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Articles 211 - 240 of 38509

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Ensemble Learning For Accurate Prediction Of Heart Sounds Using Gammatonegram Images, Sinam Ashinikumar Singh, Sinam Ajitkumar Singh, Aheibam Dinamani Singh Jul 2024

Ensemble Learning For Accurate Prediction Of Heart Sounds Using Gammatonegram Images, Sinam Ashinikumar Singh, Sinam Ajitkumar Singh, Aheibam Dinamani Singh

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The analysis of heart sound signals constitutes a pivotal domain in healthcare, with the prediction of imbalanced heart sounds offering critical diagnostic insights. However, the inherent diversity in cardiac sound patterns presents a substantial challenge in predicting imbalanced signals. Many scientific disciplines have focused a great deal of emphasis on the problem of class inequality. We introduce an ensemble learning approach employing a convolutional neural network model-based deep learning algorithm to effectively tackle the challenges associated with predicting imbalanced heart sound signals. We use a Gammatone filter bank to extract relevant features from the heard sound signal. Our approach leverages …

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Network Intrusion Detection Based On Machine Learning Strategies: Performance Comparisons On Imbalanced Wired, Wireless, And Software-Defined Networking (Sdn) Network Traffics, Hi̇lal Hacilar, Zafer Aydin, Vehbi̇ Çağri Güngör Jul 2024

Network Intrusion Detection Based On Machine Learning Strategies: Performance Comparisons On Imbalanced Wired, Wireless, And Software-Defined Networking (Sdn) Network Traffics, Hi̇lal Hacilar, Zafer Aydin, Vehbi̇ Çağri Güngör

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The rapid growth of computer networks emphasizes the urgency of addressing security issues. Organizations rely on network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs) to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access and theft. These systems analyze network traffic to detect suspicious activities, such as attempted breaches or cyberattacks. However, existing studies lack a thorough assessment of class imbalances and classification performance for different types of network intrusions: wired, wireless, and software-defined networking (SDN). This research aims to fill this gap by examining these networks’ imbalances, feature selection, and binary classification to enhance intrusion detection system efficiency. Various techniques such as SMOTE, ROS, ADASYN, …

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A New Dynamic Classifier Selection Method For Text Classification, İsmai̇l Terzi̇, Alper Kürşat Uysal Jul 2024

A New Dynamic Classifier Selection Method For Text Classification, İsmai̇l Terzi̇, Alper Kürşat Uysal

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The primary objective of employing multiple classifier systems (MCS) in pattern recognition is to enhance classification accuracy. Dynamic classifier selection (DCS) and dynamic ensemble selection (DES) are two purposeful forms of multiple classifier systems. While DES involves the selection of a classifier set followed by decision combination, DCS opts for the choice of a single competent classifier, eliminating the necessity for classifier combination. As a consequence, DCS methods exhibit superior efficiency in terms of processing time and memory usage compared to DES methods. Moreover, a substantial performance gap exists between the performance of Oracle and both DES and DCS methods. …

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Pilot Experiment For Underground In-Situ Pyrolysis Of Tar-Rich Coal In The Northern Shaanxi Province, Duan Zhonghui, Yang Fu, Wang Zhendong, Ma Li, Duan Xiaoqing, Cao Husheng, Chen Liang Jul 2024

Pilot Experiment For Underground In-Situ Pyrolysis Of Tar-Rich Coal In The Northern Shaanxi Province, Duan Zhonghui, Yang Fu, Wang Zhendong, Ma Li, Duan Xiaoqing, Cao Husheng, Chen Liang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective The breakthrough of the pilot experiment for underground in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coal in the northern Shaanxi has added new vitality to the research on in-situ conversion of fossil energy such as tar-rich coal and oil shale, and the results have attracted wide attention both inside and outside the industry. The research on underground in-situ pyrolysis of tar rich coal is still in its infancy, lacking systematic research on field engineering data.Methods Based on the pilot experiment, the main geological conditions and engineering difficulties have been clarified, and the progress of underground in-situ pyrolysis has been summarized. The …

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Downhole Heaters For In-Situ Pyrolysis Of Tar-Rich Coals：A Review And Prospects, Wang Zhendong, Duan Zhonghui, Yang Fu, Ma Li Jul 2024

Downhole Heaters For In-Situ Pyrolysis Of Tar-Rich Coals：A Review And Prospects, Wang Zhendong, Duan Zhonghui, Yang Fu, Ma Li

Coal Geology & Exploration

Significance China boasts abundant tar-rich coal resources, which prove to be potential coal-based oil and gas resources capable of ensuring China's energy security. Extracting hydrogen while preserving carbon through the in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coals has developed into a trend in the clean and low-carbon utilization of coal resources. Downhole heaters serve as critical equipment for the efficient in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coals. Advances Based on investigations and the systematic collection of relevant information and data, this study offers a brief introduction of the currently used methods for in-situ convection heating, focusing on the present situation of the research and …

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Impacts Of The Caking Property Of Tar-Rich Coals On Their Pore Structure Evolution And Seepage During Pyrolysis, Chang Zhibing, Wang Chuchu, Kuang Wenhao, Tang Ying, Wu Xiaodan, Liu Shuqin Jul 2024

Impacts Of The Caking Property Of Tar-Rich Coals On Their Pore Structure Evolution And Seepage During Pyrolysis, Chang Zhibing, Wang Chuchu, Kuang Wenhao, Tang Ying, Wu Xiaodan, Liu Shuqin

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective The in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coals stands as a technique whereby coal seams are heated underground to produce tar and gas products. During the in-situ pyrolysis, the injection of heating media and the production of tar and gas are affected by the pore structure and permeability of coal seams. Since pyrolysis of caking tar-rich coals is accompanied by the formation of colloids, the pore structure and permeability of caking tar-rich coals differ from those of non-caking tar-rich coals. Methods Caking tar-rich coals were pyrolyzed at 300, 400, 500, and 600 ℃. During the pyrolysis, the pore parameters of the …

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Distributions Of Products From The Pyrolysis Of Tar-Rich Coals For Tar Extraction In Northern Shaanxi Province, China, Yu Zunyi, Guo Wei, Yang Panxi, Gao Kun, Yang Fu, Ma Li, Wang Jing, Li Hongqiang, Yang Bolun, Wu Zhiqiang Jul 2024

Distributions Of Products From The Pyrolysis Of Tar-Rich Coals For Tar Extraction In Northern Shaanxi Province, China, Yu Zunyi, Guo Wei, Yang Panxi, Gao Kun, Yang Fu, Ma Li, Wang Jing, Li Hongqiang, Yang Bolun, Wu Zhiqiang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Tar-rich coals stand as a special type of coal resource that integrates coal, oil, and gas properties. These coals, boasting abundant hydrogen-rich structures such as side chains and bridge bonds with aliphatic structures, are prone to crack and produce tar and gas during pyrolysis. These establish tar-rich coals as ideal raw materials that produce oil and gas through thermal conversion. Presently, the research into tar extraction from tar-rich coals through pyrolysis remains in its initial stage, and exploring the impacts of technological conditions, including heat carrier, heating type, and pyrolysis temperature, on the pyrolysis process holds critical significance for …

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Table Of Contents, The Editors Jul 2024

Table Of Contents, The Editors

Coal Geology & Exploration

No abstract provided.

