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Articles 1 - 30 of 41
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Data Engineering: Building Software Efficiency In Medium To Large Organizations, Alessandro De La Torre
Data Engineering: Building Software Efficiency In Medium To Large Organizations, Alessandro De La Torre
Whittier Scholars Program
The introduction of PoetHQ, a mobile application, offers an economical strategy for colleges, potentially ushering in significant cost savings. These savings could be redirected towards enhancing academic programs and services, enriching the educational landscape for students. PoetHQ aims to democratize access to crucial software, effectively removing financial barriers and facilitating a richer educational experience. By providing an efficient software solution that reduces organizational overhead while maximizing accessibility for students, the project highlights the essential role of equitable education and resource optimization within academic institutions.
Bioplastics In The Ci, Brenna Kusleika, Isabella Cabral, Marie Cadene
Bioplastics In The Ci, Brenna Kusleika, Isabella Cabral, Marie Cadene
Hungry for Sustainability - Anna Bowen, Biology and Environmental Science
No abstract provided.
Consumers' Perceptions Of Digital Privacy In The United States And Japan, Destiny Randle
Consumers' Perceptions Of Digital Privacy In The United States And Japan, Destiny Randle
Whittier Scholars Program
The purpose of my study is to explore the contours of contemporary consumer privacy protections derived from legislation, regulations and publicly available company policies as a way to get a better understanding of how consumer data is protected. A few examples ranging from company-based consumer protection in the United States to data breaches in Japan will be explored and examined. Finally, this paper includes a comparative survey of consumer perceptions and concerns related to personal data privacy in the U.S. and Japan. As a way to assess the degree to which digital privacy and personal data breaches have adversely influenced …
Bluetooth Low Energy Indoor Positioning System, Jackson T. Diamond, Jordan Hanson Dr
Bluetooth Low Energy Indoor Positioning System, Jackson T. Diamond, Jordan Hanson Dr
Whittier Scholars Program
Robust indoor positioning systems based on low energy bluetooth signals will service a wide range of applications. We present an example of a low energy bluetooth positioning system. First, the steps taken to locate the target with the bluetooth data will be reviewed. Next, we describe the algorithms of the set of android apps developed to utilize the bluetooth data for positioning. Similar to GPS, the algorithms use trilateration to approximate the target location by utilizing the corner devices running one of the apps. Due to the fluctuating nature of the bluetooth signal strength indicator (RSSI), we used an averaging …
Snowpack Measurements Suggest Role For Multi-Year Sea Ice Regions In Arctic Atmospheric Bromine And Chlorine Chemistry, Peter K. Peterson, Mark Hartwig, Nathaniel W. May, Evan Schwartz, Ignatius Rigor, Wendy Ermold, Michael Steele, James H. Morison, Son V. Nghiem, Kerri A. Pratt
Snowpack Measurements Suggest Role For Multi-Year Sea Ice Regions In Arctic Atmospheric Bromine And Chlorine Chemistry, Peter K. Peterson, Mark Hartwig, Nathaniel W. May, Evan Schwartz, Ignatius Rigor, Wendy Ermold, Michael Steele, James H. Morison, Son V. Nghiem, Kerri A. Pratt
Chemistry
As sources of reactive halogens, snowpacks in sea ice regions control the oxidative capacity of the Arctic atmosphere. However, measurements of snowpack halide concentrations remain sparse, particularly in the high Arctic, limiting our understanding of and ability to parameterize snowpack participation in tropospheric halogen chemistry. To address this gap, we measured concentrations of chloride, bromide, and sodium in snow samples collected during polar spring above remote multi-year sea ice (MYI) and first-year sea ice (FYI) north of Greenland and Alaska, as well as in the central Arctic, and compared these measurements to a larger dataset collected in the Alaskan coastal …
Observations Of Bromine Monoxide Transport In The Arctic Sustained On Aerosol Particles, Peter K. Peterson, Denis Pöhler, Holger Sihler, Johannes Zielcke, Stephan General, Udo Frieß, Ulrich Platt, William R. Simpson, Son V. Nghiem, Paul B. Shepson, Brian H. Stirm, Suresh Dhaniyala, Thomas Wagner, Dana R. Caulton, Jose D. Fuentes, Kerri A. Platt
Observations Of Bromine Monoxide Transport In The Arctic Sustained On Aerosol Particles, Peter K. Peterson, Denis Pöhler, Holger Sihler, Johannes Zielcke, Stephan General, Udo Frieß, Ulrich Platt, William R. Simpson, Son V. Nghiem, Paul B. Shepson, Brian H. Stirm, Suresh Dhaniyala, Thomas Wagner, Dana R. Caulton, Jose D. Fuentes, Kerri A. Platt
Chemistry
