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Utah State University

2007

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Articles 1 - 30 of 107

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Science Plan For Potential 2008 Experimental High Flow At Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon Monitoring And Research Center Dec 2007

Science Plan For Potential 2008 Experimental High Flow At Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon Monitoring And Research Center

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

No abstract provided.


Geochemical Reconstruction Of Late Holocene Drainage And Mixing In Kluane Lake, Yukon Territory, Janice Brahney, John J. Clague, Brian Menounos, Thomas W. D. Edwards Dec 2007

Geochemical Reconstruction Of Late Holocene Drainage And Mixing In Kluane Lake, Yukon Territory, Janice Brahney, John J. Clague, Brian Menounos, Thomas W. D. Edwards

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

The level of Kluane Lake in southwest Yukon Territory, Canada, has fluctuated tens of metres during the late Holocene. Contributions of sediment from different watersheds in the basin over the past 5,000 years were inferred from the elemental geochemistry of Kluane Lake sediment cores. Elements associated with organic material and oxyhydroxides were used to reconstruct redox fluctuations in the hypolimnion of the lake. The data reveal complex relationships between climate and river discharge during the late Holocene. A period of influx of Duke River sediment coincides with a relatively warm climate around 1,300 years BP. Discharge of Slims River into …


Mathematically Modeling Pcr: An Asymptotic Approximation With Potential For Optimization, Martha J. Garlick Dec 2007

Mathematically Modeling Pcr: An Asymptotic Approximation With Potential For Optimization, Martha J. Garlick

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

A mathematical model for PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is developed using the law of mass action. Differential equations are written from the chemical equations, preserving the detail of the complementary DNA single strand being extended one bas e pair at a time. The equations for the annealing stage are solved analytically. The method of multiple scales is used to approximate solutions for the extension stage. A map is then developed from the solutions to simulate PCR. The advantage of this model is the ability to use the map to optimize the process. Our results suggest that dynamically optimizing the extension …


Biological Assessment On The Operation Of Glen Canyon Dam And Proposed Experimental Flows For The Colorado River Below Glen Canyon Dam During The Years 2008-2012, U.S. Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Reclamation, Upper Colorado Region, Salt Lake City, Utah Dec 2007

Biological Assessment On The Operation Of Glen Canyon Dam And Proposed Experimental Flows For The Colorado River Below Glen Canyon Dam During The Years 2008-2012, U.S. Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Reclamation, Upper Colorado Region, Salt Lake City, Utah

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This document serves as the biological assessment for the Bureau of Reclamation's (Reclamation) re-initiation of consultation on the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and proposed experimental flows for the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam during the years 2008-2012. It is prepared by Reclamation as part of its compliance with the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA), 87 Stat. 884, as amended, 16 U.S.C. section 1531 et seq. This document is designed to facilitate compliance with Sections 7 and 9 of the ESA with respect to potential effects to listed species within the United States (US).


Diffusion Of Collective-Action Innovations Among Pastoralists In Liben District, Ethiopia, D. Layne Coppock, Solomon Desta, Getachew Gebru, Getachew Kassa, Seyoum Tezera Dec 2007

Diffusion Of Collective-Action Innovations Among Pastoralists In Liben District, Ethiopia, D. Layne Coppock, Solomon Desta, Getachew Gebru, Getachew Kassa, Seyoum Tezera

Environment and Society Faculty Publications

In 2001 PARIMA and her partners began to create collective-action groups among illiterate, settled pastoralists in Ethiopia. These groups—soon dominated by women—focused on savings-led microfinance, small business activity, and livestock marketing to increase incomes and diversify livelihoods. Fifty-nine groups with over 2,100 members were formed using intensive training methods, and they have subsequently merged into legally recognized cooperatives. We regard this approach as successful and sustainable. We were curious, however, if “the word has spread” and collective-action has spontaneously arisen beyond our immediate project area. Preliminary findings from recent surveys of settlements in Liben District indicate that diffusion of collective-action …


