Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

A Multivariate Analysis Of The Gravitational Wave Signal Landscape From Core Collapse Supernovae, Raul Alberto Espinosa Perez

Theses and Dissertations

Core collapse supernovae (CCSN) are highly anticipated sources of gravitational waves (GW) during the on-going fourth observation run (O4) of GW detectors like LIGO and the future observation runs. The GW signal from the CCSN cannot be modeled mathematically. Several groups around the world have engaged in simulation of the predicted GW signals from CCSN sources. These simulations are carried out in supercomputers, and they incorporate general relativity, hydrodynamics, neutrino physics, mass and angular momentum of the stellar progenitor and nuclear equations of state (EoS). The output consists of simulated signals with varying duration, peak frequency, GW energy and time-frequency …

Supernova Neutrino Burst Detection With The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monslave, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernadez, Roberto Petti

Faculty Publications

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), a 40-kton underground liquid argon time projection chamber experiment, will be sensitive to the electronneutrino flavor component of the burst of neutrinos expected from the next Galactic core-collapse supernova. Such an observation will bring unique insight into the astrophysics of core collapse as well as into the properties of neutrinos. The general capabilities of DUNE for neutrino detection in the relevant few- to few-tens-of-MeV neutrino energy range will be described. As an example, DUNE’s ability to constrain the ν_e spectral parameters of the neutrino burst will be considered.

Analysis Of Subtelomeric Rextal Assemblies Using Quast, Tunazzina Islam, Desh Ranjan, Mohammad Zubair, Eleanor Young, Ming Xiao, Harold Riethman

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Genomic regions of high segmental duplication content and/or structural variation have led to gaps and misassemblies in the human reference sequence, and are refractory to assembly from whole-genome short-read datasets. Human subtelomere regions are highly enriched in both segmental duplication content and structural variations, and as a consequence are both impossible to assemble accurately and highly variable from individual to individual. Recently, we developed a pipeline for improved region-specific assembly called Regional Extension of Assemblies Using Linked-Reads (REXTAL). In this study, we evaluate REXTAL and genome-wide assembly (Supernova) approaches on 10X Genomics linked-reads data sets partitioned and barcoded using the …

Supernovae Distributions And Their Relationships To Classes Of Stars, Sydney Menne

Arts & Sciences Undergraduate Showcase

Aims. Data from astronomical catalogs are plotted as spatial distributions of stars and supernovae throughout the Milky Way galaxy and the universe. I examined correlations seen between the luminosity classes of stars, types of supernovae, and selection effects observed in the data.

Methods. Data was gathered from three catalogs; the Gliese Catalog of Nearby Stars, the Tycho-2 Catalog, and the Open Supernova Catalog. Graphs and diagrams were created to visualize the distributions of the stellar luminosity classes and supernova types at different radial distances from the Sun. Trendlines were fit through the data to examine extrapolated predictions.

Results/Conclusions. Documenting stars …

An Explicit Asymptotic Approach Applied To Neutrino-Electron Scattering In The Neutrino Transport Problem, Aaron Michael Lackey-Stewart

Masters Theses

This thesis presents results of explicit asymptotic calculations applied to neutrino-electron collisions in the neutrino transport problem; a problem that is generally solved using implicit methods when simulating core collapsed supernovae. It is shown that the explicit asymptotic method provides stable solutions to these stiff systems of equations while also yielding comparative accuracy and time stepping to standard implicit treatments such as Backward Euler, Fixed Point Iteration, and Anderson Accelerated Fixed Point. Because implicit methods are found to be less efficient for large systems of stiff, coupled equations, these results could help cut costs in solving this problem while also …

Laboratory Plasma Tests Towards The Production Of Simulated Supernova Shock Waves, Elatia Zaffke, John Sinko, Matthew Thomas, Elisha Polomski

SCSU Journal of Student Scholarship

Supernovae are some of the most powerful explosions that occur in our universe. These explosions generate massive shock waves that span tens of light years in distance. They are responsible for atomic fusion that creates the denser elements, needed for the creation of planets such as our own. The goal of this project was to simulate a supernova on a small scale, in order to study the resultant shock waves and their effects upon the interstellar medium. This research can improve understanding of the impact these events have upon the formation of solar systems and the composition of the interstellar …

Thornado-Hydro: Generalizing Discontinuous Galerkin Methods For A Nuclear Equation Of State For Supernova Hydrodynamics, Brandon Lynn Barker, Eirik Endeve, Anthony Mezzacappa

Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects

No abstract provided.