The return of sunlight in the polar spring leads to the production of reactive halogen species from the surface snowpack, significantly altering the chemical composition of the Arctic near-surface atmosphere and the fate of long-range transported pollutants, including mercury. Recent work has shown the initial production of reactive bromine at the Arctic surface snowpack; however, we have limited knowledge of the vertical extent of this chemistry, as well as the lifetime and possible transport of reactive bromine aloft. Here, we present bromine monoxide (BrO) and aerosol particle measurements obtained during the March 2012 BRomine Ozone Mercury EXperiment (BROMEX) near Utqiaġvik …
Snowmelt Onset Hinders Bromine Monoxide Heterogeneous Recycling In The Arctic, Peter K. Peterson, Justine A. Burd, Son V. Nghiem, Don K. Perovich, William R. Simpson
Snowmelt Onset Hinders Bromine Monoxide Heterogeneous Recycling In The Arctic, Peter K. Peterson, Justine A. Burd, Son V. Nghiem, Don K. Perovich, William R. Simpson
Chemistry
Reactive bromine radicals (bromine atoms, Br, and bromine monoxide, BrO) deplete ozone and alter tropospheric oxidation chemistry during the Arctic springtime (February–June). As spring transitions to summer (May–June) and snow begins to melt, reactive bromine events cease and BrO becomes low in summer. In this study, we explore the relationship between the end of the reactive bromine season and snowmelt timing. BrO was measured by Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometer at Utqiaġvik (Barrow), AK, from 2012 to 2016 and on drifting buoys deployed in Arctic sea ice from 2011 to 2016, a total of 13 site and year combinations. The …
Horizontal And Vertical Structure Of Reactive Bromine Events Probed By Bromine Monoxide Max-Doas Spectroscopy, Peter K. Peterson, William R. Simpson, Udo Frieß, Holger Sihler, Johannes Lampel, Ulrich Platt, Chris Moore, Kerri Platt, Paul Shepson, John Halfacre, Son V. Nghiem
Horizontal And Vertical Structure Of Reactive Bromine Events Probed By Bromine Monoxide Max-Doas Spectroscopy, Peter K. Peterson, William R. Simpson, Udo Frieß, Holger Sihler, Johannes Lampel, Ulrich Platt, Chris Moore, Kerri Platt, Paul Shepson, John Halfacre, Son V. Nghiem
Chemistry
Heterogeneous photochemistry converts bromide (Br−) to reactive bromine species (Br atoms and bromine monoxide, BrO) that dominate Arctic springtime chemistry. This phenomenon has many impacts such as boundary-layer ozone depletion, mercury oxidation and deposition, and modification of the fate of hydrocarbon species. To study environmental controls on reactive bromine events, the BRomine, Ozone, and Mercury EXperiment (BROMEX) was carried out from early March to mid-April 2012 near Barrow (Utqiaġvik), Alaska. We measured horizontal and vertical gradients in BrO with multiple-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instrumentation at three sites, two mobile and one …
The Role Of Open Lead Interactions In Atmospheric Ozone Variability Between Arctic Coastal And Inland Sites, Peter K. Peterson, Kerri A. Pratt, William R. Simpson, Son V. Nghiem, Lemuel X. Pérez Pérez, Eric J. Boone, Denis Pöhler, Johannes Zielcke, Stephan General, Paul B. Shepson, Udo Frieß, Ulrich Platt, Brian H. Stirm
The Role Of Open Lead Interactions In Atmospheric Ozone Variability Between Arctic Coastal And Inland Sites, Peter K. Peterson, Kerri A. Pratt, William R. Simpson, Son V. Nghiem, Lemuel X. Pérez Pérez, Eric J. Boone, Denis Pöhler, Johannes Zielcke, Stephan General, Paul B. Shepson, Udo Frieß, Ulrich Platt, Brian H. Stirm
Chemistry
Boundary layer atmospheric ozone depletion events (ODEs) are commonly observed across polar sea ice regions following polar sunrise. During March-April 2005 in Alaska, the coastal site of Barrow and inland site of Atqasuk experienced ODEs (O3 < 10 nmol mol-1) concurrently for 31% of the observations, consistent with large spatial scale ozone depletion. However, 7% of the time ODEs were exclusively observed inland at Atqasuk. This phenomenon also occurred during one of nine flights during the BRomine, Ozone, and Mercury EXperiment (BROMEX), when atmospheric vertical profiles at both sites showed near-surface ozone depletion only at Atqasuk on 28 March 2012. Concurrent in-flight BrO measurements made using nadir scanning differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) showed the differences in ozone vertical profiles at these two sites could not be attributed to differences in locally occurring halogen chemistry. During both studies, backward air mass trajectories showed that the Barrow air masses observed had interacted with open sea ice leads, causing increased vertical mixing and recovery of ozone at Barrow and not Atqasuk, where the air masses only interacted with tundra and consolidated sea ice. These observations suggest that, while it is typical for coastal and inland sites to have similar ozone conditions, open leads may cause heterogeneity in the chemical composition of the springtime Arctic boundary layer over coastal and inland areas adjacent to sea ice regions.
