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Articles 31 - 60 of 107
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Can Ethanol Affect The Cell Structure - A Dynamic Molecular And Raman Spectroscopy Study, Luis Felipe Carvalho, Laurita Dos Santos, Kate O'Callaghan, Franck Bonnier, Steven Flint, Fiona Lyng, Hugh Byrne
Can Ethanol Affect The Cell Structure - A Dynamic Molecular And Raman Spectroscopy Study, Luis Felipe Carvalho, Laurita Dos Santos, Kate O'Callaghan, Franck Bonnier, Steven Flint, Fiona Lyng, Hugh Byrne
Articles
The role that tobacco consumption plays in the etiology of oral cancer carcinogenesis, and of alcohol consumption acting as a co-factor, have been well established. However, in recent years, the contribution of alcohol consumption alone to oral cancer has been proposed. In fact, a high percentage of patients who develop oral cancer have both habits (tobacco and alcohol consumption), and other small patient groups only consume alcohol or do not have any other identifiable bad habits. In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time, using a combination of dynamic molecular modelling and Raman spectroscopy, that ethanol has a …
Beyond Reasonable Doubt: A Proposal For Undecidedness Blocking In Abstract Argumentation, Pierpaolo Dondio, Luca Longo
Beyond Reasonable Doubt: A Proposal For Undecidedness Blocking In Abstract Argumentation, Pierpaolo Dondio, Luca Longo
Articles
In Dung’s abstract semantics, the label undecided is always propagated from the attacker to the attacked argument, unless the latter is also attacked by an accepted argument. In this work we propose undecidedness blocking abstract argumentation semantics where the undecided label is confined to the strong connected component where it was generated and it is not propagated to the other parts of the argumentation graph. We show how undecidedness blocking is a fundamental reasoning pattern absent in abstract argumentation but present in similar fashion in the ambiguity blocking semantics of Defeasible logic, in the beyond reasonable doubt legal principle or …
Preface To The Special Issue On Advances In Argumentation In Artificial Intelligence, Pierpaolo Dondio, Luca Longo, Stefano Bistarelli
Preface To The Special Issue On Advances In Argumentation In Artificial Intelligence, Pierpaolo Dondio, Luca Longo, Stefano Bistarelli
Articles
Now at the forefront of automated reasoning, argumentation has become a key research topic within Artificial Intelligence. It involves the investigation of those activities for the production and exchange of arguments, where arguments are attempts to persuade someone of something by giving reasons for accepting a particular conclusion or claim as evident. The study of argumentation has been the focus of attention of philosophers and scholars, from Aristotle and classical rhetoric to the present day. The computational study of arguments has emerged as a field of research in AI in the last two decades, mainly fuelled by the interest from …
In Their Shoes: A Structured Analysis Of Job Demands, Resources, Work Experiences, And Platform Commitment Of Crowdworkers In China, Yihong Wang, Konstantinos Papangelis, Ioanna Lykourentzou, Hai-Ning Liang, Irwyn Sadien, Evangelia Demerouti, Vassilis-Javed Khan
In Their Shoes: A Structured Analysis Of Job Demands, Resources, Work Experiences, And Platform Commitment Of Crowdworkers In China, Yihong Wang, Konstantinos Papangelis, Ioanna Lykourentzou, Hai-Ning Liang, Irwyn Sadien, Evangelia Demerouti, Vassilis-Javed Khan
Articles
Despite the growing interest in crowdsourcing, this new labor model has recently received severe criticism. The most important point of this criticism is that crowdworkers are often underpaid and overworked. This severely affects job satisfaction and productivity. Although there is a growing body of evidence exploring the work experiences of crowdworkers in various countries, there have been a very limited number of studies to the best of our knowledge exploring the work experiences of Chinese crowdworkers. In this paper we aim to address this gap. Based on a framework of well-established approaches, namely the Job Demands-Resources model, the Work Design …
Determination Of Integrity, Stability And Density Of The Dna Layers Immobilised At Glassy Carbon And Gold Electrodes Using Ferrocyanide, John Colleran, Anna Banasiak
Determination Of Integrity, Stability And Density Of The Dna Layers Immobilised At Glassy Carbon And Gold Electrodes Using Ferrocyanide, John Colleran, Anna Banasiak
Articles
The technique chosen to immobilise DNA onto electrodes can determine the density and stability of the resultant immobilised layer. DNA‐modified electrodes were prepared using four common DNA immobilisation methods and characterised using ferrocyanide. The negatively charged DNA strands should repel ferrocyanide anions. The DNA layers created using adsorption at glassy carbon electrodes were unstable, while those created through chemisorption of thiol‐modified DNA onto gold electrodes were repeatable and stable, and returned, on average, 94 % repulsion of the probe. The presented results show how the immobilisation protocol, and DNA type, affects the stability, repeatability, and integrity of resultant DNA layers.
