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Articles 1 - 30 of 34
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Modeling Residence Time Distribution Of Chromatographic Perfusion Resin For Large Biopharmaceutical Molecules: A Computational Fluid Dynamic Study, Kevin Vehar
KGI Theses and Dissertations
The need for production processes of large biotherapeutic particles, such as virus-based particles and extracellular vesicles, has risen due to increased demand in the development of vaccinations, gene therapies, and cancer treatments. Liquid chromatography plays a significant role in the purification process and is routinely used with therapeutic protein production. However, performance with larger macromolecules is often inconsistent, and parameter estimation for process development can be extremely time- and resource-intensive. This thesis aimed to utilize advances in computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling to generate a first-principle model of the chromatographic process while minimizing model parameter estimation's physical resource demand. Specifically, …
Pascal's Mystic Hexagon In Tropical Geometry, Hanna Hoffman
Pascal's Mystic Hexagon In Tropical Geometry, Hanna Hoffman
HMC Senior Theses
Pascal's mystic hexagon is a theorem from projective geometry. Given six points in the projective plane, we can construct three points by extending opposite sides of the hexagon. These three points are collinear if and only if the six original points lie on a nondegenerate conic. We attempt to prove this theorem in the tropical plane.
Synthesis And Reactivity Of A New Platinum(Ii) Complex, Maria Lew
Synthesis And Reactivity Of A New Platinum(Ii) Complex, Maria Lew
Scripps Senior Theses
Alkanes are some of the most abundant organic molecules, yet currently there are no efficient ways of directly converting them to more functional molecules. One viable method of direct functionalization is C–H bond activation by transition metal catalysts. The focus of this research has been the synthesis of a new Pt(II) pincer complex to be used in mechanistic investigations of C–H activation, as well as the beginnings of those investigations. The complex [NNON]PtMe was successfully synthesized. Reactions with various acids indicated that [NNON]PtMe is capable of reductively eliminating methane after addition of two equivalents of acid. …
Decay And Dissipation: Finding Energy Level Jumps In A Harmonic Oscillator System Using Fortran And Fourier Analysis, Clara Chilton
Decay And Dissipation: Finding Energy Level Jumps In A Harmonic Oscillator System Using Fortran And Fourier Analysis, Clara Chilton
Scripps Senior Theses
In this paper, I will look at a mass-spring system that can be described by a Hamiltonian. In most systems described by a Hamiltonian, the energy levels will be quantized, and the system will be able to jump between them. However, many methods of finding these jumps aren’t well-suited to numerical analysis. I’ll use a Markovian approximation (The Liouville von Neuman Equation), which allows me to use only the last time step to find the current one. Using this, I will analyze the system to find the time evolution of the probability density matrix – whose diagonal shows the probability …
Intercropping For Water Conservation: Environmental And Economic Implications Of A Sustainable Farming Practice In California's Central Valley, Sophie Baker
Scripps Senior Theses
California’s agricultural sector is the biggest water consumer in the state and faces intense pressure to reduce its overall water usage. Industrialized monoculture systems dominate the industry and often disregard long-term environmental and economic externalities for short-term profit maximization. To maintain longstanding food security and economic stability as well as protect the state’s water supply, it is critical that these systems transition to more sustainable and resilient production mechanisms. As an alternative to monoculture, intercropping affords greater potential to conserve water, protect soil quality, and increase crop yields, among other metrics of sustainability. However, there has been much controversy over …
Spectral Analysis Of Complex Dynamical Systems, Casey Lynn Johnson
Spectral Analysis Of Complex Dynamical Systems, Casey Lynn Johnson
CGU Theses & Dissertations
The spectrum of any differential equation or a system of differential equations is related to several important properties about the problem and its subsequent solution. So much information is held within the spectrum of a problem that there is an entire field devoted to it; spectral analysis. In this thesis, we perform spectral analysis on two separate complex dynamical systems. The vibrations along a continuous string or a string with beads on it are the governed by the continuous or discrete wave equation. We derive a small-vibrations model for multi-connected continuous strings that lie in a plane. We show that …
Use Of Kalman Filtering In State And Parameter Estimation Of Diabetes Models, Cassidy Le
Use Of Kalman Filtering In State And Parameter Estimation Of Diabetes Models, Cassidy Le
