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Articles 151 - 180 of 1855
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Applying The Concept Of Thresholds In Ecotoxicology With Focus On The Joint Effects Of Habitat Fragmentation And Contamination, Marcos Krull
Applying The Concept Of Thresholds In Ecotoxicology With Focus On The Joint Effects Of Habitat Fragmentation And Contamination, Marcos Krull
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
A threshold can be defined as the point where small changes in an environmental driver produce an abrupt change within a biological system. These changes can occur at different levels of organization, from organisms to ecosystems. Although thresholds seem to be receiving more attention by ecotoxicologist, not much is known about how contaminants cause or affect thresholds at the landscape level, such as habitat fragmentation thresholds. Habitat fragmentation thresholds can occur due to rapid changes in the landscape structure after a certain amount of habitat is lost, which can cause abrupt effects on the movement of organisms, population abundance and …
Human Dimensions Of A Participatory, Collaborative Modeling Process - Oysterfutures, Taylor Dawn Goelz
Human Dimensions Of A Participatory, Collaborative Modeling Process - Oysterfutures, Taylor Dawn Goelz
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Participatory, collaborative modeling processes represent a unique decision-making technique within natural resources management that allows for the combination of stakeholder involvement with the analytical and predictive power of scientific models. The continued use of participatory modeling within decision-making processes depends in part upon the willingness of stakeholders to participate. Continued participation of stakeholders is key to the persistence and overall success of these processes, and yet limited information exists concerning the impacts of these processes on participants. The consideration of human dimensions advances our understanding of the design and function of participatory modeling processes, including their ability to create consensus …
Partitioning Of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants And Microbial Communities On Microplastics, Kelley Ann Uhlig
Partitioning Of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants And Microbial Communities On Microplastics, Kelley Ann Uhlig
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Microplastic contamination of aquatic environments has only recently caught the attention of scientists, regulators and the public. Microplastics are typically more recalcitrant than naturally occurring polymers and so have the potential to cause a range of issues, including increased exposure of marine life to chemical contaminants sorbed to or leached from microplastics, negative impacts due to ingestion of microplastics by biota, and the potential to carry and transport pathogenic and invasive species long distances. Bio-based, bio-degradable polymers have begun to gain market share as an alternative to traditional petrochemical-based plastics, but not much is known about their impacts in marine …
Gpgpu Reliability Analysis: From Applications To Large Scale Systems, Bin Nie
Gpgpu Reliability Analysis: From Applications To Large Scale Systems, Bin Nie
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Over the past decade, GPUs have become an integral part of mainstream high-performance computing (HPC) facilities. Since applications running on HPC systems are usually long-running, any error or failure could result in significant loss in scientific productivity and system resources. Even worse, since HPC systems face severe resilience challenges as progressing towards exascale computing, it is imperative to develop a better understanding of the reliability of GPUs. This dissertation fills this gap by providing an understanding of the effects of soft errors on the entire system and on specific applications. To understand system-level reliability, a large-scale study on GPU soft …
Topics In Proton Structure: Bsm Answers To Its Radius Puzzle And Lattice Subtleties Within Its Momentum Distribution, Michael Chaim Freid
Topics In Proton Structure: Bsm Answers To Its Radius Puzzle And Lattice Subtleties Within Its Momentum Distribution, Michael Chaim Freid
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This thesis covers two subjects, briefly outlined below, of hadronic physics. The proton radius puzzle and the muon anomalous magnetic moment discrepancy point to possible signs of lepton-universality violation. We introduce the context and background necessary to understand these two problems. And we analyze two suitable beyond-the-standard-model solutions, one vector-based and one scalar-based, which simultaneously solves both issues. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the parameter space of the respective solutions can be chosen so as to not be completely forbidden by considered experimental constraints. Specifically, we show that certain violations, analyzed by other authors in the context of similar solutions to …
Computational Graphics And Statistical Analysis: Mixed Type Random Variables, Confidence Regions, And Golden Quantile Rank Sets, Christopher Weld
Computational Graphics And Statistical Analysis: Mixed Type Random Variables, Confidence Regions, And Golden Quantile Rank Sets, Christopher Weld
