Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Controlled Hydrogenation Into Defective Interlayer Bismuth Oxychloride Via Vacancy Engineering, Dandan Cui, Kang Xu, Xingan Dong, Dongdong Lv, Fan Dong, Weichang Hao, Yi Du, Jun Chen

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Hydrogenation is an effective approach to improve the performance of photocatalysts within defect engineering methods. The mechanism of hydrogenation and synergetic effects between hydrogen atoms and local electronic structures, however, remain unclear due to the limits of available photocatalytic systems and technical barriers to observation and measurement. Here, we utilize oxygen vacancies as residential sites to host hydrogen atoms in a layered bismuth oxychloride material containing defects. It is confirmed theoretically and experimentally that the hydrogen atoms interact with the vacancies and surrounding atoms, which promotes the separati30on and transfer processes of photo-generated carriers via the resulting band structure. The …

Electronic Structure Engineering Of Licoo2 Toward Enhanced Oxygen Electrocatalysis, Xiaobo Zheng, Yaping Chen, Xusheng Zheng, Guoqiang Zhao, Kun Rui, Peng Li, Xun Xu, Zhenxiang Cheng, Shi Xue Dou, Wenping Sun

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Developing low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction is of critical significance to the practical application of some emerging energy storage and conversion devices (e.g., metal-air batteries, water electrolyzers, and fuel cells). Lithium cobalt oxide is a promising nonprecious metal-based electrocatalyst for oxygen electrocatalysis; its activity, however, is still far from the requirements of practical applications. Here, a new LiCoO 2 -based electrocatalyst with nanosheet morphology is developed by a combination of Mg doping and shear force-assisted exfoliation strategies toward enhanced oxygen reduction and evolution reaction kinetics. It is demonstrated that the coupling effect …

3d Scaffolds Of Polycaprolactone/Copper-Doped Bioactive Glass: Architecture Engineering With Additive Manufacturing And Cellularassessments In A Coculture Of Bone Marrow Stem Cells And Endothelial Cells, Xiaoju Wang, Binbin Zhang, Sanna Pitkanen, Miina Ojansivu, Chunlin Xu, Markus Hannula, Jari A. Hyttinen, Susanna S. Miettinen, Leena Hupa, Gordon G. Wallace

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

The local delivery of Cu2+ from copper-doped bioactive glass (Cu-BaG) was combined with 3D printing of polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds for its potent angiogenic effect in bone tissue engineering. PCL and Cu-BaG were, respectively, dissolved and dispersed in acetone to formulate a moderately homogeneous ink. The PCL/Cu-BaG scaffolds were fabricated via direct ink writing into a cold ethanol bath. The architecture of the printed scaffolds, including strut diameter, strut spacing, and porosity, were investigated and characterized. The PCL/Cu-BaG scaffolds showed a Cu-BaG content-dependent mechanical property, as the compressive Young's modulus ranged from 7 to 13 MPa at an apparent porosity of …

Structural Engineering Of Hierarchical Micro‐Nanostructured Ge-C Framework By Controlling The Nucleation For Ultralong Life Li Storage, Shilin Zhang, Yang Zheng, Xuejuan Huang, Jian Hong, Bin Cao, Junnan Hao, Qining Fan, Tengfei Zhou, Zaiping Guo

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

The rational design of a proper electrode structure with high energy and power densities, long cycling lifespan, and low cost still remains a significant challenge for developing advanced energy storage systems. Germanium is a highly promising anode material for high-performance lithium ion batteries due to its large specific capacity and remarkable rate capability. Nevertheless, poor cycling stability and high price significantly limit its practical application. Herein, a facile and scalable structural engineering strategy is proposed by controlling the nucleation to fabricate a unique hierarchical micro-nanostructured Ge-C framework, featuring high tap density, reduced Ge content, superb structural stability, and a 3D …

