Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Relative Rate Of Ozonolysis Between Symmetrical And Unsymmetrical Olefins, Wai Lum Yuen

Honors Theses

There are two theories about the mechanism of the ozone-olefin reaction. One is that ozone makes a one-step four-center attack on the olefin to form a primary ozonide. Another theory is that ozone makes an electrophilic attack of the olefin to form a pi complex. The pi complex then collapses into the primary ozonide. The relative rates of reaction of a series of symmetrical and unsymmetrical olefins were determined. Gas chromatograph was used to measure the relative concentration of the various olefins before and after ozonolysis. The relative rates of ozonolysis were then calculated from the data. It was observed …

Synthesis Of 2,4-Dichloro-6-Methylborazine And 2-Chloro-4,6-Dimethylborazine, Deborah Ann Scribner

Honors Theses

In the attempted preparation of 2, 4, 6-trimethylborazine, two unknown products were isolated. It was suspected that these could be 2-chloro-4, 6-dimethylborazine and 2, 4-dichloro-6-methylborazine. Due to the difficulty of separation of the two products, they were not positively identified. These two compounds were then chosen for synthesis and characterization since they would be useful starting materials for the preparation of unsymmetrically substituted borazines and since there is little data on unsymmetrical borazine derivatives. It was later decided that the 2, 4-dichloro-6-methyl-borazine would be synthesized first since it would be earlier to control the mole ratio of reactants to favor …

Dielectric Constants And Pair Interactions In Polar Molecules, Kurt Walter Hillig

Honors Theses

A qualitative description of dielectric processes in Pair interactions of polar molecules is presented, discussing such factors as molecular shape and polarizability. The mathematical treatment of these interactions is given, derived from classical electric field theory and statistical mechanics. The dielectric virial equation and the meaning of the dielectric virial coefficients is discussed. Due to the small magnitude of the coefficients, one must make measurements on the gas of the molar volume to one part in 10 4 and of the dielectric constant to one part in 106 to derive values of the second dielectric virial coefficient to within 10%. …

Spectral Studies Of 9, 1 And 2-Methyl Anthroate And 2-Anthroic Acid, Thomas Glenn Matthews

Honors Theses

The substitution of a carboxyl group on the 9, 1 and 2-positions of anthracene produces several interesting changes in the characteristic spectral properties of the parent molecule. The absorption and fluorescence spectra, and fluorescence quantum yields of these carboxyl substituted anthracene compounds proved to be very solvent and position dependent. These spectra, quantum yields and related fluorescence lifetime data were used to determine the geometry of the ground and excited states for all three molecules. In the 9-position, molecular models and spectral evidence show that the plane of the carboxyl group is perpendicular to the plane of the ring in …

A Facile One Step Synthesis Of Some New 2-Hydroxy-4,6-Bis Aryl S-Triazines And Related Compounds, Howard Steven Grossberg

Honors Theses

In the past few years the symmetrical triazines have developed extreme importance in biochemical research as well as importance in industrial applications. In our research we have developed a facile, one-step synthesis of a number of 2-hydroxy-4, 6-bis aryl symmetrical triazines based upon the addition of the anion of urea and an aromatic nitrile, with the aryl group including a number of halogenated benzenes, pyridine, or benzene itself. The structure of these compounds has been proved by microanalysis and by both infra-red and mass spectroscopy. The further versatility of the synthesis has also been explored, and by replacing the urea …

Base Strength And Concentration Effects On Orientation In Elimination Reactions, Frederick Norman Preuninger

Honors Theses

The orientation of base promoted eliminations depends on several factors including base strength and size. Neither of these factors account for all of the observed results. A new factor, ion pairing of the base, is suggested. Results of elimination reactions using sodium benzoate derivatives are found to be consistent with this explanation. Kinetic data for an ion pair mechanism were sought but not obtained.

