Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Prioritizing Stream Barrier Removal To Maximize Connected Aquatic Habitat And Minimize Water Scarcity, Maggi Kraft, David E. Rosenberg, Sarah E. Null

Watershed Sciences Student Research

Instream barriers, such as dams, culverts, and diversions, alter hydrologic processes and aquatic habitat. Removing uneconomical and aging instream barriers is increasingly used for river restoration. Historically, selection of barrier removal projects used score‐and‐rank techniques, ignoring cumulative change and the spatial structure of stream networks. Likewise, most water supply models prioritize either human water uses or aquatic habitat, failing to incorporate both human and environmental water use benefits. Here, a dual‐objective optimization model identifies barriers to remove that maximize connected aquatic habitat and minimize water scarcity. Aquatic habitat is measured using monthly average streamflow, temperature, channel gradient, and geomorphic condition …

Water Entry Of Spheres At Various Contact Angles, Nathan B. Spiers, Mohammad M. Mansoor, Jesse Belden, Tadd T. Truscott

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

It is well known that the water entry of a sphere causes cavity formation above a critical impact velocity as a function of the solid-liquid contact angle (Duez et al. 2007). Using a rough sphere with a contact angle of 120^◦, Aristoff & Bush (2009) showed that there are four different cavity shapes dependent on the Bond and Weber numbers (i.e., quasi-static, shallow, deep and surface). We experimentally alter the Bond number, Weber number and contact angle of smooth spheres and find two key additions to the literature: 1) Cavity shape also depends on the contact angle; 2) …

Upper Bounds For The Isolation Number Of A Matrix Over Semirings, Leroy B. Beasley, Seok-Zun Song

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

Let S be an antinegative semiring. The rank of an m×n matrix B over S is the minimal integer r such that B is a product of an m×r matrix and an r×n matrix. The isolation number of B is the maximal number of nonzero entries in the matrix such that no two entries are in the same column, in the same row, and in a submatrix of B of the form [b_i,j b_k,j

b_i,l b_k,l] with nonzero entries. We know that the isolation number of B is …

Differential Binding Of Tetrel-Bonding Bipodal Receptors To Monatomic And Polyatomic Anions, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Previous work has demonstrated that a bidentate receptor containing a pair of Sn atoms can engage in very strong interactions with halide ions via tetrel bonds. The question that is addressed here concerns the possibility that a receptor of this type might be designed that would preferentially bind a polyatomic over a monatomic anion since the former might better span the distance between the two Sn atoms. The binding of Cl⁻ was thus compared to that of HCOO⁻, HSO₄⁻, and H₂PO₄⁻ with a wide variety of bidentate receptors. A pair …

Creative Citizen Science Illuminates Complex Ecological Responses To Climate Change, Abraham J. Miller-Rushing, Amanda S. Gallinat, Richard B. Primack

Biology Faculty Publications

Climate change is causing the timing of key behaviors (i.e., phenology) to shift differently across trophic levels and among some interacting organisms (e.g., plants and pollinators, predators and prey), suggesting that interactions among species are being disrupted (1, 2). Studying the phenology of interactions, however, is difficult, which has limited researchers’ ability to zero in on changes in specific interactions or on the consequences of mismatches. In PNAS, Hassall et al. (3) use a combination of citizen science techniques to investigate the effects of climate change on dozens of specific interactions. They focus on a Batesian mimicry complex involving stinging …

Thermal Structure Of The Mesopause Region During The Wadis-2 Rocket Campaign, Raimund Wörl, Boris Strelnikov, Timo P. Viehl, Josef Höffner, Pierre-Dominique Pautet, Michael J. Taylor, Yucheng Zhao, Franz-Josef Lübken

Publications

This paper presents simultaneous temperature measurements by three independent instruments during the WADIS-2 rocket campaign in northern Norway (69^◦ N, 14^◦ E) on 5 March 2015. Vertical profiles were measured in situ with the CONE instrument. Continuous mobile IAP Fe lidar (Fe lidar) measurements during a period of 24 h, as well as horizontally resolved temperature maps by the Utah State University (USU) Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (AMTM) in the mesopause region, are analysed. Vertical and horizontal temperature profiles by all three instruments are in good agreement. A harmonic analysis of the Fe lidar measurements shows the presence …