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Numerical Simulations Of The Evolutionary Patterns Of Multi-Physical Fields During The In-Situ Pyrolysis Of Tar-Rich Coals, Yang Fu, Cheng Xiangqiang, Li Mingjie, Wu Zhiqiang, Wei Jinjia, Cao Husheng Jul 2024

Numerical Simulations Of The Evolutionary Patterns Of Multi-Physical Fields During The In-Situ Pyrolysis Of Tar-Rich Coals, Yang Fu, Cheng Xiangqiang, Li Mingjie, Wu Zhiqiang, Wei Jinjia, Cao Husheng

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective The in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coals, an emerging technology for coal resource utilization characterized by cleanliness, high efficiency, and safety, is still in its initial development stage. This technology is greatly influenced by the evolutionary patterns of multi-physical fields and critical process parameters. Methods A numerical simulation model involving multi-physical fields was established by coupling fluid flow, heat transfer, and chemical reactions, and its reliability was verified by comparing the numerical simulation results with the pyrolysis experimental results of cylindrical coal samples. Based on the pilot test conditions, the impacts of permeability, heat-carrier flow rate, and fracture zone height …

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Pyrolysis Characteristics And Pore-Fracture Evolutionary Patterns Of Tar-Rich Coals, Geng Jishi, Wang Shuangming, Sun Qiang, Hou Enke, Yang Yuru, Hu Xin, Xue Shengze Jul 2024

Pyrolysis Characteristics And Pore-Fracture Evolutionary Patterns Of Tar-Rich Coals, Geng Jishi, Wang Shuangming, Sun Qiang, Hou Enke, Yang Yuru, Hu Xin, Xue Shengze

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Extracting coal-based oil and gas from tar-rich coal through in situ pyrolysis plays a significant role in counteracting the shortage of China's oil and gas resources and enhancing the utilization efficiency of coal resources, representing a new trend for the efficient exploitation of tar-rich coals. During the in situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coals, the internal heat transfer, as well as the migration and production of pyrolysis products, is directly influenced by the oil and gas production characteristics and the characteristics of pores and fractures. Hence, it is particularly critical to identify the pyrolysis characteristics and pore-fracture evolutionary patterns of …

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Spatiotemporal Distributions Of Typical Contaminants From The In-Situ Pyrolysis Of Tar-Rich Coals, Tian Hua, Zhang Ruolin, Wang Qianji, Wu Xiaoyu, Zhang Lei, Zhang Lingru, Fang Siyuan Jul 2024

Spatiotemporal Distributions Of Typical Contaminants From The In-Situ Pyrolysis Of Tar-Rich Coals, Tian Hua, Zhang Ruolin, Wang Qianji, Wu Xiaoyu, Zhang Lei, Zhang Lingru, Fang Siyuan

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective and Methods Under high temperatures, oil and gas produced from the in situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coals will migrate toward and accumulate in the overburden strata after passing through the fracture zones on the coal seam roof, causing potential contamination risks for the underground environment. To understand the release and distribution characteristics of typical contaminants generated from the underground pyrolysis of tar-rich coals, this study investigated the typical tar-rich coals from the Shenfu mining area of the Jurassic coalfield in northern Shaanxi Province. Based on data on the stratigraphic structures and lithology and using the self-developed equipment for similarity …

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In-Situ Pyrolysis Of Tar-Rich Coal: Effects On Geological Environments And Geological Guarantee Technology, Xu Shiang, Zhang Pingsong, Cheng Gang, Wu Haibo Jul 2024

In-Situ Pyrolysis Of Tar-Rich Coal: Effects On Geological Environments And Geological Guarantee Technology, Xu Shiang, Zhang Pingsong, Cheng Gang, Wu Haibo

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Tar-rich coal, a type of unique unconventional oil and gas resource that integrates coal, oil, and gas, can be transformed into tar, combustible gases, and semi-coke solid fuels with high added value through in-situ pyrolysis. Therefore, the in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coal has the potential to meet the challenges in achieving the green exploitation and clean, low-carbon utilization of coals in the traditional coal industry. Furthermore, in terms of how to reduce coal pollution emissions and enhance energy efficiency, this technology offers a new solution for attaining the goals of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. It also …

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Identification Of Tar-Rich Coal Based On The True Density And Natural Gamma Ray Response Of Coals, Shi Qingmin, Geng Xuhu, Wang Shuangming, Cai Yue, Han Bo, Wang Shengquan, Zhang Zhehao, He Yufei Jul 2024

Identification Of Tar-Rich Coal Based On The True Density And Natural Gamma Ray Response Of Coals, Shi Qingmin, Geng Xuhu, Wang Shuangming, Cai Yue, Han Bo, Wang Shengquan, Zhang Zhehao, He Yufei

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Tar yield, derived from the Gray-King assay, serves as the sole metric for evaluating tar-rich coal. However, insufficient exploration data hinder its effective application in the fine-scale evaluation of extensive tar-rich coal. Methods Based on binary classification, this study proposed the optimal thresholds for tar-rich coal identification using true density (ρ) and natural gamma-ray (GR) log. Moreover, this study elucidated the intrinsic mechanisms behind the significant petrophysical parameter responses of tar-rich coal. Results and Conclusions Key findings are as follows: (1) Coals with various metamorphic grades differ in identification threshold. For instance, long-flame tar-rich coal, the optimal …

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A Log-Based Method For Evaluating The Tar Yield Of Tar-Rich Coal, Tian Han, Li Ning, Wang Shuangming, Wu Hongliang, Feng Zhou, Wang Kewen, Wang Guiwen Jul 2024

A Log-Based Method For Evaluating The Tar Yield Of Tar-Rich Coal, Tian Han, Li Ning, Wang Shuangming, Wu Hongliang, Feng Zhou, Wang Kewen, Wang Guiwen

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective As a kind of coal-based oil and gas resource, tar-rich coal is significant for the supply of oil and gas resources, as well as the clean and efficient utilization of coals. Presently, the identification of tar-rich coals primarily depends on the Gray-King assay. In contrast, there is a lack of studies on the accurate identification and evaluation of tar-rich coal using geophysical methods. Methods This study investigated coals in the Jurassic Xishanyao and Badaowan Formations in Santanghu Basin, Xinjiang. Based on petrophysical experiments, as well as the typical log response characteristics of tar-rich coal, this study developed a new …

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A Method For Predicting The Tar Yield Of Tar-Rich Coals Based On The Bp Neural Network Using Multiple Indicators Of Coal Petrography And Coal Quality, Qiao Junwei, Wang Changjian, Zhao Hongchao, Shi Qingmin, Zhang Yu, Fan Qi, Wang Duo, Yuan Dandan Jul 2024

A Method For Predicting The Tar Yield Of Tar-Rich Coals Based On The Bp Neural Network Using Multiple Indicators Of Coal Petrography And Coal Quality, Qiao Junwei, Wang Changjian, Zhao Hongchao, Shi Qingmin, Zhang Yu, Fan Qi, Wang Duo, Yuan Dandan

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Tar yield, the most important coal quality parameter for coal utilization through low-temperature pyrolysis, determines the clean utilization of tar-rich coals. However, various constraints result in limited test data on tar yield in the geological exploration stage of coals, substantially restricting the fine-scale assessment and efficient utilization of tar-rich coals. Methods To achieve more scientific and accurate fine-scale tar-rich coal assessments, this study examined 1073 sets of lithotype and coal quality data obtained previously from a Jurassic coalfield in northern Shaanxi. From these data, 141 sets with 20 lithotype and coal quality parameters regarding macerals, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, …

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Geological Factors Controlling The Occurrence Of Carboniferous-Permian Tar-Rich Coals In The Ningdong Coalfield, Huang Pengcheng, Guo Weiyong, Ji Xiaoyan, Cai Feifei, Zhang Zhifeng, Huang Kang, Cheng Yunqiang, Liu Zheng, Wang Bei, Chen Rong, Shi Qingmin Jul 2024

Geological Factors Controlling The Occurrence Of Carboniferous-Permian Tar-Rich Coals In The Ningdong Coalfield, Huang Pengcheng, Guo Weiyong, Ji Xiaoyan, Cai Feifei, Zhang Zhifeng, Huang Kang, Cheng Yunqiang, Liu Zheng, Wang Bei, Chen Rong, Shi Qingmin

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective The Ningdong Coalfield of the Ordos Basin boasts abundant tar-rich coal resources, of which tar-rich coals in the Carboniferous-Permian coal seams exhibit unique occurrence characteristics due to differences in thermal evolution and sedimentary environments. Methods This study analyzed the occurrence characteristics and critical material composition of tar-rich coals in the Hongdunzi and Siguquan mining areas. Based on this, it explored the controlling effects of the degree of coalification and sedimentary environment on the tar yield. Results and Conclusions The results indicate that the Carboniferous-Permian coal seams in the Ningdong Coalfield exhibit average tar yields ranging from 7.15% to 11.07%, …

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Molecular Modeling Of Tar-Rich Coals From Northern Shaanxi And Their Molecular Dynamic Characteristics In The Process Of Pyrolysis For Tar Extraction, Guo Wei, Yang Panxi, Yu Zunyi, Yang Fu, Wang Jing, Ma Li, Li Hongqiang, Yang Bolun, Wu Zhiqiang Jul 2024

Molecular Modeling Of Tar-Rich Coals From Northern Shaanxi And Their Molecular Dynamic Characteristics In The Process Of Pyrolysis For Tar Extraction, Guo Wei, Yang Panxi, Yu Zunyi, Yang Fu, Wang Jing, Ma Li, Li Hongqiang, Yang Bolun, Wu Zhiqiang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective The pyrolysis process and mechanism of tar-rich coals remain unclear due to their complex structures. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the structure-activity relationship between their structure and the distributions of their pyrolytic products and determine the mechanism behind their pyrolysis for tar extraction. Methods Focusing on typical tar-rich coals from northern Shaanxi Province, this study calculated and constructed the molecular model of the coals using characterization methods such as carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), determining the molecular formula at C444H380O74 …

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Exploring The Pyrolysis Of Tar-Rich Coals Under The Catalysis Of Cerium-Modified Magnetic Core-Shell Hzsm-5, Zhou Anning, Zhang Zhi, Chen Yongan, Zhang Huaiqing, Bai Zhuangwei, Shi Zhiwei, He Xinfu Jul 2024

Exploring The Pyrolysis Of Tar-Rich Coals Under The Catalysis Of Cerium-Modified Magnetic Core-Shell Hzsm-5, Zhou Anning, Zhang Zhi, Chen Yongan, Zhang Huaiqing, Bai Zhuangwei, Shi Zhiwei, He Xinfu

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Tar-rich coals are valuable resources integrating coal, tar, and gas properties. Catalytic pyrolysis serves as a significant approach for achieving green and low-carbon development of tar-rich coals. However, the research and development of efficient and recyclable catalysts for the pyrolysis of tar-rich coals remains highly challenging. Methods With HZSM-5@SiO2@MgFe2O4 (HSMF) as the raw material, this study prepared HZSM-5@SiO2@MgFe2O4 (mHSMF) with a hierarchical porous structure using the hydrothermal method and alkali modification, followed by the preparation of cerium-modified mHSMF (5-CeO2/mHSMF) using the precipitation method. Employing a fixed-bed reactor, …

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Advances In Research On Hydrogenation Saturation Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Coal Tar, He Xinfu, Gao Fan, Wu Hongju, Zhang Xiaoqin, Ma Tao, Shi Zhiwei, Zhou Anning, Zhang Yating Jul 2024

Advances In Research On Hydrogenation Saturation Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Coal Tar, He Xinfu, Gao Fan, Wu Hongju, Zhang Xiaoqin, Ma Tao, Shi Zhiwei, Zhou Anning, Zhang Yating

Coal Geology & Exploration

Significance Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a predominant component in coal tar, can be used to produce jet fuels with high energy density and thermal stability through hydrogenation saturation. Based on the characteristics of the PAH hydrogenation process, this study proposed that primary challenges in PAH hydrogenation saturation include the resonance energy of PAHs themselves, the spatial site resistance of hydrogenation intermediates, and the competitive adsorption of feedstocks and intermediates on active sites in the catalysts. Progress Based on the review of research progress in catalysts for PAH hydrogenation saturation in recent years, this study analyzed the substantial factor influencing the …

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Simulation Of The Pyrolysis Process Of Tar-Rich Coals In An H2O Atmosphere Based On The Reactive Force Field Molecular Dynamics, Huang Zibo, Liu Qianru, Liu Hong, Zhou Wenjing, Wei Jinjia Jul 2024

Simulation Of The Pyrolysis Process Of Tar-Rich Coals In An H2O Atmosphere Based On The Reactive Force Field Molecular Dynamics, Huang Zibo, Liu Qianru, Liu Hong, Zhou Wenjing, Wei Jinjia

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Tar-rich coal resources, abundant in China, can be converted into energy products (e.g., chemicals and gas/liquid fuels) through pyrolysis, thus alleviating the country’s dependence on oil and gas imports. A thorough understanding of the product evolution and reaction mechanisms of the pyrolysis of tar-rich coals is crucial to research into the clean and efficient conversion processes of coals. Methods Based on the reactive force field molecular dynamics (ReaxFF MD), this study simulated the pyrolysis process of tar-rich coals (long-flame coals) and explored the impacts of the H2O atmosphere on the distribution of pyrolytic products, along with the …

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Performance Of Carbon Foams Based On Heavy Tar Produced By Tar-Rich Coal Pyrolysis, Zhang Lei, Liu Chunjiang, Song Ruikang, Wang Qi, Chen Ya, Huang Pengcheng Jul 2024

Performance Of Carbon Foams Based On Heavy Tar Produced By Tar-Rich Coal Pyrolysis, Zhang Lei, Liu Chunjiang, Song Ruikang, Wang Qi, Chen Ya, Huang Pengcheng

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective Preparing graphitized foam materials using heavy tar produced by the pyrolysis of tar-rich coals plays a significant role in the high-value utilization of tar-rich coal resources. Methods This study aims to prepare high-performance carbon foam materials by investigating the relationships between various reaction conditions and carbon foam performance. First, using mesophase asphalt prepared with heavy tar as the precursor, carbon foams were developed via the high-temperature self-foaming method. Then, the effects of different reaction temperatures, heating rates, and reaction pressures on the performance of coal tar-based carbon foams were examined. Finally, quadratic multinomial regression equations were established using Box-Behnken …

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Strategic Value And Scientific Exploration Of In-Situ Pyrolysis Of Tar-Rich Coals, Wang Shuangming, Shi Qingmin, Sun Qiang, Cui Shidong, Kou Bingyang, Qiao Junwei, Geng Jishi, Zhang Lei, Tian Hua, Jiang Pengfei, Cai Yue, Liu Lang Jul 2024

Strategic Value And Scientific Exploration Of In-Situ Pyrolysis Of Tar-Rich Coals, Wang Shuangming, Shi Qingmin, Sun Qiang, Cui Shidong, Kou Bingyang, Qiao Junwei, Geng Jishi, Zhang Lei, Tian Hua, Jiang Pengfei, Cai Yue, Liu Lang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Given China's significant demand shortfall of oil and gas, numerous constraints on oil and gas supply, an arduous task of green and low-carbon energy transition of coals, tar-rich coals, a type of coal resource integrating the properties of coal, oil, and gas, have great potential for increasing the oil and gas supply of the country. Advances Despite the successful engineering test conducted in Yulin, Shaanxi Province, in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coals remains in its exploratory stage. This technology holds great strategic value in two aspects: (1) It enables reduced demand shortfall of oil and gas in China to enhance …