Structural Annotation Of Electro- And Photochemically Generated Transformation Products Of Moxidectin Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Lisa Kotthoff, Sarah-Louise O'Callaghan, Jan Lisec, Tanja Schwerdtle, Matthias Koch
Structural Annotation Of Electro- And Photochemically Generated Transformation Products Of Moxidectin Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Lisa Kotthoff, Sarah-Louise O'Callaghan, Jan Lisec, Tanja Schwerdtle, Matthias Koch
Articles
Moxidectin (MOX) is a widely used anthelmintic drug for the treatment of internal and external parasites in food-producing and companion animals. Transformation products (TPs) of MOX, formed through metabolic degradation or acid hydrolysis, may pose a potential environmental risk, but only few were identified so far. In this study, we therefore systematically characterized electro- and photochemically generated MOX TPs using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Oxidative electrochemical (EC) TPs were generated in an electrochemical reactor and photochemical (PC) TPs by irradiation with UV-C light. Subsequent HRMS measurements were performed to identify accurate masses and deduce occurring modification reactions of derived TPs …
The Fabrication And Properties Of Magnetorheological Elastomers Employing Bio-Inspired Dopamine Modified Carbonyl Iron Particles, Yanfen Zhou, Lele Li, Wenyue Li, Shipeng Wen, Liang Jiang, Stephen Jerrams, Jianwei Ma, Shaojuan Chen
The Fabrication And Properties Of Magnetorheological Elastomers Employing Bio-Inspired Dopamine Modified Carbonyl Iron Particles, Yanfen Zhou, Lele Li, Wenyue Li, Shipeng Wen, Liang Jiang, Stephen Jerrams, Jianwei Ma, Shaojuan Chen
Articles
To obtain magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) with improved mechanical properties and exhibiting an enhanced magnetorheological (MR) effect, bio-inspired dopamine modification has been used to improve the functionality at the surface of carbonyl iron (CI) particles. Various techniques including x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to confirm that a polydopamine (PDA) layer of about 27.5 nm had been successfully deposited on the surface of the carbonyl iron particles prior to their inclusion in the MRE composites. The magnetic properties of PDA modified CI particles were shown to be almost the same as those …
Β-Methylumbelliferone Surface Modification And Permeability Investigations At Pentel™ Graphite Electrodes, Susan Warren, Brian Seddon, Ruth Pilkington, Alison Crossely, Philip Holdway, Eithne Dempsey
Β-Methylumbelliferone Surface Modification And Permeability Investigations At Pentel™ Graphite Electrodes, Susan Warren, Brian Seddon, Ruth Pilkington, Alison Crossely, Philip Holdway, Eithne Dempsey
Articles
Electrochemical and micro-imaging analysis of a commercial graphite-composite material is presented following electro-oxidation with β-methylumbelliferone. Charge-transfer surface modification was observed for the graphite electrode, presumed to have arisen from adsorbed interfacial umbelliferone moieties. The molecular permeability of the new surface towards a range of similar, yet size-variable (23 Å3–136 Å3) molecular redox probes is discussed. Red-shift fluorescence in confocal microscopy offers further support for the presence of a surface-bound umbelliferone layer. An SEM-platinum profiling technique was used as an imaging tool to map the umbelliferone surface and size-distribution of electroactive sites.