Stereoselectivity In Bis-1 (2-Pyridyl) Ethylaminecobalt (Iii), Richard Lindsay Wellman

Honors Theses

Recently Michelsen reported the synthesis of a new series of bis-chelated cobalt (III) compounds using 2-pyridylmethylamine (pm) as a bidentate ligand.4 Replacement of a methylene hydrogen of pm with a methyl group gives the optically active compound 1-(2-pyridyl) ethylamine (pa). Model studies show that when bound to a cobalt molecule, the ligand methyl group can assume either and axial or an equatorial position. On the basis of predictions by Corey and Bailar1 using the ligand 1, 2-diaminopropane, it was thought stereoselectively might be observed in the reaction of pa with cobalt. To determine if this was so Michelsen’s reactions were …

Dielectric Constants And Pair Interactions In Polar Molecules, Guy Nicholas Pultz

Honors Theses

Intermolecular interactions effect the physical properties of polar substances to varying degrees. One property for which there exists the possibility of separating out the various components of this interaction (pairs, triplets, etc.) is the total molar polarization of a substance. These effects are quite dependent upon temperature and pressure, so if one is going to make measurements over a large range of these variables, one must develop a system that is capable of handling the conditions. Along with this there must be the necessary instrumentation and other apparatus for measuring dielectric constants which define total molar polarization. In this thesis, …

The Synthesis Of Primary O-Substituted Hydroxylamines For The Study Of Nucleophilic Substitution At The Electrophilic Nitrogen Center, Richard Martin Sommer

Honors Theses

Within the past fifteen years bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reactions at the sp3 hybridized nitrogen center have been the topic of some investigation. The synthesis of 0-substituted hydroxylamines was undertaken in order to obtain substrates for the study of these substitution reactions. Mesitylenesulfonyl chloride and t-butyl N-hydroxycarbamate were reacted to form the N-blocked t-butyl N-mesitylenesulfonyloxycarbamate. Subsequent acid cleavage of the nitrogen blocking group with trifluoroacetic acid yielded 0-mesitylenesulfonylhydroxylamine. Unsuccessful kinetic studies of the reaction of iodide with 0-mesitylenesulfonylhydroxylamine are reported. Attempts to synthesize 0-(2, 4-dinitrophenyl) hydroxylamine utilizing t-butyl N-hydroxycarbamate and ethyl acetohydroxamate as a sources of N-blocked hydroxylamine failed. In both …

Sulfonium Salts, Aliphatic And Aromatic Diazonium Salts, Formation And Isolation, Geoffrey D. Picard

Honors Theses

An improved method for the preparation of diazonium salts was developed. Aliphatic diazonium salts were isolated for the first time. A method for their preparation was also worked out. The use of sulfonium salts as a route to deuteration of organic compounds was looked into.

Synthesis Of New Antimicrobial Agents, Michael John Burke

Honors Theses

Two new compounds have been synthesized in sufficient quantities to be tested for antimicrobial activity.

Determination Of The Lead Content Of Paint Chips Using The Lead Selective Electrode, Edward Jordan Morgan

Honors Theses

This study was undertaken to examine the feasibility of using the lead selective electrode to determine the lead content of paint chips. There is a need today, for a fast, inexpensive method for screening large numbers of paint chip samples. Chips containing hazardous levels of lead, e.g., 10% by weight, should be identified, so that steps may be taken to make them inaccessible to children. A laboratory report is frequently required, in order to justify the costly job of complete removal of the paint or covering with paneling. The lead selective electrode, which operates in a manner similar to that …

Hemorrhagic Component Of Northern Copperhead Venom, David Hill

Honors Theses

The major hemorrhagic component of northern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen) venom was partially purified by ion exchange and molecular sieve column chromatography. TAME and Phospholipase enzymatic activities were shown to be unrelated to hemorrhage. BAEE and procoagulant activities appear to be associated. Hide powder activity seems to correlate with hemorrhagic activity. Both show metal and disulfide dependences.

The northern copperhead, (Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen) is commonly found in forests from Massachusetts to Illinois, and in highlands as far south as Georgia and Alabama.

The venom of the northern copperhead has been reported to contain several en- zymatic activities as well as …

Principles Of Radioisotope Methodology, Gary Rothwell

Honors Theses

This honors project was designed for familiarization with modern instrumentation and experimentation methods for radioisotope detection and energy calculations. The two main instruments I studied were the Geiger-Mueller Counter and a single channel pulse height analyzer. This report will include a brief history of radiation and a description of the more important types. Next is a description of the two instruments mentioned and some simple experiments I conducted using them.