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This dissertation has three principle areas of research: mixed type random variables, confidence regions, and golden quantile rank sets. While each offers a specific focus, some common themes persist; broadly stated, there are three. First, computational graphics play a critical role. Second, software development facilitates implementation and accessibility. Third, statistical analysis---often attributable to the aforementioned automation---provides valuable insights and applications. Each of the principle research areas are briefly summarized next. Mixed type random variables are a hybrid of continuous and discrete random variables, having components of both continuous probability density and discrete probability mass. This dissertation illustrates the challenges inherent …
Research On Efficiency And Security For Emerging Distributed Applications, Zijiang Hao
Research On Efficiency And Security For Emerging Distributed Applications, Zijiang Hao
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Distributed computing has never stopped its advancement since the early years of computer systems. In recent years, edge computing has emerged as an extension of cloud computing. The main idea of edge computing is to provide hardware resources in proximity to the end devices, thereby offering low network latency and high network bandwidth. However, as an emerging distributed computing paradigm, edge computing currently lacks effective system support. To this end, this dissertation studies the ways of building system support for edge computing. We first study how to support the existing, non-edge-computing applications in edge computing environments. This research leads to …
Learning Code Transformations Via Neural Machine Translation, Michele Tufano
Learning Code Transformations Via Neural Machine Translation, Michele Tufano
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Source code evolves – inevitably – to remain useful, secure, correct, readable, and efficient. Developers perform software evolution and maintenance activities by transforming existing source code via corrective, adaptive, perfective, and preventive changes. These code changes are usually managed and stored by a variety of tools and infrastructures such as version control, issue trackers, and code review systems. Software Evolution and Maintenance researchers have been mining these code archives in order to distill useful insights on the nature of such developers’ activities. One of the long-lasting goal of Software Engineering research is to better support and automate different types of …
Seasonal Variability Of The Co2-System Throughout The Chesapeake Bay Mainstem, Jaclyn Rain Friedman
Seasonal Variability Of The Co2-System Throughout The Chesapeake Bay Mainstem, Jaclyn Rain Friedman
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Declining water quality, in addition to hypoxia and eutrophication, may have a significant impact on the seasonality of biogeochemical parameters throughout the mainstem of the Chesapeake Bay. The carbonate (CO2) system in the Chesapeake Bay experiences seasonal and spatial complexities and is influenced by both natural and anthropogenic variability. Although site-specific studies investigating CO2-system variability exist within the Chesapeake Bay, few studies have investigated the seasonality of the CO2-system throughout the entire mainstem. Additionally, recent comprehensive studies investigating over 50 estuaries along the East Coast of the United States suggest that estuarine systems are heterotrophic and act as sources of …
Evolution Of The Genome-Wide Distribution Of Genes And Transposons, Ronald Dutilh Smith
Evolution Of The Genome-Wide Distribution Of Genes And Transposons, Ronald Dutilh Smith
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Genomes exhibit a striking amount of complexity across a broad range of scales. This includes variation in the spatial distribution of features such as genes and transposable elements (TEs), which is observed both between species and among individuals in natural and artificial populations. Additionally, all eukaryotes studied to date have had gene duplications occur in their evolutionary history. In this dissertation, we develop a statistical method for analyzing relative changes in the expression of duplicated genes. We show that this method performs better than could otherwise be achieved using traditional methods of differential gene expression analysis. We apply this method …
Global Shipping Container Monitoring Using Machine Learning With Multi-Sensor Hubs And Catadioptric Imaging, Victor Esteban Trujillo
Global Shipping Container Monitoring Using Machine Learning With Multi-Sensor Hubs And Catadioptric Imaging, Victor Esteban Trujillo
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
We describe a framework for global shipping container monitoring using machine learning with multi-sensor hubs and infrared catadioptric imaging. A wireless mesh radio satellite tag architecture provides connectivity anywhere in the world which is a significant improvement to legacy methods. We discuss the design and testing of a low-cost long-wave infrared catadioptric imaging device and multi-sensor hub combination as an intelligent edge computing system that, when equipped with physics-based machine learning algorithms, can interpret the scene inside a shipping container to make efficient use of expensive communications bandwidth. The histogram of oriented gradients and T-channel (HOG+) feature as introduced for …
Exploring New Paradigms For Mobile Edge Computing, Yutao Tang
Exploring New Paradigms For Mobile Edge Computing, Yutao Tang
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Edge computing has been rapidly growing in recent years to meet the surging demands from mobile apps and Internet of Things (IoT). Similar to the Cloud, edge computing provides computation, storage, data, and application services to the end-users. However, edge computing is usually deployed at the edge of the network, which can provide low-latency and high-bandwidth services for end devices. So far, edge computing is still not widely adopted. One significant challenge is that the edge computing environment is usually heterogeneous, involving various operating systems and platforms, which complicates app development and maintenance. in this dissertation, we explore to combine …
Probe Of Electroweak Interference Effects In Non-Resonant Inelastic Electron-Proton Scattering, James Franklyn Dowd
Probe Of Electroweak Interference Effects In Non-Resonant Inelastic Electron-Proton Scattering, James Franklyn Dowd
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The Qweak collaboration at Jefferson Lab made the first direct measurement of the proton's weak charge, Q_W^p, via a measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in elastic e ⃑p scattering with low four-momentum transfer. to meet the high-precision goals, energy-dependent electroweak radiative corrections were applied to the measured asymmetry. The γZ box, □_γZ, where a photon and a Z-boson are simultaneously exchanged, was the most problematic of these corrections. It could not be calculated through the same perturbative methods as the rest of the corrections. The □_γZ correction depends on theoretical models of the γZ interference structure functions, F_1,2^γZ, for which …
Development Of Large-Scale Unstructured Grid Storm Surge And Sub-Grid Inundation Models For Coastal Applications, Zhuo Liu
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Storm surge and inundation induced by hurricanes and nor'easters pose a profound threat to coastal communities and ecosystems. These storm events with powerful winds, heavy precipitation, and strong wind waves can lead to major flooding for cities along U.S. Coasts. Recent examples of Hurricane Irene (2011) in North Carolina and Virginia and Hurricane Sandy (2012) in New York City not only demonstrated the immense destructive power by the storms, but also revealed the obvious, crucial need for improved forecasting of storm tide and inundation. in part I, a large-scale unstructured-grid 3-D barotropic storm tide model SCHISM (Semi-implicit Cross-scale Hydroscience Integrated …
Impact Of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation On Water Quality In Cache Slough Complex, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: A Numerical Modeling Study, Xun Cai
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) plays a significant role in many aquatic systems, and impacts both physical and ecological quantities. It can baffle currents, attenuate waves, recycle nitrogen and phosphorus from the sediment bed, perform ecosystem function as a primary producer, and provide critical habitat for many aquatic species. Conversely, the invasive SAV, Egeria densa (Brazilian waterweed), in the San Francisco Bay & Delta has been a nuisance since its introduction into the system in the 1960s. It has displaced most of the native submersed aquatic plant species in the Delta and restructured the ecosystem, thus threatening the survival of several …
Exotic Phases In Attractive Fermions: Charge Order, Pairing, And Topological Signatures, Peter Rosenberg
Exotic Phases In Attractive Fermions: Charge Order, Pairing, And Topological Signatures, Peter Rosenberg
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Strongly interacting many-body systems remain a central challenge of modern physics. Recent developments in the field of ultra-cold atomic physics have opened a new window onto this enduring problem. Experimental progress has revolutionized the approach to studying many-body systems and the exotic behaviors that emerge in these systems. It is now possible to engineer and directly measure a variety of models that can capture the essential features of real materials without the added complexity of disorder, impurities, or complicated or irregular geometries. The parameters of these models can be freely tuned with tremendous precision. These experimental realizations are an ideal …
Quantifying And Explaining Causal Effects Of World Bank Aid Projects, Jianing Simulation Zhao
Quantifying And Explaining Causal Effects Of World Bank Aid Projects, Jianing Simulation Zhao
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
In recent years, machine learning methods have enabled us to predict with good precision using large training data, such as deep learning. However, for many problems, we care more about causality than prediction. For example, instead of knowing that smoking is statistically associated with lung cancer, we are more interested in knowing that smoking is the cause of lung cancer. With causality, we can understand how the world progresses and how impacts are made on an outcome by influencing the cause. This thesis explores how to quantify the causal effects of a treatment on an observable outcome in the presence …
Computational Investigations Of The Structure And Spectroscopy Of Small Biomolecules In The Gas Phase, Zachary Michael Smith
Computational Investigations Of The Structure And Spectroscopy Of Small Biomolecules In The Gas Phase, Zachary Michael Smith
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Small biomolecule systems were interrogated using infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) action spectroscopy and corresponding quantum chemical calculations with a particular focus on peptide fragmentation and protonation site preference. b2+ and b3+ fragment ions with a terminal lysine homolog residue were investigated using IRMPD in the fingerprint region (1000 cm-1 – 2000 cm-1) and a variety of computational methods. We present the first spectroscopic confirmation of b-ion formation with a lactam structure. Infrared spectra for b2+ fragment system indicate the presence of a mixture of structures, though final determination will require further investigation. The b3+ fragment ion infrared spectra show …