Enhanced Covalent Interface, Crosslinked Network And Gas Barrier Property Of Functionalized Graphene Oxide/Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Composites Triggered By Thiol-Ene Click Reaction, Long Zheng, Stephen Jerrams, Tian Su, Zongchao Xu, Liqun Zhang, Li Liu, Shipeng Wen
Enhanced Covalent Interface, Crosslinked Network And Gas Barrier Property Of Functionalized Graphene Oxide/Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Composites Triggered By Thiol-Ene Click Reaction, Long Zheng, Stephen Jerrams, Tian Su, Zongchao Xu, Liqun Zhang, Li Liu, Shipeng Wen
Articles
The high gas barrier property of a rubber composite is of great significance for reducing the exhaust gas emissions due to tire rolling resistance and hence the contribution this factor makes to environmental protection. Enhanced covalent interfaces and crosslinked networks are crucial to the gas barrier property of rubber composites. In this research, γ-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (MPS) modified GO (MGO)/styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) composites were prepared by a synergetic strategy of latex compounding method and thiol-ene click reaction. It was found that the mercapto groups in MGO reacted with the vinyl groups in SBR molecules through thiol-ene click reaction during the crosslinking process …
Quantitative Analysis Of Human Blood Serum Using Vibrational Spectroscopy., Hugh Byrne, Franck Bonnier, Jennifer Mcintyre, Drishya Rajan Parachalil
Quantitative Analysis Of Human Blood Serum Using Vibrational Spectroscopy., Hugh Byrne, Franck Bonnier, Jennifer Mcintyre, Drishya Rajan Parachalil
Articles
Analysis of bodily fluids using vibrational spectroscopy has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In particular, infrared spectroscopic screening of blood products, particularly blood serum, for disease diagnostics has been advanced considerably, attracting commercial interests. However, analyses requiring quantification of endogenous constituents or exogenous agents in blood are less well advanced. Recent advances towards this end are reviewed, focussing on infrared and Raman spectroscopic analyses of human blood serum. The importance of spectroscopic analysis in the native aqueous environment is highlighted, and the relative merits of infrared absorption versus Raman spectroscopy are considered, in this context. It is argued that …
Quantification Of Low-Content Encapsulated Active Cosmetic Ingredients In Complex Semi-Solid Formulations By Means Of Attenuated Total Reflectance-Infrared Spectroscopy, Franck Bonnier, Lynda Miloudi, Sandra Henry, Dominique Bertrand, Clovis Tauber, Xavier Perse, Florent Yvergnaux, Hugh Byrne, Igor Chourpa, Emilie Munnier
Quantification Of Low-Content Encapsulated Active Cosmetic Ingredients In Complex Semi-Solid Formulations By Means Of Attenuated Total Reflectance-Infrared Spectroscopy, Franck Bonnier, Lynda Miloudi, Sandra Henry, Dominique Bertrand, Clovis Tauber, Xavier Perse, Florent Yvergnaux, Hugh Byrne, Igor Chourpa, Emilie Munnier
Articles
Attenuated total reflectance-infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy is a robust tool for molecular characterisation of matter. Applied to semi-solid formulations, it enables rapid and reliable data collection without pre-analytical requirements. Based on nano-encapsulated Omegalight®, a skin-lightening active cosmetic ingredient (ACI), incorporated in a hydrogel, it is first demonstrated that, despite the high water content and the chemical complexity of the samples (i.e. number of ingredients), the spectral features of the ACI can be detected and monitored. Secondly, with a total of 105 samples divided into a training set (n = 60) and an unknown set (n = 45) covering a …
Multimodal Vibrational Studies Of Drug Uptake In Vitro: Is The Whole Greater Than The Sum Of Their Parts?, David Perezguaita, Karolina Chrabaszcz, Kamilla Malek, Hugh Byrne
Multimodal Vibrational Studies Of Drug Uptake In Vitro: Is The Whole Greater Than The Sum Of Their Parts?, David Perezguaita, Karolina Chrabaszcz, Kamilla Malek, Hugh Byrne