Building Effective Community Participation And Stakeholder Partnerships To Promote Positive Change In The Southern Ethiopian Rangelands, D. Layne Coppock, Solomon Desta, Getachew Gebru, Seyoum Tezera, Dadi Amosha Dec 2007

Building Effective Community Participation And Stakeholder Partnerships To Promote Positive Change In The Southern Ethiopian Rangelands, D. Layne Coppock, Solomon Desta, Getachew Gebru, Seyoum Tezera, Dadi Amosha

Environment and Society Faculty Publications

Recently there has been increased recognition that authentic community participation and creating strong inter-institutional partnerships are both important in the process of capacity building, generating innovation, and sustaining development achievements in rural Africa. Here we summarize a process of community participation and formation of institutional partnerships in support of pastoral risk-management interventions over the past seven years on the Borana Plateau. Community involvement has been stimulated using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) methods. This has resulted in the proliferation of pastoral collective-action groups that have diversified livelihoods, engaged markets, and improved incomes. Implementing and sustaining positive change, however, has also been …


Can Collective Action And Capacity Building Reduce Vulnerability Among Settled Pastoralists?, D. Layne Coppock, Solomon Desta, Getachew Gebru, Seyoum Tezera Dec 2007

Can Collective Action And Capacity Building Reduce Vulnerability Among Settled Pastoralists?, D. Layne Coppock, Solomon Desta, Getachew Gebru, Seyoum Tezera

Environment and Society Faculty Publications

In 2001 PARIMA and her partners began to create collective-action groups among illiterate, settled pastoralists in southern Ethiopia. These groups—dominated by women—focused on savings-led microfinance, small business, and livestock marketing to increase incomes and diversify livelihoods. Fifty-nine groups with over 2,100 members were formed using intensive capacity- building methods. After six years we wanted to compare group members with their neighbors who never participated in the PARIMA program. We surveyed 180 individuals from groups and paired control (traditional) communities. Respondents were asked to assess the extent that they perceived positive, negative, or no change in their lives over the past …


Stakeholder Alliance Facilitates Re-Introduction Of Prescribed Fire On The Borana Plateau Of Southern Ethiopia, D. Layne Coppock, Getachew Gebru, Solomon Desta, Lemma Gizachew, Dadhi Amosha, Feyissa Taffa Dec 2007

Stakeholder Alliance Facilitates Re-Introduction Of Prescribed Fire On The Borana Plateau Of Southern Ethiopia, D. Layne Coppock, Getachew Gebru, Solomon Desta, Lemma Gizachew, Dadhi Amosha, Feyissa Taffa

Environment and Society Faculty Publications

The implementation of a new prescribed fire program to restore bush-encroached rangelands in southern Ethiopia—and hence increase herbaceous forage supplies for livestock—is given as an example of an integrated action involving multiple institutions to address resource-management problems. The resumption of planned fire—traditionally conducted over hundreds of years by pastoralists until the 1970s—was preceded by key activities including mobilization of the pastoral community, review of government proclamations regarding use of fire, interaction with policy makers, capacity building among pastoralists and agency personnel on how to implement and manage planned fires, development of an overall prescribed burn plan, selection of geo-referenced sites, …


Collective Action Among Agro-Pastoralists In Baringo District, Kenya: Identifying And Nurturing The Entrepreneurs, D. Layne Coppock, Mark N. Mutinda, Stellamaris K. Muthoka, Abdillahi A. Aboud Dec 2007

Collective Action Among Agro-Pastoralists In Baringo District, Kenya: Identifying And Nurturing The Entrepreneurs, D. Layne Coppock, Mark N. Mutinda, Stellamaris K. Muthoka, Abdillahi A. Aboud

Environment and Society Faculty Publications

The rural population of Baringo District in the Rift Valley of north-central Kenya faces numerous challenges including widespread environmental degradation and poverty. The region has endured decades of failed development projects, proliferation of food aid, and has been studied extensively. We have recently undertaken a different approach focused on bottom-up participatory action research and outreach among the Il Chamus and Tugen ethnic communities. The objective is to explore new ways to empower local people via provision of information, novel experiences, and initial access to resources to allow them to envision an alternative future and implement their own activities to better-manage …