Parsec-Scale Structure And Kinematics Of Faint Tev Hbls, B. Glenn Piner, Philip G. Edwards
Parsec-Scale Structure And Kinematics Of Faint Tev Hbls, B. Glenn Piner, Philip G. Edwards
Physics
We present new multi-epoch Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of a set of TeV blazars drawn from our VLBA program to monitor all TeV-detected high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs) at parsec scales. Most of these sources are faint in the radio, so they have not been well observed with VLBI by other surveys. Our previous measurements of apparent jet speeds in TeV HBLs showed apparent jet speeds that were subluminal or barely superluminal, suggesting jets with velocity structures at the parsec-scale. Here we present apparent jet speed measurements for eight new TeV HBLs, which for the first time …
The Giant Radio Array For Neutrino Detection, Jordan C. Hanson, Olivier Martineau-Huynh, Kumiko Kotera, Mauricio Bustamente, Didier Charrier, Sijbrand De Jong, Krijn D. De Vries, Ke Fang, Zhaoyang Feng, Chad Finley, Quanbu Gou, Junhua Gu, Hongbo Hu, Kohta Murase, Valentin Niess, Foteini Oikonomou, Nicolas Renault-Tinacci, Julia Schmid, Charles Timmermans, Zhen Wang, Xiangping Wu, Jianli Zhang, Yi Zhang
The Giant Radio Array For Neutrino Detection, Jordan C. Hanson, Olivier Martineau-Huynh, Kumiko Kotera, Mauricio Bustamente, Didier Charrier, Sijbrand De Jong, Krijn D. De Vries, Ke Fang, Zhaoyang Feng, Chad Finley, Quanbu Gou, Junhua Gu, Hongbo Hu, Kohta Murase, Valentin Niess, Foteini Oikonomou, Nicolas Renault-Tinacci, Julia Schmid, Charles Timmermans, Zhen Wang, Xiangping Wu, Jianli Zhang, Yi Zhang
Physics
High-energy neutrino astronomy will probe the working of the most violent phenomena in the Universe. The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) project consists of an array of ∼ 105 radio antennas deployed over ∼ 200 000 km2 in a mountainous site. It aims at detecting high-energy neutrinos via the measurement of air showers induced by the decay in the atmosphere of τ leptons produced by the interaction of cosmic neutrinos under the Earth surface. Our objective with GRAND is to reach a neutrino sensitivity of 5 × 10−11E−2 GeV−1 cm−2 s …
Crystal Structure Of [N,N′-Bis(4-MethylPhenYl)-1,2-DiPhenylEthane-1,2-DiImine-Κ2n,N′]DiChloridoPalladium(Ii) Methanol Monosolvate, Ralph Isovitsch, Alfredo Peñaloza, Frank R. Fronczek
Crystal Structure Of [N,N′-Bis(4-MethylPhenYl)-1,2-DiPhenylEthane-1,2-DiImine-Κ2n,N′]DiChloridoPalladium(Ii) Methanol Monosolvate, Ralph Isovitsch, Alfredo Peñaloza, Frank R. Fronczek
Chemistry
The title compound, [PdCl2(C28H24N2)]·CH3OH, was prepared from the reaction of PdCl2(DMSO)2 (DMSO is dimethyl sulfoxide) and N,N′-bis(4-methylphenyl)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diimine in methanol. The chelating diimine core of the title compound deviates slightly from planarity, with an N—C—C—N torsion angle of 5.3 (3)°. Delocalization in the diimine core is indicated by N—C and C—C bonds that are, respectively, longer and shorter than those found in related nonchelating diimines. The distorted square-planar coordination environment around the PdII atom is manifested as bond angles that are smaller and larger than 90°, and palladacycle torsion angles of −173.22 (16) and 167.06 (16)°. These deviations …
Radar Absorption, Basal Reflection, Thickness And Polarization Measurements From The Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Jordan C. Hanson, Steven W. Barwick, Eric C. Berg, Dave Z. Besson, Thorin J. Duffin, Spencer R. Klein, Stuart A. Kleinfelder, Corey Reed, Mahshid Roumi, Thorsten Stezelberger, Joulien Tatar, James A. Walker, Liang Zou
Radar Absorption, Basal Reflection, Thickness And Polarization Measurements From The Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Jordan C. Hanson, Steven W. Barwick, Eric C. Berg, Dave Z. Besson, Thorin J. Duffin, Spencer R. Klein, Stuart A. Kleinfelder, Corey Reed, Mahshid Roumi, Thorsten Stezelberger, Joulien Tatar, James A. Walker, Liang Zou
