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Utah State University

1985

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Articles 91 - 117 of 117

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Pinyon-Juniper Volume Equations For The Central Rocky Mountain States, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service Jan 1985

Pinyon-Juniper Volume Equations For The Central Rocky Mountain States, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Gross cubic foot volume equations are now available for pinyon-juniper and several other woodland species in Nevada, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, and South Dakota. The volume equations are based on data collected as a subsample of woodland inventories conducted by Federal and State land management agencies. In these inventories, volumes of 4,705 trees were estimated by a visual sampling method.

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Costs Of Managing Nontimber Resources When Harvesting Timber In The Northern Rockies, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service Jan 1985

Costs Of Managing Nontimber Resources When Harvesting Timber In The Northern Rockies, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

When National Forest Timber is sold, land managers are required to protect other forest resources such as wildlife, soil and water, and scenic qualities. Measures taken to protect nontimber resources can raise administrative costs, lower the quantity of timber sold, and can reduce stumpage receipts. The costs of sale administration and the reduction in timber harvested can be readily derived from accounting and planning records. But little information is available on how much nontimber resources cost in terms of stumpage receipts. To provide such information, some 187 timber sales were studied on seven National Forests in the Northern Region between …

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Woodland Tree Volume Estimation: A Visual Segmentation Technique, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service Jan 1985

Woodland Tree Volume Estimation: A Visual Segmentation Technique, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Visual segmentation, a technique for estimating cubic foot volume of woodland tree species, was compared with actual volume measurement. Comparison was made during a forest inventory of pinyon-juniper woodlands in Nevada and Utah. The visual technique's accuracy, its usefulness in developing volume equations, and applicability to volume inventory were studied. This study indicated visual segmentation is not reliable for estimating volume for a single tree. However, a sample of visually estimated volumes proved adequate for developing volume equations. In an application, a bias of 0 to -9 percent of the mean cubic foot volume per acre resulted from summary of …

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Attaining Visual Quality Objectives In Timber Harvest Areas - Landscape Architects' Evaluation, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service Jan 1985

Attaining Visual Quality Objectives In Timber Harvest Areas - Landscape Architects' Evaluation, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

When management activities such as timber harvest are undertaken on National Forest lands, landscape architects establish plans and guidelines so the project will meet a desired level of visual quality. This visual quality objective (VQO) for a given project is based on forest conditions, topography, and the type of viewing that is anticipated (viewing distance, number and type of visitors, etc.). Although landscape architects provide criteria and guidelines to achieve these visual objectives, there is no direct feedback mechanism with which to monitor the public's reaction or ascertain the extent to which visual objectives are met.

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Soil Water And Temperature In Harvested And Nonharvested Pinyon-Juniper Stands, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service Jan 1985

Soil Water And Temperature In Harvested And Nonharvested Pinyon-Juniper Stands, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Tree harvesting increased soil water content, but the effect diminished over 4 years. The mean increase in soil water content was 2 to 4 percent the first year following harvest and 0 to 3 percent after 4 years. Although tree harvesting released soil water previously used by tree species, other biotic and abiotic demands increased. We speculate postharvest increases in wind and solar energy at the ground surface and increased understory transpiration in part explain the decline in soil water content differences between harvested and nonharvested plots over time.

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Effects Of Bifenox, Dcpa, And Napropamide On Ectomycorrhizal Development Of Conifer Seedlings In Central And Northern Rocky Mountain Nurseries, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service Jan 1985

Effects Of Bifenox, Dcpa, And Napropamide On Ectomycorrhizal Development Of Conifer Seedlings In Central And Northern Rocky Mountain Nurseries, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Postseeding and postgermination treatments with three weed control herbicides (Bifenox, DCPA, Napropamide) at two rates of application caused little reduction of ectomycorrhizal development on 1- and 2-year-old conifer seedlings in Central or Northern Rocky Mountain nurseries. In many cases, herbicide treatment increased ectomycorrhizal development, particularly with DCPA. In general, herbicide treatment effects on ectomycorrhizal development were species and nursery specific.