Extending The Season For Sustainability In Utah, Britney Hunter Dec 2007

Extending The Season For Sustainability In Utah, Britney Hunter

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The importance of providing fresh produce on a local level is becoming a widespread consideration among people concerned with the character of their food. For regions without an opportune growing climate, extending the growing season can drastically advance productivity. High tunnels are one way to effectively and profitably extend the growing season in cold climates. The benefits of growing in a high tunnel go beyond raising the temperature. High tunnels contribute to higher quality small fruits and vegetables. The benefits of growing in high tunnels have been explored in other states and could be exploited by Utah growers. Utah's climate …


Fish Nutrient Cycling, Aquatic Respiration, And Terrestrial Insect Nutrient Subsidies To Lakes, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh Nov 2007

Fish Nutrient Cycling, Aquatic Respiration, And Terrestrial Insect Nutrient Subsidies To Lakes, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Mehner et al. (2005) reported that fish feeding on terrestrial insects could be important for nutrient budgets and cycling in lakes. They studied bleak (Alburnus alburnus) that fed largely on terrestrial insects, and they suggested that this contributed 2.1% of the lake's nutrient budget and that the subsequent excretion by the fish was equivalent to 11% of epilimnetic dissolved phosphorus concentrations. They concluded that nutrients delivered to lakes via terrestrial insects and recycled by fish would be most important for small lakes because of the large perimeter-to-area ratio between donor and recipient habitats. Fish may have important impacts …


Biofuel Feedstocks: The Risk Of Future Invasions, Joseph M. Ditomaso, Jacob N. Barney, Allison M. Fox Nov 2007

Biofuel Feedstocks: The Risk Of Future Invasions, Joseph M. Ditomaso, Jacob N. Barney, Allison M. Fox

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

In an effort to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, expand domestic energy production, and maintain economic growth, public and private investments are being used to pursue dedicated feedstock crops for biofuel production. Unlike food crops grown for grain-based ethanol (e.g., corn), which require high inputs of fertilizers and pesticides and typically are grown on prime agricultural land, proposed lignocellulose-based energy crops (e.g., switchgrass) typically have a neutral or negative carbon budget, require relatively few economic or environmental inputs, and can be cultivated on marginal, lower-productivity land. Thus, a rapidly growing industry related to crop selection, cultivar improvement, and conversion technilogies is …


Resistivity Of Kapton E At Intermediate Time Scales Following High-Energy Electron Irradiation, S Hart, Jr Dennison, J Brunson, Jodie C. Gillespie Oct 2007

Resistivity Of Kapton E At Intermediate Time Scales Following High-Energy Electron Irradiation, S Hart, Jr Dennison, J Brunson, Jodie C. Gillespie

Presentations

No abstract provided.


Investigating The Photoyield Of Spacecraft Materials, Jennifer Albretsen, Ryan Hoffmann, Jr Dennison Oct 2007

Investigating The Photoyield Of Spacecraft Materials, Jennifer Albretsen, Ryan Hoffmann, Jr Dennison

Presentations

No abstract provided.


Eutrophication In Farmington Bay And Its Potential Impacts On Wildlife, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh Oct 2007

Eutrophication In Farmington Bay And Its Potential Impacts On Wildlife, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Reclamation: Managing Water In The West, A.V. Watkins Dam Safety Of Dams Modification Draft Environmental Assessment Pro-Ea-07-002, W. Russ Findlay, U.S. Department Of The Interior Bureau Of Reclamation Oct 2007

Reclamation: Managing Water In The West, A.V. Watkins Dam Safety Of Dams Modification Draft Environmental Assessment Pro-Ea-07-002, W. Russ Findlay, U.S. Department Of The Interior Bureau Of Reclamation

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This document is an environmental assessment (EA) of the proposal to modify A.V. Watkins Dam under the Safety of Dams (SOD) Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-578, as amended). The proposed SOD modifications would correct safety deficiencies of the dam without affecting the purpose or benefits of the dam. Specifically, the embankment and foundation of the dam need to be repaired. The repairs are needed to restore the reservoir to full function and to incorporate state-of-the-art defensive measures of controlling seepage within the foundation and embankment. On November 13, 2006, emergency remedial actions were taken at A.V. Watkins Dam when …


Equatorial Ionospheric Electric Fields During The November 2004 Magnetic Storm, Bela G. Fejer, J. W. Jensen, T. Kikuchi, M. A. Abdu, J. L. Chau Oct 2007

Equatorial Ionospheric Electric Fields During The November 2004 Magnetic Storm, Bela G. Fejer, J. W. Jensen, T. Kikuchi, M. A. Abdu, J. L. Chau

Bela G. Fejer

[1] We use radar measurements from the Jicamarca Radio Observatory, magnetometer observations from the Pacific sector and ionosonde data from Brazil to study equatorial ionospheric electric fields during the November 2004 geomagnetic storm. Our data show very large eastward and westward daytime electrojet current perturbations with lifetimes of about an hour (indicative of undershielding and overshielding prompt penetration electric fields) in the Pacific equatorial region during the November 7 main phase of the storm, when the southward IMF, the solar wind and reconnection electric fields, and the polar cap potential drops had very large and nearly steady values. This result …


Seasonal And Diel Variation Of Atmospheric Mercury Concentrations In The Reno (Nevada, Usa) Airshed, Jelena Stamenkovic, Seth Lyman, Mae S. Gustin Oct 2007

Seasonal And Diel Variation Of Atmospheric Mercury Concentrations In The Reno (Nevada, Usa) Airshed, Jelena Stamenkovic, Seth Lyman, Mae S. Gustin

USU Uintah Basin Faculty Publications

This paper describes total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations measured in Reno, Nevada from 2002 to 2005. The 3-year mean and median air Hg concentrations were 2.3 and 2.1 ng m−3, respectively. Mercury concentrations exhibited seasonality, with the highest concentrations in winter, and the lowest in summer and fall. A well-defined diel pattern in TGM concentration was observed, with maximum daily concentrations observed in the morning and minimum in the afternoon. A gradual increase of TGM concentration was observed in the evening and over night. The early morning increase in TGM was likely due to activation of local surface emission sources …


Reclamation, Managing Water In The West, Annual Report Of Operations For Flaming Gorge Dam, Water Year 2007, U.S. Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Reclamation Oct 2007

Reclamation, Managing Water In The West, Annual Report Of Operations For Flaming Gorge Dam, Water Year 2007, U.S. Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Reclamation

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Pursuant to the February 2006 Record of Decision for the Operation of Flaming Gorge Dam (ROD) and as described in the Operation of Flaming Gorge Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS), this report details the operations of Flaming Gorge Dam during water year 2007. This is the second year of operations of Flaming Gorge Dam under the ROD and this report is the second annual report produced under authority of the ROD.


The First Frontier: High Altitude Ballooning And Access To Near Space, Shane L. Larson Sep 2007

The First Frontier: High Altitude Ballooning And Access To Near Space, Shane L. Larson

Colloquia and Seminars

No abstract provided.


Reclamation: Managing Water In The West, Steinaker Reservoir Normal Water Surface Elevation Increase Final Environmental Assessment And Finding Of No Significant Impact, U.S. Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Reclamation, W. Russ Findlay Sep 2007

Reclamation: Managing Water In The West, Steinaker Reservoir Normal Water Surface Elevation Increase Final Environmental Assessment And Finding Of No Significant Impact, U.S. Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Reclamation, W. Russ Findlay

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This document is an environmental assessment (EA) of the proposal to raise the normal water surface elevation from 5517.8 feet above mean sea level (msl) to 5520.5 msl for Steinaker Reservoir in Uintah County, Utah. The Uintah Water Conservancy District (UWCD) has requested Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) authorization for this action. The Steinaker State Park, managed by the Utah Division of Parks and Recreation, maintains several campgrounds, an entrance station and other associated buildings and associated infrastructure. Modifications or relocations of some of these facilities would be needed in conjunction with an increase in the reservoir’s normal water surface elevation.