Engineering Surface Amine Modifiers Of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles Supported On Reduced Graphene Oxide For Improved Electrochemical Co2 Reduction, Yong Zhao, Caiyun Wang, Yuqing Liu, Douglas R. Macfarlane, Gordon G. Wallace

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Ultrasmall gold (Au) nanoparticles with high mass activity have great potential for practical applications in CO2electroreduction. However, these nanoparticles often suffer from poor product selectivity since their abundant low-coordinated sites are favorable for H2evolution. In this work, a catalyst, reduced graphene oxide supported ultrasmall Au nanoparticles (≈2.4 nm) is developed which delivers high Au-specific mass activities (>100 A g-1) and good Faradaic efficiencies (32-60%) for the CO2-to-CO conversion at moderate overpotentials (450-600 mV). The efficiencies can be improved to 59-75% while retaining the ultrahigh mass activities via a simple amine-modification strategy. In addition, an amine-structure-dependent effect is revealed: linear …

Design And Engineering Of Water-Soluble Light-Harvesting Protein Maquettes, Goutham Kodali, Joshua A. Mancini, Lee A. Solomon, Tatiana V. Episova, Nicholas Roach, Christopher Hobbs, Pawel W. Wagner, Olga Mass, Kunche Aravindu, Jonathan E. Barnsley, Keith C. Gordon, David L. Officer, P. Leslie Dutton, Christopher C. Moser

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Natural selection in photosynthesis has engineered tetrapyrrole based, nanometer scale, light harvesting and energy capture in light-induced charge separation. By designing and creating nanometer scale artificial light harvesting and charge separating proteins, we have the opportunity to reengineer and overcome the limitations of natural selection to extend energy capture to new wavelengths and to tailor efficient systems that better meet human as opposed to cellular energetic needs. While tetrapyrrole cofactor incorporation in natural proteins is complex and often assisted by accessory proteins for cofactor transport and insertion, artificial protein functionalization relies on a practical understanding of the basic physical chemistry …

Engineering Hierarchical Hollow Nickel Sulfide Spheres For High-Performance Sodium Storage, Dan Zhang, Wenping Sun, Yu Zhang, Yuhai Dou, Yinzhu Jiang, Shi Xue Dou

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for energy storage due to the abundance of sodium, especially for grid distribution systems. The practical implementation of SIBs, however, is severely hindered by their low energy density and poor cycling stability due to the poor electrochemical performance of the existing electrodes. Here, to achieve high-capacity and durable sodium storage with good rate capability, hierarchical hollow NiS spheres with porous shells composed of nanoparticles are designed and synthesized by tuning the reaction parameters. The formation mechanism of this unique structure is systematically investigated, which is clearly revealed to …

Case Study: A Model Based Systems Engineering (Mbse) Framework For Characterising Transportation Systems Over The Full Life Cycle, William R. Scott, Richard Fullalove, Gary Arabian, Allan P. Campbell

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

Development of transport infrastructure has significant challenges including acquisition lag, phased evolution, multiple disparate stakeholders and environment-specific issues. The Asset Standards Authority (ASA) at TfNSW is introducing MBSE to address these challenges. Instrumental to the introduction is the development of a framework that structures the available data and provides guidance and traceability between the data sets. This framework combines the enterprise-level drivers with the lower level drivers such as standards to outline a generic conceptual design for a transport system. This conceptual design is then used to guide future system development. The outcome is future project information based on greater, …

Boosting The Efficiency Of Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells Up To 7.11% Through Simultaneous Engineering Of Photocathode And Photoanode, Yang Bai, Chao Han, Xinqi Chen, Hua Yu, Xu Zong, Zhen Li, Lianzhou Wang

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

We demonstrate a new strategy of boosting the efficiency of quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) by engineering the photocathode and photoanode simultaneously. Nanostructured photocathodes based on non-stoichiometric Cu_2-xSe electrocatalysts were developed via a simple and scalable approach for CdS/CdSe QDs co-sensitized solar cells. Compared to Cu₂S CE, remarkably improved photovoltaic performance was achieved for QDSSCs with Cu_2-xSe CEs. The superior catalytic activity and electrical conductivity of Cu_2-xSe CEs were verified by the electrochemical impedance spectra and Tafel-polarization measurements. To maximize the efficiency enhancement, the photoanodes were optimized by introducing a pillared …

Surface Engineering And Design Strategy For Surface-Amorphized Tio 2 @Graphene Hybrids For High Power Li-Ion Battery Electrodes, Tengfei Zhou, Yang Zheng, Hong Gao, Shudi Min, Sean Li, Hua-Kun Liu, Zaiping Guo

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Electrode materials with battery-like high capacity and capacitorlike rate performance are highly desirable, since they would signifi cantly advance next-generation energy storage technology. [ 1 ] TiO 2 has received increasing attention as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its good reversible capacity and low volume expansion upon lithiation, as well as its low cost and safe lithiation potential. [ 2 ] The low lithium-ion mobility within the crystalline phase TiO 2 , however, together with its poor electrical conductivity, means that only a thin surface layer of the host material is available for Li intercalation at …

Electrical Stimulation Using Conductive Polymer Polypyrrole Promotes Differentiation Of Human Neural Stem Cells: A Biocompatible Platform For Translational Neural Tissue Engineering, Elise Stewart, Nao R. Kobayashi, Michael J. Higgins, Anita Quigley, Sina S. Jamali, Simon Moulton, Robert M. I Kapsa, Gordon G. Wallace, Jeremy M. Crook

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Conductive polymers (CPs) are organic materials that hold great promise for biomedicine. Potential applications include in vitro or implantable electrodes for excitable cell recording and stimulation, and conductive scaffolds for cell support and tissue engineering. Here we demonstrate the utility of electroactive CP Polypyrrole (PPy) containing the anionic dopant dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) to differentiate novel clinically relevant human neural stem cells (hNSCs). Electrical stimulation of PPy(DBS) induced hNSCs to predominantly β-III Tubulin (Tuj1) expressing neurons, with lower induction of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expressing glial cells. In addition, stimulated cultures comprised nodes or clusters of neurons with longer neurites and …

Processable Conducting Graphene/Chitosan Hydrogels For Tissue Engineering, Sepidar Sayyar, Eoin Murray, Brianna Thompson, Johnson Chung, David L. Officer, Sanjeev Gambhir, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Gordon G. Wallace

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Composites of graphene in a chitosan-lactic acid matrix were prepared to create conductive hydrogels that are processable, exhibit tunable swelling properties and show excellent biocompatibility. The addition of graphene to the polymer matrix also resulted in significant improvements to the mechanical strength of the hydrogels, with the addition of just 3 wt% graphene resulting in tensile strengths increasing by over 200%. The composites could be easily processed into three-dimensional scaffolds with finely controlled dimensions using additive fabrication techniques and fibroblast cells demonstrate good adhesion and growth on their surfaces. These chitosan-graphene composites show great promise for use as conducting substrates …

Performance Modulation Of Α-Mno2 Nanowires By Crystal Facet Engineering, W Li, Xiangyuan Cui, R Zeng, Guodong Du, Ziqi Sun, Rongkun Zheng, Simon Peter Ringer, S X. Dou

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Modulation of material physical and chemical properties through selective surface engineering is currently one of the most active research fields, aimed at optimizing functional performance for applications. The activity of exposed crystal planes determines the catalytic, sensory, photocatalytic, and electrochemical behavior of a material. In the research on nanomagnets, it opens up new perspectives in the fields of nanoelectronics, spintronics, and quantum computation. Herein, we demonstrate controllable magnetic modulation of α-MnO₂ nanowires, which displayed surface ferromagnetism or antiferromagnetism, depending on the exposed plane. First-principles density functional theory calculations confirm that both Mn- and O-terminated α-MnO₂ (1 …

In Situ Engineering Of Urchin-Like Reduced Graphene Oxide-Mn 2o3-Mn3o4 Nanostructures For Supercapacitors, Alfred Tawirirana Chidembo, Seyed Hamed Aboutalebi, Konstantin Konstantinov, Charl Jeremy Jafta, Hua-Kun Liu, Kenneth Ikechukwu Ozoemena

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

We report the use of a spray pyrolysis method to synthesize high surface area (BET surface area of 139 m2 g-1) self-organized, micron sized urchin-like composites made up of reduced graphene oxide and needle-shaped manganese oxide (rGO-Mn2O3-Mn 3O4). Maximum capacitances of 425 Fg-1 at 5 mV s-1 from a three electrode set up and 133 Fg-1 at a current density of 0.2 Ag-1 were recorded using an asymmetric two electrode set up with graphene as the anode. The composite material also showed a capacitance retention of 83% over 1000 cycles. We attribute this remarkable performance to the high specific surface …

Extrusion Printed Graphene/Polycaprolactone/ Composites For Tissue Engineering, Sepidar Sayyar, Rhys Cornock, Eoin Murray, Stephen Beirne, David L. Officer, Gordon G. Wallace

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

In this work fibres and complex three-dimensional scaffolds of a covalently linked graphene-polycaprolactone composite were successfully extruded and printed using a melt extrusion printing system. Fibres with varying diameters and morphologies, as well as complex scaffolds were fabricated using an additive fabrication approach and were characterized. It was found that the addition of graphene improves the mechanical properties of the fibres by over 50% and in vitro cytotoxicity tests showed good biocompatibility indicating a promising material for tissue engineering applications.

Engineering A Multimodal Nerve Conduit For Repair Of Injured Peripheral Nerve, A F. Quigley, K J. Bulluss, I L. B Kyratzis, K Gilmore, T Mysore, K S U Schirmer, E L. Kennedy, M O'Shea, Y B. Truong, S L. Edwards, G Peeters, P Herwig, Joselito M. Razal, T E. Campbell, K N. Lowes, M J. Higgins, S E. Moulton, M A. Murphy, M J. Cook, G M. Clark, G G. Wallace, R M. I Kapsa

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Injury to nerve tissue in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) results in long-term impairment of limb function, dysaesthesia and pain, often with associated psychological effects. Whilst minor injuries can be left to regenerate without intervention and short gaps up to 2 cm can be sutured, larger or more severe injuries commonly require autogenous nerve grafts harvested from elsewhere in the body (usually sensory nerves). Functional recovery is often suboptimal and associated with loss of sensation from the tissue innervated by the harvested nerve. The challenges that persist with nerve repair have resulted in development of nerve guides or conduits from …

Covalently Linked Biocompatible Graphene/Polycaprolactone Composites For Tissue Engineering, Sepidar Sayyar, Eoin Murray, Brianna C. Thompson, Sanjeev Gambhir, David L. Officer, Gordon G. Wallace

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Two synthesis routes to graphene/polycaprolactone composites are introduced and the properties of the resulting composites compared. In the first method, mixtures are produced using solution processing of polycaprolactone and well dispersed, chemically reduced graphene oxide and in the second, an esterification reaction covalently links polycaprolactone chains to free carboxyl groups on the graphene sheets. This is achieved through the use of a stable anhydrous dimethylformamide dispersion of graphene that has been highly chemically reduced resulting in mostly peripheral ester linkages. The resulting covalently linked composites exhibit far better homogeneity and as a result, both Young's modulus and tensile strength more …

Living Fibres: 3d Hydrogel Fibres For Tissue Engineering, Anita Quigley, Magdalena Kita, Rhys Cornock, Tharun Mysore, Javad Foroughi, Gordon G. Wallace, Robert M. I Kapsa

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

To use rapid fibre spinning technologies for the creation of 3D constructs for cell delivery, tissue engineering and the study of 3D cellular interactions. This study describes the fabrication of biosynthetic soft gel fibers containing myoblasts and myogenic growth factors and their use for restoration of dystrophin expression in dystrophic mdx mouse muscle.

Precision Wet-Spinning Of Cell-Impregnated Alginate Fibres For Tissue Engineering, Rhys Cornock, Magdalena Kita, Anita Quigley, Gordon G. Wallace, Robert M. I Kapsa

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

The selective assembly of functionalised fibres produced by wet-spinning into implantable three dimensional contructs presents attractive prospects for the field of medical bionics[1]. In particular, the incorporation of biological factors and large numbers of cells within biocompatible and macroporous fibres is expected to deliver improvements to drug delivery platforms as well as to tissue engineering biotechnology[2, 3].

A Novel Approach To Data Deduplication Over The Engineering-Oriented Cloud Systems, Zhe Sun, Jun Shen, Jianming Young

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

This paper presents a duplication-less storage system over the engineering-oriented cloud computing platforms. Our deduplication storage system, which manages data and duplication over the cloud system, consists of two major components, a front-end deduplication application and a mass storage system as back-end. Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) is a common distribution file system on the cloud, which is used with Hadoop database (HBase). We use HDFS to build up a mass storage system and employ HBase to build up a fast indexing system. With a deduplication application, a scalable and parallel deduplicated cloud storage system can be effectively built up. …

Implementing Vertical And Horizontal Engineering Students' Integration And Assessment Of Consequence Academic Achievement, Sarim Al-Zubaidy, Nidhal Abdulaziz, Reza Dashtpour

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

Recent scholarship references indicate that integration of the student body can result in an enhanced learning experience for students and also greater satisfaction. This paper reports the results of a case study whereby mechanical engineering students studying at a newly established branch campus in Dubai of a British university were exposed to vertical and horizontal integration. Different activities have been embedded to ensure that students integrated and worked together with their peers and colleagues at different levels. The implemented processes and practices led to improved academic achievements, which were better than those of a similar cohort of students where no …

Dynamic Modelling, Validating And Fine-Tuning Of Engineering Curriculum, Fazel Naghdy

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

The undergraduate Engineering schools in Australia are required to embed and assess the Competency Standards defined by the Engineers Australia in their curriculum. At the same time, embedding graduate attributes in the curriculum has become an important element in the quality assurance processes of universities. The embedding and mapping are only the first step in a long term process. The mapping should be validated empirically and reviewed in a repeating cycle towards an effective and optimal curriculum. This will require a rigorous action learning process for creating and cyclic validation of a living curriculum. The conceptual development and early stages …

Some Complex Systems Engineering Principles, Matthew J. Berryman, Peter Campbell

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

Complex adaptive systems can be characterised by many adaptively changing parts, with a large number of interactions, and adaptation at the system level. This body of research can inform the large engineering projects that are characterised by large systems of systems, where interactions to achieve end goals matters, and where designs and the technology of parts in service undergo many adaptive changes. A number of key lessons can be drawn from the complex adaptive systems literature. Firstly, that the use of design patterns, as traditionally applied in software engineering, can also be applied to wider systems engineering and systems integration …

Reflecting On Ontologies Towards Ontology-Based Agent-Oriented Software Engineering, Ghassan Beydoun, Brian Henderson-Sellers, Jun Shen, G. Low

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

“Ontology” in association with “software engineering” is becoming commonplace. This paper argues for the need to place ontologies at the centre of the software development lifecycle for multi agent systems to enhance reuse of software workproducts as well as to unify agent-based software engineering knowledge. The paper bridges the state-of-the-art of ontologies research from Knowledge Engineering (KE) within Artificial Intelligence and Metamodelling within Software Engineering (SE). It presents a sketch of an ontology-based Multi Agent System (MAS) methodology discussing key roles on ontologies and their impact of workproducts, illustrating these in a MAS software development project for an important application …

Active Exploration Of Emerging Themes In A Study Of Object-Oriented Requirements Engineering: The 'Evolutionary Case' Approach, Linda L. Dawson

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

The evolutionary case approach provides a framework for qualitative case study research in information systems (IS). It uses revelation, reinforcement, reflection and re-examination to explicitly explore emerging themes in interpretive case study research.