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Measurement Of Field Resistance, Rust Hazard, And Deployment Of Blister Rust-Resistant Western White Pine, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service Jan 1985

Measurement Of Field Resistance, Rust Hazard, And Deployment Of Blister Rust-Resistant Western White Pine, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Three white pine plantations, composed of materials of several levels of resistance from early generations of the blister rust resistance breeding program, were compared on the basis of annual infection and mortality rates. The sites varied in blister rust hazard; resistant materials were consistent in their performance, and the infection data behaved as one would expect if the genetic and environmental assumptions of the simple interest disease progress model were violated. Presumably, the resistant populations violate the genetic assumptions to the extent of their resistance, and any assessment of resistance performance must take into account both environmental as well as …

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Response Of Grass Species To Tree Harvesting In Singleleaf Pinyon-Utah Juniper Stands, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service Jan 1985

Response Of Grass Species To Tree Harvesting In Singleleaf Pinyon-Utah Juniper Stands, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Cover, yield, and nutrient concentrations of grasses were sampled on tree-harvested and nonharvested plots on north, west, and south aspects of a singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla)-Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) stand. Grass cover increased rapidly the first 2 years following tree harvest, but the rate of increase declined over the next 2 years. Grass yield varied among aspects and soil microsites on tree-harvested plots but not on the nonharvested plots where tree competition masked aspect and microsite effects. All grass species had greater yield and greater percentage nitrogen and phosphorus on harvested than on nonharvested plots. Low digestibility of some species …

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Applying Height Growth And Site Index Curves For Inland Douglas-Fir, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service Jan 1985

Applying Height Growth And Site Index Curves For Inland Douglas-Fir, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Methods for estimating both site index and dominant height growth for inland Douglas-fir in the Northern Rocky Mountains are presented and discussed. The methods should be applicable over a wide range of stand conditions because no restrictions were placed on species composition, stand density, spacing, or age structure in the original stem analysis sample. Increased accuracy can be obtained if habitat type is considered, because the shape of the site index curves varied with respect to three major habitat series groupings. Results are summarized in the form of equations, tables, and graphs. Precision curves are used to illustrate the relationship …

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Predicting Duff And Woody Fuel Consumed By Prescribed Fire In The Northern Rocky Mountains, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service Jan 1985

Predicting Duff And Woody Fuel Consumed By Prescribed Fire In The Northern Rocky Mountains, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

This paper presents numerical relationships of known precision for predicting duff consumption. They were established by assembling and analyzing data from three previous prescribed fire investigations and then testing them against other published data. Fuel loadings by diameter classes that differed among the studies were converted to a common set of diameter classes. The purpose of assimilating data from several studies was to develop predictive models that could be easily used by practitioners and that would apply over a wide range of conditions.

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An Application Of Discrete Optimization For Developing Economically Efficient Multiple-Use Projects, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service Jan 1985

An Application Of Discrete Optimization For Developing Economically Efficient Multiple-Use Projects, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

A discrete version of the continuous joint production model in economic theory is presented for use in designing multiple-use projects and identifying efficient management prescriptions for forest planning. Data requirements are less demanding than the continuous theoretical model, yet some of the more important features are maintained. Models can be formulated graphically or as mixed-integer programming problems that are easily solved via computerized routines.

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The Delphi Method: Application To Elk Habitat Quality, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service Jan 1985

The Delphi Method: Application To Elk Habitat Quality, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Wildlife Conservation and Management

This paper reports on the results of a study designed both to gather important information through Delphi and to evaluate several key features of the Delphi process. We intend to present information developed, and also describe and discuss Delphi so as to make resource managers more comfortable with it, aware of its potential, and willling to consider it along with other information gathering tools.

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Preliminary Geologic Map Of The Nephi 30' By 60' Quadrangle, Carbon, Emery, Juab, Sanpete, Utah, And Wasatch Counties, Utah, United States Geological Survey Jan 1985

Preliminary Geologic Map Of The Nephi 30' By 60' Quadrangle, Carbon, Emery, