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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Cooling By Immersion In Liquid Nitrogen, Thomas W. Listerman, Thomas A. Boshinski, Lynn F. Knese
Cooling By Immersion In Liquid Nitrogen, Thomas W. Listerman, Thomas A. Boshinski, Lynn F. Knese
Thomas Listerman
When an object is cooled by immersion in a liquid, there is an unexpected increase in the violence of boiling just before the boiling stops. Most people seem fascinated by this phenomenon yet few are acquainted with its explanation in terms of a change in the heat‐transfer mechanism from film boiling to nucleate boiling. We have developed two variations of an intermediate level undergraduate laboratory experiment to measure the heat‐transfer rate after a sample is immersed in liquid nitrogen. The temperature of the sample, as measured by a thermocouple, is recorded as a function of time using either a potentiometer …
Determining The Temperature-Dependent Characteristic Temperature Of Beryllium From Electrical Resistance Measurements, Thomas W. Listerman, Xiao-Li Zhou
Determining The Temperature-Dependent Characteristic Temperature Of Beryllium From Electrical Resistance Measurements, Thomas W. Listerman, Xiao-Li Zhou
Thomas Listerman
We have developed an intermediate-level laboratory experiment to determine the temperature- dependent characteristic temperature of beryllium. The apparatus used to measure the resistance of a beryllium wire sample between liquid nitrogen and room temperatures was simple. The characteristic temperatures obtained from these data using the Block-Grüneisen model are in reasonable agreement with literature values obtained from resistivity and heat capacity experiments. The experiment introduced students to cryogenic and computer data analysis techniques and forced them to extend their knowledge of the theory of electrical resistance and of characteristic temperatures.