A Measurement Of Nuclear Effects In Deep Inelastic Scattering In Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions, Anne Norrick
A Measurement Of Nuclear Effects In Deep Inelastic Scattering In Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions, Anne Norrick
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Neutrino-Nucleus Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) events provide a probe into the structure of nucleons within a nucleus that cannot be accessed via charged lepton-nucleus interactions. The MINERvA experiment is stationed in the Neutrinos from the Main Injector (NuMI) beam line at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. With the recent increase in average neutrino energy and the greatly increased intensity of the NuMI beam line, projected sensitivities for DIS cross section ratio analyses using MINERvA's suite of nuclear targets (C, CH, Fe and Pb) are greatly increased. an analysis of theMINERvA DIS data on carbon, iron, lead, and plastic has been conducted …
Dynamics Of Systems With Hamiltonian Monodromy, Daniel Salmon
Dynamics Of Systems With Hamiltonian Monodromy, Daniel Salmon
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
A system is said to have monodromy if, when we carry the system around a closed circuit, it does not return to its initial state. The simplest example is the square-root function in the complex plane. A Hamiltonian system is said to have Hamiltonian monodromy if its fundamental action-angle loops do not return to their initial topological state at the end of a closed circuit. These changes in topology of angle loops carry through to other aspects of these systems, including the classical dynamics of families of trajectories, quantum spectra and even wavefunctions. This topological change in the evolution of …
Extensions Of The Standard Model Higgs Sector, Richard Keith Thrasher
Extensions Of The Standard Model Higgs Sector, Richard Keith Thrasher
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The Standard Model is regarded as one of the most successful scientific theories, but there is compelling evidence that it is an incomplete theory of particle physics. There is currently no understanding of the observed baryon asymmetry, the nature of dark matter, and dark energy. Field theoretic considerations indicate parameters in the Standard Model are extremely fine-tuned. This suggests the existence of new physics, accessible at higher energies, to explain these seemingly unnatural tunings. to solve these puzzles, and others not addressed by the Standard Model, many extensions of the Standard Model have been proposed. It is of great importance …
Investigating Emerging Security Threats In Clouds And Data Centers, Xing Gao
Investigating Emerging Security Threats In Clouds And Data Centers, Xing Gao
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Data centers have been growing rapidly in recent years to meet the surging demand of cloud services. However, the expanding scale of a data center also brings new security threats. This dissertation studies emerging security issues in clouds and data centers from different aspects, including low-level cooling infrastructures and different virtualization techniques such as container and virtual machine (VM). We first unveil a new vulnerability called reduced cooling redundancy that might be exploited to launch thermal attacks, resulting in severely worsened thermal conditions in a data center. Such a vulnerability is caused by the wide adoption of aggressive cooling energy …
Usability, Efficiency And Security Of Personal Computing Technologies, Nancy Carter
Usability, Efficiency And Security Of Personal Computing Technologies, Nancy Carter
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
New personal computing technologies such as smartphones and personal fitness trackers are widely integrated into user lifestyles. Users possess a wide range of skills, attributes and backgrounds. It is important to understand user technology practices to ensure that new designs are usable and productive. Conversely, it is important to leverage our understanding of user characteristics to optimize new technology efficiency and effectiveness. Our work initially focused on studying older users, and personal fitness tracker users. We applied the insights from these investigations to develop new techniques improving user security protections, computational efficiency, and also enhancing the user experience. We offer …
Understanding And Enriching Randomness Within Resource-Constrained Devices, Kyle Wallace
Understanding And Enriching Randomness Within Resource-Constrained Devices, Kyle Wallace
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Random Number Generators (RNG) find use throughout all applications of computing, from high level statistical modeling all the way down to essential security primitives. A significant amount of prior work has investigated this space, as a poorly performing generator can have significant impacts on algorithms that rely on it. However, recent explosive growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought forth a class of devices for which common RNG algorithms may not provide an optimal solution. Furthermore, new hardware creates opportunities that have not yet been explored with these devices. in this Dissertation, we present research fostering deeper understanding …