Physics
Radio-glaciological parameters from the Moore’s Bay region of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, have been measured. The thickness of the ice shelf in Moore’s Bay was measured from reflection times of radio-frequency pulses propagating vertically through the shelf and reflecting from the ocean, and is found to be 576 ± 8 m. Introducing a baseline of 543 ± 7m between radio transmitter and receiver allowed the computation of the basal reflection coefficient, R, separately from englacial loss. The depth-averaged attenuation length of the ice column, 〈L〉 is shown to depend linearly on frequency. The best fit (95% confidence level) is …
First-Epoch Vlba Imaging Of 20 New Tev Blazars, B. Glenn Piner, Philip G. Edwards
First-Epoch Vlba Imaging Of 20 New Tev Blazars, B. Glenn Piner, Philip G. Edwards
Physics
We present Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) images of 20 TeV blazars not previously well studied on the parsec scale. All 20 of these sources are high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs). Observations were made between August and December of 2013 at a frequency of 8.4 GHz. These observations represent the first epoch of a VLBA monitoring campaign on these blazars, and they significantly increase the fraction of TeV HBLs studied with high-resolution imaging. The peak very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) flux densities of these sources range from ~10 to ~100 mJy bm–1, and parsec-scale jet structure is detected in …
Magnetically Actuated Liquid Crystals, Serkan Zorba, Mingsheng Wang, Le He, Yadong Yin
Magnetically Actuated Liquid Crystals, Serkan Zorba, Mingsheng Wang, Le He, Yadong Yin
Physics
Ferrimagnetic inorganic nanorods have been used as building blocks to construct liquid crystals with optical properties that can be instantly and reversibly controlled by manipulating the nanorod orientation using considerably weak external magnetic fields (1 mT). Under an alternating magnetic field, they exhibit an optical switching frequency above 100 Hz, which is comparable to the performance of commercial liquid crystals based on electrical switching. By combining magnetic alignment and lithography processes, it is also possible to create patterns of different polarizations in a thin composite film and control over the transmittance of light in particular areas. Developing such magnetically responsive …
The Parsec-Scale Structure Of The Newer Tev Blazars, Glenn Piner
The Parsec-Scale Structure Of The Newer Tev Blazars, Glenn Piner
Physics
We expand our previous studies of the parsec-scale structure of TeV blazars by presenting first- epoch images from VLBA monitoring of ten newer TeV HBLs. All ten sources were successfully detected and imaged, and all showed a one-sided core-jet structure. Many display a morphology common to TeV HBLs: a short, collimated jet followed by a transition to low surface brightness extended emission with a much broader opening angle. The newly detected TeV HBLs tend to be fainter in the radio; the median core flux density was 22 mJy, and the median brightness temperature was 8 × 109 K. The brightness …
Magnetic Tuning Of Plasmonic Excitation Of Gold Nanorods, Serkan Zorba, Mingsheng Wang, Chuanbo Gao, Le He, Jinzhong Zhang, Chi Tang, Yadong Yin
Magnetic Tuning Of Plasmonic Excitation Of Gold Nanorods, Serkan Zorba, Mingsheng Wang, Chuanbo Gao, Le He, Jinzhong Zhang, Chi Tang, Yadong Yin
Physics
By using gold nanorods as an example, we report the dynamic and reversible tuning of the plasmonic property of anisotropically shaped colloidal metal nanostructures by controlling their orientation using external magnetic fields. The magnetic orientational control enables instant and selective excitation of the plasmon modes of AuNRs through the manipulation of the field direction relative to the directions of incidence and polarization of light.