Detecting Soil Macrofauna Using Ground-Penetrating Radar, Melanie N. Stock, David J. Hart, Nicholas J. Balster

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Fossorial amphibians spend up to ten months belowground, but research into this critical habitat has been impeded by a lack of noninvasive detection methods. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR), however, offers a promising tool because amphibians have theoretically strong electromagnetic (EM) contrasts relative to the soil matrix, and thus potentially high detectability. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate GPR by (2) experimentally-inducing three soil thermal regimes that promote stratification in the burrowing depths of 15 Eastern American Toads (Anaxyrus americanus americanus) during the winter of 2011–2012 in Madison, WI, USA. We calculated reflectability and established the unique …

A Multi-Ion, Flux-Corrected Transport Based Hydrodynamic Model For The Plasmasphere Refilling Problem, Kausik Chatterjee, Robert W. Schunk

All Physics Faculty Publications

The objective of this paper is the application of a newly-developed Flux-Corrected Transport (FCT) based hydrodynamic solution methodology to the plasmasphere refilling problem following a geomagnetic storm. The FCT method is extremely well-suited to the solution of nonlinear partial differential equations with shocks and discontinuities. In this solution methodology, every ion species is modeled as two separate fluids originating from the northern and southern hemispheres. We present refilling results that includes three ion (H⁺, He⁺ and O⁺) species and two neutrals (H and O). We believe that with additional modifications, the model …

Storm-Time Thermospheric Winds Over Peru, Luis A. Navarro Dominguez, B. G. Fejer

All Physics Faculty Publications

We used Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) observations at Jicamarca, Nasca and Arequipa, Peru from 2011 to 2017 to study the nighttime zonal and meridional disturbance winds over the Peruvian equatorial region. We derived initially the seasonal-dependent average thermospheric winds corresponding to 12 hours of continuous geomagnetically quiet conditions. These quiet-time climatological winds, which are in general agreement with results from the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM14), were then used as baselines for the calculation of the disturbance winds. Our results indicate that the nighttime zonal disturbance winds are westward with peak values near midnight and with magnitudes much larger than predicted by …

The Bear River's Diversion And The Cutting Of Oneida Narrows At ~55-50 Ka And Relations To The Lake Bonneville Record, Joel L. Pederson, Tammy M. Rittenour, Susanne U. Jänecke, Robert Q. Oaks Jr.

Geosciences Presentations

The Bear River’s course has shifted over Quaternary time, and its late Pleistocene integration into the Bonneville basin long has been recognized as a possible explanation for why Lake Bonneville was apparently larger than the preceding lakes in its basin, and the only one to overflow its topographic threshold.

The middle-Pleistocene Bear River joined the Snake River to the north, likely via the Portneuf River drainage. Then an episode of volcanism in the Blackfoot-Gem Valley volcanic field ~100–50 ka diverted the Bear River southward into Gem Valley. Previous chronostratigraphic and isotopic work on the Main Canyon Formation in southern Gem …

Ground, Proximal, And Satellite Remote Sensing Of Soil Moisture, Ebrahim Babaeian, Morteza Sadeghi, Scott B. Jones, Carsten Montzka, Harry Vereecken, Markus Tuller

T.W. "Doc" Daniel Experimental Forest

Soil moisture (SM) is a key hydrologic state variable that is of significant importance for numerous Earth and environmental science applications that directly impact the global environment and human society. Potential applications include, but are not limited to, forecasting of weather and climate variability; prediction and monitoring of drought conditions; management and allocation of water resources; agricultural plant production and alleviation of famine; prevention of natural disasters such as wild fires, landslides, floods, and dust storms; or monitoring of ecosystem response to climate change. Because of the importance and wide-ranging applicability of highly variable spatial and temporal SM information that …

Unclogging The Pipeline: Advancement To Full Professor In Academic Stem, Helga Van Miegroet, Christy Glass, Ronda R. Callister, Kimberly Sullivan

Ecology Center Publications

Purpose: Women remain underrepresented in academic STEM, especially at the highest ranks. While much attention has focused on early-career attrition, mid-career advancement is still largely understudied and undocumented. This paper analyzes gender differences in advancement to full professor within academic STEM at a mid-size public doctoral university in the western US, before and after the NSF-ADVANCE Program (2003-2007).