HMC Senior Theses
Diabetes continues to affect many lives every year, putting those affected by it at higher risk of serious health issues. Despite many efforts, there currently is no cure for diabetes. Nevertheless, researchers continue to study diabetes in hopes of understanding the disease and how it affects people, creating mathematical models to simulate the onset and progression of diabetes. Recent research by David J. Albers, Matthew E. Levine, Andrew Stuart, Lena Mamykina, Bruce Gluckman, and George Hripcsak1 has suggested that these models can be furthered through the use of Data Assimilation, a regression method that synchronizes a model with a …
On The Mysteries Of Interpolation Jack Polynomials, Havi Ellers
On The Mysteries Of Interpolation Jack Polynomials, Havi Ellers
HMC Senior Theses
Interpolation Jack polynomials are certain symmetric polynomials in N variables with coefficients that are rational functions in another parameter k, indexed by partitions of length at most N. Introduced first in 1996 by F. Knop and S. Sahi, and later studied extensively by Sahi, Knop-Sahi, and Okounkov-Olshanski, they have interesting connections to the representation theory of Lie algebras. Given an interpolation Jack polynomial we would like to differentiate it with respect to the variable k and write the result as a linear combination of other interpolation Jack polynomials where the coefficients are again rational functions in k. In this …
A Discrete Analogue For The Poincaré-Hopf Theorem, Savana Ammons
A Discrete Analogue For The Poincaré-Hopf Theorem, Savana Ammons
HMC Senior Theses
In this thesis, we develop a discrete analogue to the Poincaré–Hopf Theorem. We define the notion of a vector field on a graph, and establish an index theory for such a field. Specifically, we create well-defined indices for the nodes and “cells" formed by a planar graph. Then, we show that the sum of these indices remains constant for certain types of planar graphs, regardless of the discrete vector fields they have.
Where The Wild Knots Are, Forest Kobayashi
Where The Wild Knots Are, Forest Kobayashi
HMC Senior Theses
The new work in this document can be broken down into two main parts. In the first, we introduce a formalism for viewing the signed Gauss code for virtual knots in terms of an action of the symmetric group on a countable set. This is achieved by creating a "standard unknot" whose diagram contains countably-many crossings, and then representing tame knots in terms of the action of permutations with finite support. We present some preliminary computational results regarding the group operation given by this encoding, but do not explore it in detail. To make the encoding above formal, we require …
An Exploration Of Combinatorial Interpretations For Fibonomial Coefficients, Richard Shapley
An Exploration Of Combinatorial Interpretations For Fibonomial Coefficients, Richard Shapley
HMC Senior Theses
We can define Fibonomial coefficients as an analogue to binomial coefficients as F(n,k) = FnFn-1 … Fn-k+1 / FkFk-1…F1, where Fn represents the nth Fibonacci number. Like binomial coefficients, there are many identities for Fibonomial coefficients that have been proven algebraically. However, most of these identities have eluded combinatorial proofs.
Sagan and Savage (2010) first presented a combinatorial interpretation for these Fibonomial coefficients. More recently, Bennett et al. (2018) provided yet another interpretation, that is perhaps more tractable. However, there still has been little progress towards using these interpretations …
Agent-Based Modeling Of Locust Foraging And Social Behavior, Hannah Larson
Agent-Based Modeling Of Locust Foraging And Social Behavior, Hannah Larson
HMC Senior Theses
Locust swarms contain millions of individuals and are a threat to agriculture on four continents. At low densities, locusts are solitary foragers; however, when crowded, they undergo an epigenetic phase change to a gregarious state in which they are attracted to other locusts. It is believed that this is an evolutionary adaptation that optimizes the seeking of resources. We have developed an agent-based model based on the solitary-gregarious transition and foraging behaviors due to hunger levels. A novel feature of our model is that it treats food resources as a dynamic variable in the environment. We discuss how social interaction …
A Coherent Proof Of Mac Lane's Coherence Theorem, Luke Trujillo
A Coherent Proof Of Mac Lane's Coherence Theorem, Luke Trujillo
HMC Senior Theses
Mac Lane’s Coherence Theorem is a subtle, foundational characterization of monoidal categories, a categorical concept which is now an important and popular tool in areas of pure mathematics and theoretical physics. Mac Lane’s original proof, while extremely clever, is written somewhat confusingly. Many years later, there still does not exist a fully complete and clearly written version of Mac Lane’s proof anywhere, which is unfortunate as Mac Lane’s proof provides very deep insight into the nature of monoidal categories. In this thesis, we provide brief introductions to category theory and monoidal categories, and we offer a precise, clear development of …
Causal Effect Random Forest Of Interaction Trees For Learning Individualized Treatment Regimes In Observational Studies: With Applications To Education Study Data, Luo Li
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Learning individualized treatment regimes (ITR) using observational data holds great interest in various fields, as treatment recommendations based on individual characteristics may improve individual treatment benefits with a reduced cost. It has long been observed that different individuals may respond to a certain treatment with significant heterogeneity. ITR can be defined as a mapping between individual characteristics to a treatment assignment. The optimal ITR is the treatment assignment that maximizes expected individual treatment effects. Rooted from personalized medicine, many studies and applications of ITR are in medical fields and clinical practice. Heterogeneous responses are also well documented in educational interventions. …
Preliminary Study Of Highway Pavement And Materials, Omer Eljairi
Preliminary Study Of Highway Pavement And Materials, Omer Eljairi
CGU Theses & Dissertations
This preliminary study covered (a) the effects of in-place air voids and other factors on fatigue cracking using Long-Term Pavement Performance data, (b) fracture properties of asphalt concrete in a semicircular bend (SCB) test using a noncontact camera and crosshead movement, and (c) hot applied modified-binder-chip-seal field performance in California. The objective is to improve pavement performance and life, establish a quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) tests of fracture properties of asphalt mixtures, and save millions of dollars on maintenance and rehabilitation. Chapter 1 investigated the effect of in-place air voids (AV), asphalt content (AC), bulk-specific gravity (BSG), and maximum specific …
Shrimp Farming In Thailand: A Pathway To Sustainability, Warinyupa Phornprapha
Shrimp Farming In Thailand: A Pathway To Sustainability, Warinyupa Phornprapha
Pomona Senior Theses
Throughout this thesis I have laid out several factors that have contributed to the sustainability of shrimp farming in Thailand, and if sustainability whilst maintaining production can ever be achieved. To find out the current situation of shrimp farming in Thailand, the history of global and Thai shrimp farming is described. The social and environmental problems of the unsustainable history of shrimp farming in Thailand is then considered. Solutions to these effects conclude that it is up to the consumer to demand for better regulations from the government and the shrimp companies to ensure a sustainable future for shrimp farming …
Characterizing Solar Cells, Katheryn R. Kornegay
Characterizing Solar Cells, Katheryn R. Kornegay
Pomona Senior Theses
Perovskite solar cells and organic photovoltaics are both attractive because of their potential flexibility, tunable material properties, and low cost. Though perovskite solar cells have reached efficiencies comparable to conventional silicon solar cells, these have only occurred with lab-scale devices. Organic photovoltaics have much lower operating efficiencies than both perovskite and silicon solar cells, often due to non-uniformities and defects. In this thesis, we use two different techniques to better characterize these two types of solar cells. For perovskite solar cells, we use a drift-diffusion model, to characterize the transition between different doped states in its hole-transport layer, Spiro-OMeTAD, and …
Electrodynamics Modeling Of Plasmonic-Organic Hybrid Waveguides, Marcus Michel
Electrodynamics Modeling Of Plasmonic-Organic Hybrid Waveguides, Marcus Michel
Pomona Senior Theses
Optical fibers have multiple advantages over conventional electrical connections, such as lower energy losses and higher bandwidth. To use optics for chip-to-chip communication, electro-optic (EO) modulators need to be scaled down to be incorporated on integrated circuits. This size reduction has been accomplished using plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) waveguides, which make use of nonlinear organic EO materials and surface plasmon polaritons to achieve light modulation in devices with lengths on the micron scale. As these devices are just starting to be developed, there are many avenues for their potential optimization. In order to streamline and reduce the cost of the optimization …
Contaminants Of Emerging Concern: Reconsidering Our Paradigm Of Water Pollution, Jonathan Gunasti
Contaminants Of Emerging Concern: Reconsidering Our Paradigm Of Water Pollution, Jonathan Gunasti
Pomona Senior Theses
In this senior thesis, I explore contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and discuss the ways in which these novel contaminants defy traditional notions of pollution. I discuss the history and “emergence” of CECs and EDCs in scientific and public spheres and outline ongoing challenges to recognizing, prioritizing, and understanding the action of these contaminants. I position EDCs within the framework of environmental injustice and health disparities and suggest that these compounds could reinforce multigenerational health inequities. Finally, I perform a pilot analysis of the EDC bisphenol A (BPA) in Mt. Baldy Creek, the Los Angeles …