Dark Matter And Dark Energy As Inertial Effects, Serkan Zorba
Dark Matter And Dark Energy As Inertial Effects, Serkan Zorba
Physics
A disk-shaped universe (encompassing the observable universe) rotating globally with an angular speed equal to the Hubble constant is postulated. It is shown that dark energy and dark matter are cosmic inertial effects resulting from such a cosmic rotation, corresponding to centrifugal (dark energy), and a combination of centrifugal and the Coriolis forces (dark matter), respectively. The physics and the cosmological and galactic parameters obtained from the model closely match those attributed to dark energy and dark matter in the standard Λ-CDM model.
Erratic Jet Wobbling In The Bl Lacertae Object Oj287 Revealed By Sixteen Years Of 7mm Vlba Observations, B. Glenn Piner, Alan P. Marscher, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Jose L. Gomez, Manel Perucho, Maria Rioja, Richard Dodson
Erratic Jet Wobbling In The Bl Lacertae Object Oj287 Revealed By Sixteen Years Of 7mm Vlba Observations, B. Glenn Piner, Alan P. Marscher, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Jose L. Gomez, Manel Perucho, Maria Rioja, Richard Dodson
Physics
No abstract provided.
On The Equivariant Cohomology Of Rotation Groups And Stiefel Manifolds, William Kronholm
On The Equivariant Cohomology Of Rotation Groups And Stiefel Manifolds, William Kronholm
Mathematics
In this paper, we compute the RO(Z/2)-graded equivariant cohomology of rotation groups and Stiefel manifolds with particular involutions.
2-[(Naphthalen-1-YlMethylIdene)Amino]-5-MethylPhenol, Ralph Isovitsch, Gabriella Orona, Vanessa Molinar, Frank R. Fronczek
2-[(Naphthalen-1-YlMethylIdene)Amino]-5-MethylPhenol, Ralph Isovitsch, Gabriella Orona, Vanessa Molinar, Frank R. Fronczek
Chemistry
No abstract provided.
Planetary Stewardship Begins At Home, Cinzia Fissore, Sarah E. Hobbie, Lawrence A. Baker, Jennifer Y. King, Joseph P. Mcfadden, Kristen C. Nelson
Planetary Stewardship Begins At Home, Cinzia Fissore, Sarah E. Hobbie, Lawrence A. Baker, Jennifer Y. King, Joseph P. Mcfadden, Kristen C. Nelson
Environmental Science
No abstract provided.
2-(9-AnthrylmethylIdeneAmino)-4-MethylPhenol, Ralph Isovitsch
2-(9-AnthrylmethylIdeneAmino)-4-MethylPhenol, Ralph Isovitsch
Chemistry
The title compound, C22H17NO, is a novel Schiff base synthesized via a condensation reaction between 9-anthracenecarboxaldehyde and 2-amino-p-cresol. The asymmetric unit contains two independent molecules that are joined by an O—H⋯OH hydrogen bond. An intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond occurs in each molecule. π-stacking about inversion centers was observed between adjacent phenol rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.850 (2) Å] and adjacent anthracene rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.834 (2) Å]. The C—N=C—C torsion angles between the phenol and anthracene rings are close to 180° with values of 174.06 (15) and 179.85 (14)°.