Coherent Excitation Of The Optic Phonon In Si: Transiently Stimulated Raman Scattering With Afinite-Lifetime Electronic Excitation, D. Mark Riffe, A. J. Sabbah Aug 2007

Coherent Excitation Of The Optic Phonon In Si: Transiently Stimulated Raman Scattering With Afinite-Lifetime Electronic Excitation, D. Mark Riffe, A. J. Sabbah

All Physics Faculty Publications

Using 28-fs, 800-nm laser pulses we have coherently excited and subsequently probed, with time-dependent reflectivity, the Si zone-center optic phonon. The phonon-induced reflectivity change ΔR∕R is well described by the response of an underdamped oscillator: ΔR∕R∝ exp(−t∕τph) cos(2πt∕Tph+ϕ). The measured phase ϕ indicates that transiently stimulated Raman scattering (TSRS) is responsible for the coherent-phonon generation: our results are in good agreement with a recent theory of TSRS for opaque materials [ T. E. Stevens et al. Phys. Rev. B 65 144304 (2002)] when we extend the theory to include the finite lifetime of the excited charge …


Monsters In The Cosmic Sea: Black Holes And Einstein's Astrophysical Legacy, Shane L. Larson Aug 2007

Monsters In The Cosmic Sea: Black Holes And Einstein's Astrophysical Legacy, Shane L. Larson

Public Talks

No abstract provided.


Oases In The Dark: Galaxies As Probes Of The Cosmos, Shane L. Larson Aug 2007

Oases In The Dark: Galaxies As Probes Of The Cosmos, Shane L. Larson

Public Talks

No abstract provided.


Modeling The Permittivity Of Two-Phase Media Containing Monodisperse Spheres: Effects Of Microstructure And Multiple Scattering, Timothy E. Doyle, David A. Robinson, Scott B. Jones, Keith H. Warnick, Brent L. Carruth Aug 2007

Modeling The Permittivity Of Two-Phase Media Containing Monodisperse Spheres: Effects Of Microstructure And Multiple Scattering, Timothy E. Doyle, David A. Robinson, Scott B. Jones, Keith H. Warnick, Brent L. Carruth

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

A numerical modeling approach was developed to predict the dielectric properties of heterogeneous particulate materials with arbitrary microstructures. To test the method, simulation and experimental data were acquired for the effective permittivities of various glass sphere suspensions. Both ordered lattices and random microstructures of up to 3600 spheres were modeled for volume fractions of 0.025–0.60. The electric fields in the suspensions were computed using an iterative multipole method that included multiple-scattering effects. The effective permittivities were obtained by averaging the electric field and electric displacement over a representative volume. Frequency spectra, electric field images, and single-scattering results (i.e., no particle-particle …


Characteristics Of Short-Period Wavelike Features Near 87 Km Altitude From Airglow And Lidar Observations Over Maui, J. H. Hecht, A. Z. Liu, R. L. Walterscheid, S. J. Franke, R. J. Rudy, Michael J. Taylor, Pierre-Dominique Pautet Aug 2007

Characteristics Of Short-Period Wavelike Features Near 87 Km Altitude From Airglow And Lidar Observations Over Maui, J. H. Hecht, A. Z. Liu, R. L. Walterscheid, S. J. Franke, R. J. Rudy, Michael J. Taylor, Pierre-Dominique Pautet