Stationary Distribution Of Recombination On 4x4 Grid Graph As It Relates To Gerrymandering, Camryn Hollarsmith
Stationary Distribution Of Recombination On 4x4 Grid Graph As It Relates To Gerrymandering, Camryn Hollarsmith
Scripps Senior Theses
A gerrymandered political districting plan is used to benefit a group seeking to elect more of their own officials into office. This practice happens at the city, county and state level. A gerrymandered plan can be strategically designed based on partisanship, race, and other factors. Gerrymandering poses a contradiction to the idea of “one person, one vote” ruled by the United States Supreme Court case Reynolds v. Sims (1964) because it values one demographic’s votes more than another’s, thus creating an unfair advantage and compromising American democracy. To prevent the practice of gerrymandering, we must know how to detect a …
Complex Ciliary Flows Around Stentor Polymorphus In Solutions Of 2% Buttermilk And Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Eliana B. Smithstein
Complex Ciliary Flows Around Stentor Polymorphus In Solutions Of 2% Buttermilk And Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Eliana B. Smithstein
Scripps Senior Theses
Stentor are large, unicellular ciliates of the Heterotricha order. They live in both freshwater and marine habitats and are mostly found in ponds. I studied Stentor polymorphus, which is a species of Stentor only recently discovered to be lab culturable. They range from 0.5-1.5mm in length and are unusual because they live with endosymbiotic algae and are much more likely than other, more widely studied, species of Stentor to form aggregates while they are eating. There are three main components to this thesis: First, I established protocols for keeping a viable S. polymorphus culture, since no protocols had been …
Novel Random Forest Methods And Algorithms For Autism Spectrum Disorders Research, Afrooz Jahedi
Novel Random Forest Methods And Algorithms For Autism Spectrum Disorders Research, Afrooz Jahedi
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Random Forest (RF) is a flexible, easy to use machine learning algorithm that was proposed by Leo Breiman in 2001 for building a predictor ensemble with a set of decision trees that grow in randomly selected subspaces of data. Its superior prediction accuracy has made it the most used algorithms in the machine learning field. In this dissertation, we use the random forest as the main building block for creating a proximity matrix for multivariate matching and diagnostic classification problems that are used for autism research (as an exemplary application). In observational studies, matching is used to optimize the balance …
High Order Explicit Semi-Lagrangian Method For The Solution Of Lagrangian Transport And Stochastic Differential Equations, Hareshram Natarajan
High Order Explicit Semi-Lagrangian Method For The Solution Of Lagrangian Transport And Stochastic Differential Equations, Hareshram Natarajan
CGU Theses & Dissertations
A semi-Lagrangian method is developed for the solution of Lagrangian transport equations and stochastic differential equations that is consistent with Discontinuous Spectral Element Method (DSEM) approximations of Eulerian conservation laws. The method extends the favorable properties of DSEM that include its high-order accuracy, its local and boundary fitted properties and its high performance on parallel platforms for the concurrent semi-Lagrangian and Eulerian solution of a class of time-dependent problems that can be described by coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian formulations. Such formulations include the probabilistic models used for the simulation of chemically reacting turbulent flows or particle-laden flows. Motivated by the high-fidelity simulation …
Plastics Derived From Derelict Fishing Gear In The Arctic: Looking At Sustainable Fisheries For A Strategy Of Mitigation, Remediation And Prevention In Iceland And Alaska, Natalie S. Armstrong
Plastics Derived From Derelict Fishing Gear In The Arctic: Looking At Sustainable Fisheries For A Strategy Of Mitigation, Remediation And Prevention In Iceland And Alaska, Natalie S. Armstrong
Pitzer Senior Theses
Marine plastics are not just a problem, they are a silent, sinister epidemic. Marine plastics are the largest economic and ecological threat to our marine ecosystems, particularly marine plastics derived from lost and or discarded fishing gear, which affects sensitive marine communities, the chemical composition of the ocean water, and the physical makeup of the seafloor. With 6.4 million tons of marine debris entering our oceans annually, a third of which is lost fishing gear, it is estimated that, by weight, in 2050 there will be an accumulation of more plastic than fish in the ocean (Heath, 2018; Wilcox, 2015). …