The method is based on the progressive development of a theoretical model grounded initially in the literature and then refined using sequential case studies grounded in practice. The method addresses the gap which often separates data from conclusions in qualitative case study research by documenting the “revealed” and “reinforced” changes in the theoretical model as it evolves from the empirical data.

The paper provides an illustrative study …

The Atollgame Experience: From Knowledge Engineering To A Computer-Assisted Role Playing Game, A Dray, Pascal Perez, Natalie Jones, Christophe Le Page, Patrick D'Aquino, Ian White, Titeem Auatabu

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

This paper presents the methodology developed to collect, understand and merge viewpoints coming from different stakeholders in order to build a shared and formal representation of the studied system dealing with groundwater management in the low-lying atoll of Tarawa (Republic of Kiribati). The methodology relies on three successive stages. First, a Global Targeted Appraisal focuses on social group leaders in order to collect different standpoints and their articulated mental models. These collective models are partly validated through Individual Activities Surveys focusing on behavioural patterns of individual islanders. Then, these models are merged into a single conceptual one using qualitative analysis …

'Good Engineering Governance' - An Issue For Ergonomists, J V. Nendick, M Hassan, E N. Urwin, Grace A. Kennedy, C E. Siemieniuch, M A. Sinclair

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

Engineering Governance can be summarised as two questions: 'Are we doing the right things?' and 'Are we doing those things right?'. It forms a part of Corporate Governance, and in the manufacturing domain it is the key to long-term survival amid changing commercial contexts. The paper will outline some of the ergonomics issues of importance in this topic; 'ownership' of goverrnance; implications for design, production and operation; and, perhaps most important for Ergonomists, the resulting implications for the design of jobs. These implications cover organisational discipline, the inclusion of suitable, 'effort-free' metrics in engineering processes, the allocation of responsibility and …

Issues Affecting Power Engineering Undergraduate Education In Australia, D A. Robinson, Victor J. Gosbell

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

Recent changes to the electric power industry through deregulation and restructuring have had a considerable effect on power engineering education internationally. A number of Australian universities have also noticed a decline in the number of students interested in power engineering subjects, leading to the fewer graduates with power engineering knowledge. With a reduction in graduates and a perception of an aging workforce a shortage of suitably qualified power engineers for industry may be imminent. This paper provides discussion on the current status of university power engineering education within Australia and includes results from a recent Australia-wide survey of the university …

Assessing The Future Of Electrical Power Engineering: A Report On Electrical Power Engineering Manpower Requirements In Australia, Victor J. Gosbell, D A. Robinson

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

In 2001 the Electric Energy Society of Australia (EESA) developed concerns based on anecdotal evidence that there was a looming shortage of electrical power engineers in Australia. Information from the electrical power industry and academic communities was obtained through two separate survey questionnaires, a discussion workshop, and a number of submissions. This information was collated and compiled into 'Assessing the Future of Electrical Power Engineering: a Report on Electrical Power Engineering Manpower Requirements in Australia'.

Behavioural Modelling Of High Temperature Superconducting Wires And Coils For Power Engineering Applications, Thomas Hardjono, Christopher David Cook, Sarath Perera

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

Many aspects of the behaviour of high temperature superconducting (HTS) wires are well understood for dc applications. However, models of HTS suitable for use in circuit analysis by power engineers designing HTS applications are not readily available. This paper describes the initial development of suitable models for HTS wire. The V-I characteristics for wires carrying dc transport current can be empirically determined using a power law V=kIn. Experimentally measured V-I characteristics are fitted using the above power law. This enables the simulation of the behaviour of Bi-2223/Ag wire using the well-known circuit simulator PSpice. Other factors affecting the dc critical …