The Synthesis, Photophysical Characterization, And X‐Ray Structure Analysis Of Two Polymorphs Of 4,4′‐Diacetylstilbene, Ralph Isovitsch, Cameron Pye, Frank R. Fronczek
The Synthesis, Photophysical Characterization, And X‐Ray Structure Analysis Of Two Polymorphs Of 4,4′‐Diacetylstilbene, Ralph Isovitsch, Cameron Pye, Frank R. Fronczek
Chemistry
A palladium(II) acetate‐catalyzed synthesis of 1 that utilizes the novel triazene 1‐{4‐[(E)‐morpholin‐4‐yldiazenyl]phenyl}ethanone as a synthon is described. The room temperature absorption spectra of 1 in various solvents exhibited a π→π* transition in the range of 330–350 nm. Compound 1 was observed to be luminescent, with room‐temperature solution and solid‐state emission spectra that exhibited maxima in the range 400–500 nm. All room‐temperature absorption and emission spectra exhibited some degree of vibrational structure. The emission spectrum of 1 at 77 K in propanenitrile glass was broad and featureless with a maximum at 447 nm. Compound 1 crystallized …
The Ro(G)-Graded Serre Spectral Sequence, William C. Kronholm
The Ro(G)-Graded Serre Spectral Sequence, William C. Kronholm
Mathematics
In this paper the Serre spectral sequence of Moerdijk and Svensson is extended from Bredon cohomology to RO(G)RO(G)-graded cohomology for finite groups GG. Special attention is paid to the case G=Z/2G=Z/2 where the spectral sequence is used to compute the cohomology of certain projective bundles and loop spaces.
The Jets Of Tev Blazars At Higher Resolution: 43 Ghz And Polarimetric Vlba Observations From 2005-2009, B. Glenn Piner, Philip G. Edwards
The Jets Of Tev Blazars At Higher Resolution: 43 Ghz And Polarimetric Vlba Observations From 2005-2009, B. Glenn Piner, Philip G. Edwards
Physics
We present 23 new VLBA images of the six established TeV blazars Markarian 421, Markarian 501, H 1426+428, 1ES 1959+650, PKS 2155-304, and 1ES 2344+514, obtained from 2005 to 2009. Most images were obtained at 43 GHz, and they reveal the parsec-scale structures of three of these sources (1ES 1959+650, PKS 2155-304, and 1ES 2344+514) at factors of two to three higher resolution than has previously been attained. Most of the remaining images map the linear polarization structures at a lower frequency of 22 GHz. We discuss the transverse structures of the jets as revealed by the high-frequency …
Significant Limb-Brightening In The Inner Parsec Of Markarian 501, Glenn Piner
Significant Limb-Brightening In The Inner Parsec Of Markarian 501, Glenn Piner
Physics
We present three 43 GHz images and a single 86 GHz image of Markarian 501 from VLBA observations in 2005. The 86 GHz image shows a partially resolved core with a flux density of about 200 mJy and a size of about 300 Schwarzschild radii, similar to recent results by Giroletti et al. Extreme limb-brightening is found in the inner parsec of the jet in the 43 GHz images, providing strong observational support for a “spine–layer” structure at this distance from the core. The jet is well-resolved transverse to its axis, allowing Gaussian model components to be fit to each …
N-[4-(MorpholinodiazenYl)PhenYl]Acetamide, Ralph Isovitsch, Taylor Chin, Frank R. Fronczek
N-[4-(MorpholinodiazenYl)PhenYl]Acetamide, Ralph Isovitsch, Taylor Chin, Frank R. Fronczek
Chemistry
No abstract provided.
On Powers Associated With Sierpiński Numbers, Riesel Numbers And Polignac's Conjecture, Mark Kozek, Michael Filaseta, Carrie Finch
On Powers Associated With Sierpiński Numbers, Riesel Numbers And Polignac's Conjecture, Mark Kozek, Michael Filaseta, Carrie Finch
Mathematics
We address conjectures of P. Erdős and conjectures of Y.-G. Chen concerning the numbers in the title. We obtain a variety of related results, including a new smallest positive integer that is simultaneously a Sierpiński number and a Riesel number and a proof that for every positive integer r, there is an integer k such that the numbers k,k2, k3,...,kr are simultaneously Sierpiński numbers.
Vlba Polarization Observations Of Markarian 421 After A Gamma-Ray High State, B. Glenn Piner, Philip G. Edwards
Vlba Polarization Observations Of Markarian 421 After A Gamma-Ray High State, B. Glenn Piner, Philip G. Edwards
Physics
We present four high dynamic range, dual-circular polarization, Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations at 22 GHz of Mrk 421, taken throughout the year following the source's unprecedented gamma-ray high state in early 2001. Previous VLBI observations of this source had shown only subluminal apparent motions in the parsec-scale jet and no apparent connection between jet components and gamma-ray flares, so we examined whether the larger gamma-ray flares of 2001 had produced a component that could be followed on the parsec-scale VLBA images. These four new VLBA observations are combined with data from our earlier 1999 paper and archival VLBA …