Articles
Herein, we investigated the use of multimodal Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopic microscopy for the elucidation of drug uptake and subsequent cellular responses. Firstly, we compared different methods for the analysis of the combined data. Secondly, we evaluated whether the combined analysis provided enough benefits to justify the fusion of the data. A459 cells inoculated with doxorubicin (DOX) at different times were fixed and analysed using each technique. Raman spectroscopy provided high sensitivity to DOX and enabled an accurate estimation of the drug uptake at each time point, whereas IR provided a better insight into the resultant changes in the …
Raman Mapping Coupled To Self Modelling Mcr-Als Analysis To Estimate Active Cosmetic Ingredient Penetration Profile In Skin, Aline Stella, Franck Bonnier, Ali Tfayli, Florent Yvergnaux, Hugh Byrne, Igor Chourpa, Emilie Munnier, Clovis Tauber
Raman Mapping Coupled To Self Modelling Mcr-Als Analysis To Estimate Active Cosmetic Ingredient Penetration Profile In Skin, Aline Stella, Franck Bonnier, Ali Tfayli, Florent Yvergnaux, Hugh Byrne, Igor Chourpa, Emilie Munnier, Clovis Tauber
Articles
Confocal Raman mapping (CRM) is a powerful, label free, non-destructive tool, enabling molecular characterization of human skin with applications in the dermo-cosmetic field. Coupling CRM to multivariate analysis can be used to monitor the penetration and permeation of active cosmetic ingredients (ACI) after topical application. It is presently illustrated how multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) can be applied to detect and semi-quantitatively describe the diffusion profile of Delipidol, a commercially available slimming ACI, from Raman spectral maps. Although the analysis outcome can be critically dependent on the a priori selection of the number of regression components, it is …
Liposomal Encapsulation Of Silver Nanoparticles (Agnp) Improved Nanoparticle Uptake And Induced Redox Imbalance To Activate Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis, Azeez Yusuf, Alan Casey
Liposomal Encapsulation Of Silver Nanoparticles (Agnp) Improved Nanoparticle Uptake And Induced Redox Imbalance To Activate Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis, Azeez Yusuf, Alan Casey
Articles
Macrophages play a crucial role in several diseases’ development and progression, such as in cancer and arthritis through ROS generation and infammation. This makes macrophages a therapeutic target in these diseases. While silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have been widely used as an antibacterial and investigated as anticancer, its potential against macrophages may be limited due to its inherent oxidative mechanism. Here we encapsulated AgNP in a dipalmitoyl-phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) liposome (forming Lipo-AgNP) to suppress AgNP-induced ROS and enhance its cytotoxicity against THP1-diferentiated macrophages (TDM). Our fndings showed that while Lipo-AgNP had signifcantly more of a cytotoxic efect on TDMs (p<0.01), it also signifcantly suppressed AgNP induced ROS generation and unexpectedly suppressed reduced glutathione (GSH) levels (p<0.05) resulting in a redox imbalance in comparison to the unexposed control TDMs. Lipo-AgNP was also found to cause an increase DNA damage through H2AX histone phosphorylation and inhibition of Bcl-2 protein expression. This increased the Bax/Bcl2 ratio causing possible release of cytochrome C and subsequent caspase 3/7-dependent apoptosis. It was found that the diference between the mechanism of AgNP and Lipo-AgNP cytotoxicity may have been through the signifcantly increased Lipo-AgNP uptake by the TDMs as early as 30 min post-exposure (p<0.05), changing the nanoparticle pharmacokinetic. In conclusion, the improved uptake of AgNP within the liposome caused ROS-independent caspase activation induced by Lipo-AgNP and this was facilitated by increased DNA damage, the induced redox imbalance and an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.