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The Potential Influence Of Immune Modulatory Molecules (Tgf-Βiii And Ctla-4) In Pathogenicity Of Pcos, Mustafa Riyadh Abdullah, Hazima Mossa Alabassi Jul 2024

The Potential Influence Of Immune Modulatory Molecules (Tgf-Βiii And Ctla-4) In Pathogenicity Of Pcos, Mustafa Riyadh Abdullah, Hazima Mossa Alabassi

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterised by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, and immunological dysregulation. Immune homeostasis and inflammation management require immune functions. T-regulatory cells (Tregs) regulate PCOS's immune system, inflammation, insulin resistance, ovarian function, and homeostasis. Transforming growth factor βIII (TGF-βIII) and Cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated-protein-4 (CTLA-4) receptors on the surfaces of Treg cells are important for controlling the immune system. The study included 68 PCOS patients and 22 non-PCOS women controls aged 20–45. The waist-hip ratio (WHR) determines obesity. We evaluated serum levels and gene expression of TGF-βIII and CTLA-4 via ELISA and real-time PCR. Women with PCOS had significantly higher …

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Enhanced Optoelectronics Performance Of Hybrid Self Power Photodetectors Go: Tio2- Ad / N-Si Heterojunctions, Mohammed J. Alsultani, Maysoon F. Alias Jul 2024

Enhanced Optoelectronics Performance Of Hybrid Self Power Photodetectors Go: Tio2- Ad / N-Si Heterojunctions, Mohammed J. Alsultani, Maysoon F. Alias

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

A GO:TiO2/n-Si heterostructure has been submerged in an anthocyanin dye solution that extracted from the red cabbage plant creates a high responsivity, self-powered UV, and visible photodetectors fabricated by the spray pyrolysis technique. The GO concentrations are varied, whereas TiO2 is fixed. Thin films' structure, shape, and optical characteristics were examined using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and UV-Vis spectrophotometers respectively. Island-like polycrystalline film powders with grain boundaries and granular shapes are created. Two direct energy gaps between 3.33-3.02 and 2.39-2.04 eV exist in all films. J-V characteristics were examined. The saturation current density (J …

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Uniformly Distributing Points On A Sphere, Flavio Arrigoni Jul 2024

Uniformly Distributing Points On A Sphere, Flavio Arrigoni

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal

In this paper, we are going to present and discuss different procedures for distributing points on a sphere's surface. Furthermore, we will assess their quality with three different distribution tests. The MATHEMATICA package that we created for testing and plotting the points is publicly available.

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Modeling Virus Diffusion On Social Media Networks With The Smirq Model, Justin Browning, Arnav Mazumder, Gowri Nanda Jul 2024

Modeling Virus Diffusion On Social Media Networks With The Smirq Model, Justin Browning, Arnav Mazumder, Gowri Nanda

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal

As social networking services become more complex and widespread, users become increasingly susceptible to becoming infected with malware and risk their data being compromised. In the United States, it costs the government billions of dollars annually to handle malware attacks. Additionally, computer viruses can be spread through schools, businesses, and individuals’ personal devices and accounts. Malware affecting larger groups of people causes problems with privacy, personal files, and financial security. Thus, we developed the probabilistic SMIRQ (pSMIRQ) model that shows how a virus spreads through a generated network as a way to track and prevent future viruses. Our model is …

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Approximating Equilibria In Restricted Games, Jack W. Doyle Jul 2024

Approximating Equilibria In Restricted Games, Jack W. Doyle

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal

We consider optimal play in restricted games with linear constraints, and use ϵ-equilibria to find near-equilibrium states in these games. We present three mathematical optimization formulations -- a mixed-integer linear program (MILP), a quadratic program with linear constraints (QP), and a quadratically constrained program (QCP) -- to both approximate and identify these states. The MILP has a short runtime relative to the QP and QCP for large games (a factor 100 faster for |S|=9) and exhibits linear growth in run time, but provides only relatively weak upper bound. The QP and QCP provide a tight bound and the precise value …