A Detailed Chandra X-Ray Study Of The Galactic Core-Collapse Supernova Remnant G292.0+1.8, Jayant Bhalerao

Physics Dissertations

In this thesis, we describe our detailed analysis of the core-collapse supernova remnant (CCSNR) G292.0+1.8 (G292 hereafter) using data collected by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory (Chandra). In the first part of this thesis, we use data collected by Chandra's grating spectrometer to study the motion of the SNR's ejecta. We study this motion by measuring Doppler shifts of atomic spectral emission lines. We measure the radial velocities (vr) of 33 emission features in the remnant. We find that the ejecta have high vr (-2300 ≲ vr ≲ 1400 km s-1). We also find that most of the ejecta are moving …

Neutrino Flavor Conversions In Dense Media, Lei Ma

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

Neutrinos are abundantly produced in astrophysical environments such as core-collapse supernovae and binary neutron star mergers. Neutrino flavor conversions in the dense media play important roles in the physical and chemical evolutions of the environments. In this dissertation, I study two mechanisms through which neutrinos may change their flavors.

In the first mechanism, neutrinos can experience flavor conversions through interactions with oscillatory perturbations in matter distributions. I show that this mechanism can be understood intuitively as Rabi oscillations. I also derive criteria which can be used to determine whether such parametric resonances exist in a given environment.

In the second …

Shakespeare, A Supernova, And A Little Green Man Walk Into A Mathematics Classroom, Sheila Kirstin Miller

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

Creativity amidst constraints is a hallmark of the STEM researcher. It is precisely what is required to see what has never been seen. It is also at the core of creative mathematics, more commonly called “research”. We in the 21^st century tell ourselves that science and story are separate enterprises. One goal of this article is to tell parts of the human story—featuring Shakespeare, Tycho Brahe, visiting stars, Little Green Men, and modern astrophysics—that might erode belief in that duality and illustrate why dissolving the artificial barriers between talents within individuals is to the benefit of ourselves, our students, …

Accuracy And Stability Of Integration Methods For Neutrino Transport In Core Collapse Supernovae, Kyle A. Gregory

Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects

No abstract provided.

Nucleosynthesis In Self-Consistent Core-Collapse Supernova Models Using Multidimensional Chimera Simulations, James Austin Harris

Doctoral Dissertations

Observations of nuclear abundances in core-collapse supernova (CCSN) ejecta, highlighted by γ-ray [gamma-ray] observations of the ⁴⁴Ti [titanium-44] spatial distribution in the nearby supernova remnants Cassiopeia A and SN 1987A, allow nucleosynthesis calculations to place powerful constraints on conditions deep in the interiors of supernovae and their progenitor stars. This ability to probe where direct observations cannot makes such calculations an invaluable tool for understanding the CCSN mechanism. Unfortunately, despite knowing for two decades that supernovae are intrinsically multi-dimensional events, discussions of CCSN nucleosynthesis have been predominantly based on spherically symmetric (1D) models, which employ a contrived energy source …

A Physically-Based Type Ii Supernova Feedback Model In Sph Simulations, Keita Todoroki

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

We implement and test a core-collapse Type II SN feedback that is physically motivated and produces good agreement with observations in galaxy formation simulations. The model includes both kinetic and thermal feedback, allowing wind particles to receive a velocity kick that mimics galactic winds and distributes mass and metallicity to the interstellar and intergalactic medium. We also include a phenomenological stellar feedback to study a possible enhancement of the efficiency of the SN-II feedback by creating lower-density ambient gas medium of the stellar populations by distribution of thermal energy. Our SN-II model is unique in the sense that it computes …

Chemical Evolution Of The Neutron-Rich Iron-Group Isotopes And Implications For The Formation Of Fun Cais, Tianhong Yu

All Dissertations

Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) are millimeter-sized refractory objects found in primitive meteorites. CAIs are considered as some of the first solids to form in the solar system, because they are refractory. FUN CAIs, those with Fractionated and Unknown Nuclear effects, are a small subset of CAIs. These FUN CAIs show correlated excesses and deficits in the neutron-rich iron-group isotopes such as ⁴⁸ Ca and ⁵⁰ Ti which regular CAIs do not. Interestingly, these isotopes are most likely produced infrequently but in huge quantities in a rare class of thermonuclear (Type Ia) supernovae. I propose that the isotopic effects in the neutron-rich …

The Power Of Thermonuclear Supernovae After One Year, Ginger Bryngelson

All Dissertations

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), the thermonuclear explosion of a white dwarf, shape our understanding of the expansion of the universe with the use of their uniformity in distance determinations. Powered by radioactivity synthesized in the explosion, they fade slowly over hundreds of days. Sometime after 200 days, the continually expanding ejecta allows γ-rays from 56 Ni and 56 Co decays to escape, and soon any radioactive power contributing to lighting up the SN comes from positrons formed in 19% of 56 Co
decays.
While at first it seemed that positrons escaped through the thinning ejecta, it has become apparent …

Supernova Remnants And Cosmic Ray Acceleration Mechanisms, Ariel L. Simons, Yasunobu Uchiyama

STAR Program Research Presentations

Supernova remnants (SNRs) are considered to be the primary energy source of galactic-origin cosmic rays. Within this prediction exist two models, leptonic and hadronic, to explain the acceleration of charged particles up to a PeV in energy. Using data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST) each model is expected to produce a distinct spectral energy distribution (SED) over a photon energy range of 100MeV to 100GeV. This analysis is focused on the methods for generating SEDs for the SNR Cassiopeia A and how they can be used to constrain the likelihood of either acceleration model.