Evaluation Of Population Structure And The Interspecific Relationship Of Striped Marlin (Kajikia Audax) And White Marlin (K. Albida) Based On Traditional Or Genome-Wide Molecular Markers, Nadya Mamoozadeh
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The istiophorid billfishes (marlins, spearfishes, and sailfish) are highly migratory pelagic fishes exhibiting broad and continuous spatial distributions in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. These species are targeted by a number of recreational, commercial, artisanal, and subsistence fisheries worldwide, and are also caught as bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries targeting tunas and swordfish. Though stock assessments have not been conducted for all istiophorids, assessments available for some species indicate that many istiophorid stocks are overfished and/or experiencing overfishing. However, the development of stock-specific recovery efforts is often impeded by a lack of information on basic species biology, including stock …
Iron Polypyridyl Catalysts Assembled On Metal Oxide Semiconductors For Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation, Nicholas Race
Iron Polypyridyl Catalysts Assembled On Metal Oxide Semiconductors For Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation, Nicholas Race
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Artificial Photosynthesis (AP) provides a promising method for the conversion of solar energy to chemical fuel in the form of H2 and O2. Development of heterogeneous systems in which H2 evolution catalysts are immobilized on metal oxide semiconductors is imperative for the large-scale implementation of AP systems. This research focuses on the immobilization of an active H2 evolution catalyst on large band gap semiconductors for the development and optimization of a highly active photocatalytic H2 generation system.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Studies Of Organic Dyes For Art Conservation And Ph Sensing Applications, Shelle Nicholle Butler
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Studies Of Organic Dyes For Art Conservation And Ph Sensing Applications, Shelle Nicholle Butler
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique with widespread applications. In this work, SERS applications in the realms of art conservation and biosensing are reviewed. First, the theory of this unambiguous and ultrasensitive technique is explained. Next, a review of the pedagogical journey in art conservation research through the lenses of undergraduates is offered in Chapter 2, a chapter recently submitted to the American Chemical Society. Finally, an investigation in biosensing SERS is explored with developing a SERS pH sensitive probe while offering new insight into SERS capabilities and the relationship between analyte and nanoparticle.
Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensors In Aqueous Environments, Matthew August Mccarron
Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensors In Aqueous Environments, Matthew August Mccarron
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPN) doped with a mercury sensitive dye are able to detect ion concentrations as low as a parts-per-billion within an aqueous environment. Select forms of spirolatam rhodamine dye are capable of selectively undergoing a ring-opening reaction in response to Hg2+ ions. The initial closed form presents as a colorless, non-fluorescent, compound while the opened form results in a colored and highly fluorescent form. The CPNs are also fluorescent, yet at a lower wavelength and can transfer of their energy into the dye molecules via Förster resonance energy transfer. The dye’s reaction with Hg2+ goes unhindered by the …
Effect Of Pigment Volume Concentration On Physical And Chemical Properties Of Acrylic Emulsion Paints Assessed Using Single-Sided Nmr, Mary Therese Rooney
Effect Of Pigment Volume Concentration On Physical And Chemical Properties Of Acrylic Emulsion Paints Assessed Using Single-Sided Nmr, Mary Therese Rooney
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Acrylic emulsion paint is one of the most common media employed by 20th century painters. Since early acrylic paintings have begun to require the attention of conservators, scientists are working to characterize the properties of these paints to facilitate conservation efforts. In this study, we report an investigation of the physical and chemical properties of acrylic emulsion paints using single-sided NMR in conjunction with gloss measurements and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry. Combining the data from these techniques gives insight into pigment-binder interactions and the acrylic curing process, showing that as pigment concentration is increased in paints, …
Searching For A Dark Photon In The Hps Experiment, Sebouh Jacob Paul
Searching For A Dark Photon In The Hps Experiment, Sebouh Jacob Paul
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The Heavy Photon Search (HPS) experiment at Jefferson Lab is designed to search for a hypothesized elementary particle called a dark (heavy) photon. Such a particle would behave as a mediator between dark matter and the Standard Model through a kinetic mixing with the Standard Model’s photon. The search is performed by scattering GeV-scale electrons off tungsten nuclei in a fixed target and looking for a resonance and/or displaced vertices amidst a background of radiative QED trident events. These background events are kinematically identical to the events in which dark photons are produced and decay into lepton pairs. Several other …