All Physics Faculty Publications

Small-scale (less than 15 km horizontal wavelength) wavelike structures known as ripples are a common occurrence in OH airglow images. Recent case studies attribute their origin to the presence of either convective or dynamical instabilities. However, little is known about their frequency of occurrence and period. The Maui-MALT Observatory, located at Mt. Haleakala, is instrumented with a Na wind/temperature lidar, which allows the determination of whether the atmosphere is dynamically or convectively unstable, and a fast OH airglow camera which takes images every 3 s with a sensitivity high enough to see the ripples. This study reports on 2 months …


The Role Of Geographic Information Systems Inwildlife Epidemiology: Models Of Chronic Wasting Disease In Colorado Mule Deer, Matthew L. Farnsworth, Jennifer A. Hoeting, N. Thompson Hobbs, Mary M. Conner, Kenneth P. Burnham, Lisa L. Wolfe, Elizabeth S. Williams, David M. Theobald, Michael W. Miller Jul 2007

The Role Of Geographic Information Systems Inwildlife Epidemiology: Models Of Chronic Wasting Disease In Colorado Mule Deer, Matthew L. Farnsworth, Jennifer A. Hoeting, N. Thompson Hobbs, Mary M. Conner, Kenneth P. Burnham, Lisa L. Wolfe, Elizabeth S. Williams, David M. Theobald, Michael W. Miller

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

The authors present findings from two landscape epidemiology studies of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in northern Colorado mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). First, the effects of human land use on disease prevalence were explored by formulating a set of models estimating CWD prevalence in relation to differences in human land use, sex and geographic location. Prevalence was higher in developed areas and among male deer suggesting that anthropogenic influences (changes in land use), differences in exposure risk between sexes and landscape-scaled heterogeneity are associated with CWD prevalence. The second study focused on identifying scales of mule deer movement and mixing that …


Tumbleweed Exploratory Drilling Environmental Assessment, United States Deparment Of The Interior, Bureau Of Land Management Jun 2007

Tumbleweed Exploratory Drilling Environmental Assessment, United States Deparment Of The Interior, Bureau Of Land Management

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This Environmental Assessment (EA) has been prepared to analyze Stewart Petroleum Corporation’s (Stewart) proposed exploratory natural gas drilling on their Federal leases within the Tumbleweed Oil and Gas Unit (Tumbleweed Unit). This EA is a site-specific analysis of potential impacts that could result with the implementation of Alternative - the Proposed Action; Alternative B – Buried Pipelines; or Alternative C - the No Action Alternative. The EA assists the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in project planning and ensuring compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), and in making a determination as to whether any “significant” impacts could result …


Gravitational Wave Bursts From The Galactic Massive Black Hole, Clovis Hopman, Marc Freitag, Shane L. Larson Jun 2007

Gravitational Wave Bursts From The Galactic Massive Black Hole, Clovis Hopman, Marc Freitag, Shane L. Larson

All Physics Faculty Publications

The Galactic massive black hole (MBH), with a mass of M= 3.6 × 106 M, is the closest known MBH, at a distance of only 8 kpc. The proximity of this MBH makes it possible to observe gravitational waves (GWs) from stars with periapse in the observational frequency window of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). This is possible even if the orbit of the star is very eccentric, so that the orbital frequency is many orders of magnitude below the LISA frequency window, as suggested by Rubbo, Holley-Bockelmann & Finn (2006). …


The Effects Of Large Data Gaps On Estimating Linear Trend In Autocorrelated Data, Troy A. Wynn, Vincent B. Wickwar May 2007

The Effects Of Large Data Gaps On Estimating Linear Trend In Autocorrelated Data, Troy A. Wynn, Vincent B. Wickwar

Conference publications

It is well known that atmospheric data is autocorrelated. Techniques for fitting a model to autocorrelated data without data gaps are well known. However in cases where large data gaps exist the analysis ins more challenging. By large data gaps we mean 16-24% of the possible data present. This paper explores the challenges of estimating the correlation coefficient in an autocorrelated data set containing large data gaps and suggests ways to accurately estimate the autocorrelation and linear trend in a signal when such cases arise.