K-Means Stock Clustering Analysis Based On Historical Price Movements And Financial Ratios, Shu Bin
K-Means Stock Clustering Analysis Based On Historical Price Movements And Financial Ratios, Shu Bin
CMC Senior Theses
The 2015 article Creating Diversified Portfolios Using Cluster Analysis proposes an algorithm that uses the Sharpe ratio and results from K-means clustering conducted on companies' historical financial ratios to generate stock market portfolios. This project seeks to evaluate the performance of the portfolio-building algorithm during the beginning period of the COVID-19 recession. S&P 500 companies' historical stock price movement and their historical return on assets and asset turnover ratios are used as dissimilarity metrics for K-means clustering. After clustering, stock with the highest Sharpe ratio from each cluster is picked to become a part of the portfolio. The economic and …
Discrete Geometry And Covering Problems, Alexander Hsu
Discrete Geometry And Covering Problems, Alexander Hsu
CMC Senior Theses
This thesis explores several problems in discrete geometry, focusing on covering problems. We first go over some well known results, explaining Keith Ball's solution to the symmetric Tarski plank problem, as well as results of Alon and F\"uredi on covering all but vertices of a cube with hyperplanes. The former extensively utilizes techniques from matrix analysis, and the latter applies polynomial method. We state and explore the related problem, asking for the number of parallel hyperplanes required to cover a given discrete set of points in $\mathbb{Z}^{d}$ whose entries are bounded, and prove that there exist sets which are ``difficult'' …
Gravity-Drawing Flexible Silicone Filaments As Fiber Optics And Model Foldamers, Katherine Snell
Gravity-Drawing Flexible Silicone Filaments As Fiber Optics And Model Foldamers, Katherine Snell
CMC Senior Theses
Here, we present a method of gravity-drawing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone fibers with application as fiber optics and as model foldamers. Beginning as a viscous liquid, PDMS is cured using heat until its measured viscosity reaches 4000 mPa•s. The semi-cured elastomer is then extruded through a tube furnace to produce thin (diameters on the order of hundred micrometers) filaments with scalable lengths. PDMS is biocompatible, gas-permeable, flexible, and hydrophobic. Additionally, the PDMS surface hydrophobicity can be modified via UV exposure, O2 plasma, and corona discharge. We demonstrate the patternibility (i.e patterns of hydrophobicity) of PDMS fibers, adding complexity to potential foldamer …
An Exploration Of 5g Wireless Network Attenuation Using Finite Element Analysis In Comsol Multiphysics, Matthew Johnson
An Exploration Of 5g Wireless Network Attenuation Using Finite Element Analysis In Comsol Multiphysics, Matthew Johnson
CMC Senior Theses
5G, ultra-high frequency wireless networks face numerous hurdles due to significant signal attenuation in materials and large path loss. Empirical research on signal attenuation has been limited to low frequencies or very select high frequencies. This paper utilizes Finite Element Analysis in COMSOL Multiphysics to analyze signal attenuation in materials over a range of the frequency spectrum, from 100Mhz to 40Ghz, which is inclusive of 5G wireless frequencies. The focus of this paper is on glass and dry wood, as well as wet wood (representative of trees), as these materials are some of the most likely to stand in the …
Optimal Execution In Cryptocurrency Markets, Ethan Kurz
Optimal Execution In Cryptocurrency Markets, Ethan Kurz
CMC Senior Theses
The purpose of this paper is to study the Almgren and Chriss model on the optimal execution of large block orders both on the NYSE and in cryptocurrency exchanges. Their model minimizes execution costs, which include linear temporary and permanent price impacts. We focus on how the stock market microstructure differs from a cryptocurrency exchange microstructure and what that means for how the model functions. Once the model and microstructures are explained, we examine how the Almgren-Chriss model functions with stocks from the NYSE, looking at specifically selling a large number of shares. We then investigate how a large "wholesale" …
Machine Learning Methods For The Analysis Of Metagenomes, Vito Adrian Cantu Alessio Robles
Machine Learning Methods For The Analysis Of Metagenomes, Vito Adrian Cantu Alessio Robles
CGU Theses & Dissertations
As of October 2020, there are 18.6 × 1015 DNA base pairs publicly available in the Sequence Read Archive and this number is growing at an exponential rate. As DNA sequencing prices continue to drop, many research groups around the world have incorporated high throughput sequencing in their research, giving us access to sequences from many distinct ecosystems. This has revolutionized the field of metagenomics, which aims to fully characterize all organisms and their interactions in a particular system. Nevertheless, the plethora of available data has made its analysis difficult as traditional techniques such as genome assembly or sequence alignment …