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Constraining The Evolutionary Stages Of A Hypogene Karst System By Combining Morphological, Geochemical And Geochronological Data - The Example Of Carbonate Breccia-Hosted Melnička Peštera, Marjan Temovski, Zsófia Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger, Kata Molnár, László Rinyu, Alexander Wieser, Oscar Marchhart, László Palcsu Jul 2024

Constraining The Evolutionary Stages Of A Hypogene Karst System By Combining Morphological, Geochemical And Geochronological Data - The Example Of Carbonate Breccia-Hosted Melnička Peštera, Marjan Temovski, Zsófia Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger, Kata Molnár, László Rinyu, Alexander Wieser, Oscar Marchhart, László Palcsu

International Journal of Speleology

A combination of morphological observations, geochemical data from calcite minerals and geochronology by burial age dating and U-series is used to constrain the geological and geomorphological setting and the evolutionary stages of a hypogene karst system. This methodological suit is applied to Melnička Peštera, a horizontal cave developed in carbonate breccia overlying dolomite marble in Melnica locality (N. Macedonia), where hydrothermal karst development occurred in both dolomite and calcite marble. The passage morphology of the cave, having a reverse triangle, Laughöhle cross-sections, suggests development near the water table by slowly moving waters. Calcite crusts are found throughout the cave, and …

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Co2 Hypogene Speleogenesis In An Endogenic Travertine System, Mesa Del Oro, New Mexico, Usa, Victor J. Polyak, Jeffrey R. Forbes, Michael N. Spilde, Paula P. Provencio, John R. Cochran, Yemane Asmerom Jul 2024

Co2 Hypogene Speleogenesis In An Endogenic Travertine System, Mesa Del Oro, New Mexico, Usa, Victor J. Polyak, Jeffrey R. Forbes, Michael N. Spilde, Paula P. Provencio, John R. Cochran, Yemane Asmerom

International Journal of Speleology

The Mesa del Oro travertine, deposited by upwelling CO2-rich spring waters, is a large and thick mantle of calcite overlying soft Triassic Chinle Formation mudstones in western central New Mexico, USA. The travertine contains a system of small caves known as the Pronoun Cave Complex. Whut Cave is the largest known cave in the complex. While the travertine hydrologic system is no longer active, there is ample evidence that Whut Cave was formed by hypogene speleogenesis. The Whut Cave entrance is a small roughly circular shaft that descends ~four meters and intersects a linear fissure-controlled passage. Mn-oxide was …

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Revealing The Ongoing Speleogenetic Processes In An Underwater Cave Through The Application Of Natural Radionuclides And Stable Isotopes: Case Study From The Hypogene Buda Thermal Karst, Anita Erőss, Katalin Hegedűs-Csondo, Petra Kovács-Bodor, Dénes Szieberth, Ákos Horváth, György Czuppon, Andrea Mindszenty Dr, Szabolcs Leél-Őssy, Judit Mádl-Szőnyi Jul 2024

Revealing The Ongoing Speleogenetic Processes In An Underwater Cave Through The Application Of Natural Radionuclides And Stable Isotopes: Case Study From The Hypogene Buda Thermal Karst, Anita Erőss, Katalin Hegedűs-Csondo, Petra Kovács-Bodor, Dénes Szieberth, Ákos Horváth, György Czuppon, Andrea Mindszenty Dr, Szabolcs Leél-Őssy, Judit Mádl-Szőnyi

International Journal of Speleology

The underwater Molnár János Cave in the hypogene Buda Thermal Karst system (Budapest, Hungary) provides a unique site to study the effects of flowing groundwater and the interplay of fluids of different origin. The aim of the present study is to characterize the groundwater in different parts of the cave with temporal resolution, hence describe the recent speleogenetic processes within the cave. This study uses natural radioisotopes (uranium, radium, and radon) besides stable isotope ratios of oxygen and hydrogen to identify the different fluid components. The results show that the majority of the cave is situated in the flow path …

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