High-Sensitivity Temperature Sensor Based On Anti-Resonance In High-Index Polymer-Coated Optical Fiber Interferometers, Xiaokang Lian, Qiang Wu, Gerald Farrell, Yuliya Semenova
High-Sensitivity Temperature Sensor Based On Anti-Resonance In High-Index Polymer-Coated Optical Fiber Interferometers, Xiaokang Lian, Qiang Wu, Gerald Farrell, Yuliya Semenova
Articles
Compared to the multimode interference (MMI) effect, the anti-resonance (AR) effect does not rely on the multimode property of the optical waveguide. This Letter shows that fiber bending can suppress the MMI and can break the superposition of AR spectra of multiple modes in a high-index polymer-coated optical fiber interferometer based on a single-mode fiber-polymer-coated no-core fiber-single-mode fiber hetero-structure. This results in the dominance of the AR spectrum of an individual mode and consequently in periodic sharp transmission dips. As a result of this phenomenon and large thermo-optical and thermal expansion coefficients of the polymer, a compact, high-sensitivity and linear …
Simultaneous Measurement Of Displacement And Temperature Based On Two Cascaded Balloon-Like Bent Fibre Structures, Ke Tian, Ruoning Wang, Meng Zhang, Xiafan Wang, Xin Wang, Guoyong Jin, Elfed Lewis, Gerald Farrell, Pengfei Wang
Simultaneous Measurement Of Displacement And Temperature Based On Two Cascaded Balloon-Like Bent Fibre Structures, Ke Tian, Ruoning Wang, Meng Zhang, Xiafan Wang, Xin Wang, Guoyong Jin, Elfed Lewis, Gerald Farrell, Pengfei Wang
Articles
A low-cost optical fibre sensor based on two cascaded balloon-like bent fibre (BBF) structures for simultaneous displacement and temperature measurement is reported. The sensor is fabricated by cascading two balloon-like bent single-mode fibres (SMFs) which with different bending radii, generating two separate interference dips within a limited wavelength range. The wavelength of the two interference dips exhibits different responses to external displacement and temperature variations, hence simultaneous measurement of displacement and temperature is realized. Experimental results show that the proposed optical fibre sensor achieves a displacement sensitivity of −318.8 pm/μm and a temperature sensitivity of 47.4 pm/°C. Taking advantage of …
Microfluidic Flow Direction And Rate Vector Sensor Based On A Partially Gold-Coated Tfbg, Changyu Shen, Dejun Liu, Xiaokang Lian, Tingting Lang, Chunliu Zhao, Yuliya Semenova, Jacques Albert
Microfluidic Flow Direction And Rate Vector Sensor Based On A Partially Gold-Coated Tfbg, Changyu Shen, Dejun Liu, Xiaokang Lian, Tingting Lang, Chunliu Zhao, Yuliya Semenova, Jacques Albert
Articles
In microfluidic chips applications, the monitoring of the rate and the direction of a microfluidic flow is very important. Here, we demonstrate a liquid flow rate and a direction sensor using a partially gold-coated tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) as the sensing element. Wavelength shifts and amplitude changes of the TFBG transmission resonances in the near infrared reveal the direction of the liquid flowing along the fiber axis in the vicinity of the TFBG due to a nanoscale gold layer over part of the TFBG. For a device length of 10 mm (and a diameter of 125 µm for easy …
Nis2 As A Broadband Saturable Absorber For Ultrafast Pulse Lasers, Pengfei Wang, Han Zhang, Yu Yin, Qiuyun Ouyang, Yujin Chen, Elfed Lewis, Gerald Farrell, Masaki Tokurakawa, Sulaiman Wadi Harun, Cong Wang, Shi Li
Nis2 As A Broadband Saturable Absorber For Ultrafast Pulse Lasers, Pengfei Wang, Han Zhang, Yu Yin, Qiuyun Ouyang, Yujin Chen, Elfed Lewis, Gerald Farrell, Masaki Tokurakawa, Sulaiman Wadi Harun, Cong Wang, Shi Li
Articles
Nickel disulfide (NiS2) has recently been found to possess strong nonlinear saturable absorption properties. This feature is highly attractive for nonlinear photonics applications. Ultrafast pulse generation is successfully demonstrated in this article for both Ytterbium- and Erbium-doped fibre lasers using micro-fibre deposited nickel disulfide (NiS2) as a saturable absorber (SA). The fabricated SA device has a modulation depth of 23% at 1.06 μm and 30.8% at 1.55 μm. Stable dissipative soliton operation was achieved at 1064.5 nm with a pulse duration of 11.7 ps and another stable conventional soliton pulse train was also obtained at 1560.2 nm with a pulse …
