
Computational Study Of A Novel Dinuclear Metal Complex, Dragos Seghete
Computational Study Of A Novel Dinuclear Metal Complex, Dragos Seghete
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
The first compound containing an M-H-M was recently reported by Vicic et al. With recent availability of large computational resources, molecular modeling has become a reliable tool for confirming experimental results. The novel dinuclear Ni complex [( dippm)2Ni2Br2]( 0 -H) was investigated in this work from a theoretical perspective. Full geometry optimization was carried on the dinuclear Ni complex at the DFT/B3LYP with the 6-31G* basis set. The result verifies the linear Ni-H-Ni bond. Two different starting structures that converged to the same geometry confirm that a global minimum was reached. The computed structure differs from the experimentally determined one …
Where Does It All End? Boundaries Beyond Euclidean Space, Jonathan Thompson
Where Does It All End? Boundaries Beyond Euclidean Space, Jonathan Thompson
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Multiple Mutations In The Hydrophobic Core Upon The Stability Of Staphylococcal Nuclease, Rebecca L. Danforth
The Effects Of Multiple Mutations In The Hydrophobic Core Upon The Stability Of Staphylococcal Nuclease, Rebecca L. Danforth
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Previous work in the laboratory of my research advisor, Dr. Wesley Stites, has investigated the core packing of the protein staphylococcal nuclease. The core of a protein is critical in determining a protein's structure and stability. The hydrophobicity of the core has long been thought to be the principal driving force for folding, but recent work in the Stites lab has shown that optimization of van der Waals contacts and minimization of cavities, in our shorthand term, packing, is at least as energetically important. We are building upon this information in our attempt to better pack the protein core. If …