Methodology: Using faculty demographics and promotion data between 2008 and 2014, combined with faculty responses to two waves of a climate survey, the magnitude and longevity of the impact of ADVANCE on mid-career faculty advancement across gender is evaluated.

Findings: This study …

Introductory R For Water Resources - Fall 2019 - University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, David Gorelick, Gregory Characklis

All ECSTATIC Materials

This is all course material for R for Researchers, a one-credit course taught at UNC Chapel Hill in Fall 2019 to introduce upperclassmen and graduate students to the R programming language and apply learned skills in basic water resources applications, as well as other (semi-related) topics of interest to students.

Lecture notes were distributed before (as a subset of full lecture notes) and after lectures, and lectures involved collaborative coding exercises with students in class without any powerpoint material. Course material here includes:

Syllabus: rough schedule and description of lectures

Lectures: pdf lecture notes with embedded code, including …

English Translation Of Einige Gesetze Ueber Die Theilung Der Ebene Und Des Raumes, Justin Heavilin

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

The article “Einige Gesetze ueber die Theilung der Ebene und des Raumes.” was published by J. Steiner in the very first volumn of the Journal fuer die reine und angewandte Mathematik in 1826. Journal fuer die reine und angewandte Mathematik is the oldest mathematics periodical in existence.† . My translation is meant to convey the ideas published by Steiner, and when presented with the choice between translating faithfully to the original text or clarity of his ideas, I admit to choosing the later. There are two footnotes original to the text, which appear with asterisks. Where helpful I included additional …

Research On The Law Of Garlic Price Based On Big Data, Feng Guo, Pingzeng Liu, Chao Zhang, Weijie Chen, Wei Han, Wanming Ren, Yong Zheng, Jianrui Ding

Computer Science Student Research

In view of the frequent fluctuation of garlic price under the market economy and the current situation of garlic price, the fluctuation of garlic price in the circulation link of garlic industry chain is analyzed, and the application mode of multidisciplinary in the agricultural industry is discussed. On the basis of the big data platform of garlic industry chain, this paper constructs a Garch model to analyze the fluctuation law of garlic price in the circulation link and provides the garlic industry service from the angle of price fluctuation combined with the economic analysis. The research shows that the average …

Development And Application Of Big Data Platform For Garlic Industry Chain, Weijie Chen, Guo Feng, Chao Zhang, Pingzeng Liu, Wanming Ren, Ning Cao, Jianrui Ding

Computer Science Student Research

In order to effectively solve the problems which affect the stable and healthy development of garlic industry, such as the uncertainty of the planting scale and production data, the influence factors of price fluctuation is difficult to be accurately analyzed, the difficult to predict the trend of price change, the uncertainty of the market concentration, and the difficulty of the short-term price prediction etc. the big data platform of the garlic industry chain has been developed. Combined with a variety of data acquisition technology, the information collection of influencing factors for garlic industry chain is realized. Based on the construction …

Estimating Waterbird Abundance On Catfish Aquaculture Ponds Using An Unmanned Aerial System, Paul C. Burr, Sathishkumar Samiappan, Lee A. Hathcock, Robert J. Moorhead, Brian S. Dorr

Human–Wildlife Interactions

In this study, we examined the use of an unmanned aerial system (UAS) to monitor fish-eating birds on catfish (Ictalurus spp.) aquaculture facilities in Mississippi, USA. We tested 2 automated computer algorithms to identify bird species using mosaicked imagery taken from a UAS platform. One algorithm identified birds based on color alone (color segmentation), and the other algorithm used shape recognition (template matching), and the results of each algorithm were compared directly to manual counts of the same imagery. We captured digital imagery of great egrets (Ardea alba), great blue herons (A. herodias), …

Livestock Guardian Dogs And Cattle Protection: Opportunities, Challenges, And Methods, Cat D. Urbigkit

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Producer interest in using livestock guardian dogs (Canis lupus familiaris; LGDs) to protect domestic cattle (Bos taurus) is driven by expanding large carnivore predator populations and increased public concerns regarding lethal predator control in North America. However, few resources exist to guide livestock producers regarding the use of LGDs to protect cattle. This paper summarizes published information and personal ranch experiences regarding the use of LGDs to protect cattle, describes livestock-producer identified challenges to more widespread adoption of this method to deter predators, and provides guidelines for introducing pups to LGD-naïve cattle herds. I recommend more …