Intense Mid-Infrared Emission At 3.9 Μm In Ho3+-Doped Zbya Glasses For Potential Use As A Fiber Laser, Haiyan Zhao, Ruicong Wang, Xin Wang, Shijie Jia, Yaxian Fan, Elfed Lewis, Gerald Farrell, Shunbin Wang, Pengfei Wang
Intense Mid-Infrared Emission At 3.9 Μm In Ho3+-Doped Zbya Glasses For Potential Use As A Fiber Laser, Haiyan Zhao, Ruicong Wang, Xin Wang, Shijie Jia, Yaxian Fan, Elfed Lewis, Gerald Farrell, Shunbin Wang, Pengfei Wang
Articles
Intense mid-infrared emission at 3.9 µm in Ho3+-doped ZBYA glasses with direct upper laser level (Ho3+ : 5 I5) pumping at a wavelength of 888 nm is reported for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Spectroscopic parameters were determined using the Judd–Ofelt theory and the measured absorption spectrum. The maximum emission cross section of the Ho3+-doped ZBYA glass is estimated to be 2.7 × 10−21 cm2 at 3906 nm. Additionally, fluorescence spectra and lifetimes of ZBYA glasses with different Ho3+ ion doping concentrations were measured. The results provide theoretical and experimental basis for better selection of rare-earth-doped …
A Comparison Of High-End Methods For Topographic Modelling Of A Coastal Dune Complex, Chen Suo, Eugene Mcgovern, Alan Gilmer, Conor Cahalane
A Comparison Of High-End Methods For Topographic Modelling Of A Coastal Dune Complex, Chen Suo, Eugene Mcgovern, Alan Gilmer, Conor Cahalane
Articles
In recent years, increasing tourism and development in the coastal dune area of the South East of Ireland have resulted in greater pressure on the environment, resulting in issues including soil erosion, flooding and habitat loss. Topographic mapping across a dune field is important for the development of targeted land management actions that maintain biodiversity and ecological functions. Developments in surveying technology, including LiDAR, terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) and aerial surveying from Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS), have enabled high-resolution and high-accuracy spatial data to be gathered quickly and relatively easily for 3D topographic modelling of a coastal dune complex. …
Advancement Of Predictive Modeling Of Zeta Potentials (Ζ) In Metal Oxide Nanoparticles With Correlation Intensity Index (Cii), Andrey A. Toropov, Natalia Sizochenko, Alla P. Toropova, Danuta Leszczynska, Jerzy Leszczynski
Advancement Of Predictive Modeling Of Zeta Potentials (Ζ) In Metal Oxide Nanoparticles With Correlation Intensity Index (Cii), Andrey A. Toropov, Natalia Sizochenko, Alla P. Toropova, Danuta Leszczynska, Jerzy Leszczynski
Articles
It was expected that index of the ideality of correlation (IIC) and correlation intensity index (CII) could be used as possible tools to improve the predictive power of the quantitative model for zeta potential of nanoparticles. In this paper, we test how the statistical quality of quantitative structure-activity models for zeta potentials (ζ, a common measurement that reflects surface charge and stability of nanomaterial) could be improved with the use of these two indexes. Our hypothesis was tested using the benchmark data set that consists of 87 measurements of zeta potentials in water. We used quasi-SMILES molecular representation to take …
Digital Age Of Consent And Age Verification: Can They Protect Children?, Liliana Pasquale, Paola Zippo, Cliona Curley, Brian O'Neill, Marina Mongiello
Digital Age Of Consent And Age Verification: Can They Protect Children?, Liliana Pasquale, Paola Zippo, Cliona Curley, Brian O'Neill, Marina Mongiello
Articles