The Core Collapse Supernova Rate In The Sdss-Ii Supernova Survey, Matthew Frederick Taylor

Wayne State University Dissertations

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey II Supernova Survey (SDSS-II SN), though designed as a type Ia supernova search for cosmology, also discovered a large sample of core collapse supernovae (CCSN). I use the SDSS-II SN data to measure the volumetric CCSN rate in the redshift range (0.03 < z < 0.09), finding a volume-averaged rate of 0.98±0.18 ×10⊃−4⊃h⊂70⊂⊃3⊃yr⊃−1⊃Mpc⊃−3⊃. The CCSN luminosity function is also extracted from the data, and its implications on the cosmic star formation history are considered.

Late‐Time X‐Ray, Uv, And Optical Monitoring Of Supernova 1979c, Stefan Immler, Robert A. Fesen, Schuyler D. Van Dyk, Kurt W. Weiler, Robert Petre, Walter H.G Lewin, David Pooley, Wolfgang Pietsch, Bernd Aschenbach, Molly C. Hammell, Gwen C. Rudie

Dartmouth Scholarship

We present results from observations of supernova (SN) 1979C with the Newton X-Ray Multi-Mirror (XMM-Newton) mission in X-rays and in UV, archival X-ray, and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data, and follow-up ground-based optical imaging. The XMM-Newton MOS spectrum shows the best-fit two-temperature thermal plasma emission characteristics of both the forward (kT_high = 4.1 keV) and reverse shock (kT_low = 0.79 keV) with no intrinsic absorption. The long-term X-ray light curve, constructed from all X-ray data available, reveals that SN 1979C is still radiating at a flux level similar to that detected by …

The Peculiar Type Ic Supernova 1997ef: Another Hypernova, Koichi Iwamoto, Takayoshi Nakamura, Ken’Ichi Nomoto, Paolo A. Mazzali, I. John Danziger, Peter Garnavich, Robert Kirshner, Saurabh Jha, David Balam, John Thorstensen

Dartmouth Scholarship

SN 1997ef has been recognized as a peculiar supernova from its light curve and spectral properties. The object was classified as a Type Ic supernova (SN Ic) because its spectra were dominated by broad absorption lines of oxygen and iron, lacking any clear signs of hydrogen or helium line features. The light curve is very different from that of previously known SNe Ic, showing a very broad peak and a slow tail. The strikingly broad line features in the spectra of SN 1997ef, which were also seen in the hypernova SN 1998bw, suggest the interesting possibility that SN 1997ef may …

Xenon Isotope Record Of Nucleosynthesis And The Early Solar System, Jauh-Tzuoh Lee, Bin Li, Oliver Manuel

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Superbubbles, T. R. Gull, F. C. Bruhweiler, Menas Kafatos, S. Sofia

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Books and Book Chapters

Individual massive stars with Mbol < -6 have huge stellar winds that create interstellar bubbles. Stars with masses greater than 8Mo (4Mo?) are considered supernova progenitors. These massive stars are numerous in OB associations where few supernova remnants are detected. Model calculations describing the evolution of an association show: i) that large, hot cavities are formed by pushing the ambient gas into neutral shells; 2) that the shell radii change with galactocentric radius, 3) that only thirty percent of the interstellar medium is in the form of supercavities and 4) that a consequence is that only a small fraction of supernovae form supernova remnants. These results have strong bearing on interpretation of interstellar studies being done by IUE and by HEAO-B.

Fossil Stromgren Spheres From Supernova Explosions, Menas Kafatos, P. Morrison

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Brandt ci at. have shown that consistency in the combined observations of the Gum Nebula requires a giant H ii region, presumably formed by the Vela X supernova explosion. Mouison and Sartori had concluded on the basis of their He ii fluorescence theory of Type I supernovae that a giant H ii region would be formed as result of the ultraviolet burst. (Bottcher ci at., by integrating over the light curve, expect a smaller H ii region.) We present here in brief some consequences of the fluorescence model as illustrated by the Vela X and the Tycho supernovae. We conclude …