Children are increasingly accessing social media content through mobile devices. Existing data protection regulations have focused on defining the digital age of consent, in order to limit collection of children’s personal data by organizations. However, children can easily bypass the mechanisms adopted by apps to verify their age, and thereby be exposed to privacy and safety threats. We conducted a study to identify how the top 10 social and communication apps among underage users apply age limits in their Terms of Use. We also assess the robustness of the mechanisms these apps put in place to verify the age of …
Expectations Of Artificial Intelligence And The Performativity Of Ethics: Implications For Communication Governance, Aphra Kerr, Marguerite Barry, John D. Kelleher
Expectations Of Artificial Intelligence And The Performativity Of Ethics: Implications For Communication Governance, Aphra Kerr, Marguerite Barry, John D. Kelleher
Articles
This article draws on the sociology of expectations to examine the construction of expectations of ‘ethical AI’ and considers the implications of these expectations for communication governance. We first analyse a range of public documents to identify the key actors, mechanisms and issues which structure societal expectations around artificial intelligence (AI) and an emerging discourse on ethics. We then explore expectations of AI and ethics through a survey of members of the public. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings for the role of AI in communication gover- nance. We find that, despite societal expectations that we can design …
Finding Common Ground For Citizen Empowerment In The Smart City, John D. Kelleher, Aphra Kerr
Finding Common Ground For Citizen Empowerment In The Smart City, John D. Kelleher, Aphra Kerr
Articles
Corporate smart city initiatives are just one example of the contemporary culture of surveillance. They rely on extensive information gathering systems and Big Data analysis to predict citizen behaviour and optimise city services. In this paper we argue that many smart city and social media technologies result in a paradox whereby digital inclusion for the purposes of service provision also results in marginalisation and disempowerment of citizens. Drawing upon insights garnered from a digital inclusion workshop conducted in the Galapagos islands, we propose that critically and creatively unpacking the computational techniques embedded in data services is needed as a first …
Use Of Confocal Raman Microscopy To Characterise Ethyl Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Depth Curing, Kevin Raheem, John Cassidy, Tony Betts, Bernard Ryan
Use Of Confocal Raman Microscopy To Characterise Ethyl Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Depth Curing, Kevin Raheem, John Cassidy, Tony Betts, Bernard Ryan
Articles
In situ spatial temporal measurement of monomer conversion during adhesive bondline curing remains a challenging area. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the effectiveness of using confocal Raman microscopy in a specially configured experimental set-up, as a versatile tool for measuring monomer concentration changes as a function of both time and adhesive bond depth during ethyl cyanoacrylate polymerisation. This also allowed monitoring of the extent of polymerisation at the adhesive substrate interface independently of the bulk bondline polymerisation region. Key kinetic parameters such as inhibition time tlag, rate of reaction Rmax and extent of reaction [at]max were obtained …
Outstanding Reviewers For Analyst In 2019, Royal Society Of Chemistry
Outstanding Reviewers For Analyst In 2019, Royal Society Of Chemistry
Articles
We would like to take this opportunity to thank all of Analyst's reviewers, and in particular highlight the Outstanding Reviewers for the journal in 2019, as selected by the editorial team for their significant contribution to Analyst. We announce our Outstanding Reviewers annually and each receives a certificate to give recognition for their contribution. The reviewers have been chosen based on the number, timeliness and quality of the reports completed over the last 12 months.
Analysis Of A Large Spatiotemporal Groundwater Quality Dataset, Ontario 2010–2017: Informing Human Health Risk Assessment And Testing Guidance For Private Drinking Water Wells, Tessa Latchmore, Paul Hynds, R. Stephen Brown, Corinne Schuster-Wallace, Sarah Dickson-Anderson, Kevin Mcdermott, Anna Majury
Analysis Of A Large Spatiotemporal Groundwater Quality Dataset, Ontario 2010–2017: Informing Human Health Risk Assessment And Testing Guidance For Private Drinking Water Wells, Tessa Latchmore, Paul Hynds, R. Stephen Brown, Corinne Schuster-Wallace, Sarah Dickson-Anderson, Kevin Mcdermott, Anna Majury
Articles
Approximately 1.5 million individuals in Ontario are supplied by private water wells (private groundwater supplies). Unlike municipal supplies, private well water quality remains unregulated, with owners responsible for testing, treating, and maintaining their own water supplies. The primary goal of this study was to assess the effect of repeat sampling of private well water in Ontario and investigate the efficacy of geographically- and/or temporally specific testing recommendations and health risk assessments. The current study combines the Well Water Information System Dataset and the Well Water Testing Dataset from 2010 to 2017, inclusive. These two large existing province-wide datasets collated over …
Risk Communication Approaches For Preventing Private Groundwater Contamination In The Republic Of Ireland: A Mixed-Methods Study Of Multidisciplinary Expert Opinion, S. Mooney, J. O'Dwyer, Paul Hynds
Risk Communication Approaches For Preventing Private Groundwater Contamination In The Republic Of Ireland: A Mixed-Methods Study Of Multidisciplinary Expert Opinion, S. Mooney, J. O'Dwyer, Paul Hynds
Articles
The mechanisms of private-well groundwater contamination are uniquely complex, necessitating a multisector communicative approach to risk management, premised on behaviour promotion. In countries such as the Republic of Ireland (ROI), characterised by oftentimes high groundwater contamination risk and concurrently limited user awareness, incorporation of multidisciplinary, ‘expert-based’ knowledge may facilitate design of evidence-based, practical interventions. Expert interviews represent an efficient form of expert consultation, enabling ease of access to niche information and comparison of procedure, but remain under-utilised within the groundwater management literature. In response, the current study elicited opinion from 50 experts across four broad categories (communications, engineering/science, policy, and …
A Geostatistical Study Of Socioeconomic Status (Ses), Rurality, Seasonality And Index Test Results As Drivers Of Free Private Groundwater Testing In Southern Ontario, 2012–2016, Shahryar Qayyum, Paul Hynds, Harriet Richardson, Kevin Mcdermott, Anna Majury
A Geostatistical Study Of Socioeconomic Status (Ses), Rurality, Seasonality And Index Test Results As Drivers Of Free Private Groundwater Testing In Southern Ontario, 2012–2016, Shahryar Qayyum, Paul Hynds, Harriet Richardson, Kevin Mcdermott, Anna Majury
Articles
Approximately 12% of the Canadian population uses private wells for daily water consumption; however, well water testing rates are on the decline, resulting in an increased risk of waterborne acute gastrointestinal illness. To date, limited research has explored the determinants influencing well testing practices. Accordingly, the current study sought to investigate the drivers of “one-off” and repeat well water testing in southern Ontario during the 5-year period 2012–2016, using the worlds largest private groundwater testing data-frame. Data from >400,000 wells were geospatially integrated with all tests conducted by the provincial laboratory in southern Ontario. The Ontario Marginalization Index (ON-Marg) was …
Dissipation Of Pesticide Residues On Grapes And Strawberries Using Plasma-Activated Water, Chaitanya Sarangapani, Laurence Scally, Miroslav Gulan, P. J. Cullen
Dissipation Of Pesticide Residues On Grapes And Strawberries Using Plasma-Activated Water, Chaitanya Sarangapani, Laurence Scally, Miroslav Gulan, P. J. Cullen
Articles
In this study, we present a novel atmospheric air plasma discharge for the generation of plasma-activated water (PAW), with the aim of reducing pesticide residues on fresh fruit. For this purpose, a large discharge volume pin-to-plate cold plasma reactor was employed. The pesticide-spiked grapes and strawberries were processed with varying PAW concentrations to study their efficacies for pesticide degradation combined with an evaluation of any induced changes in key nutritional and quality attributes. The results suggest that the reduction of chlorpyrifos was 79% on grapes and 69% on strawberries while that of carbaryl was 86% on grapes and 73% on …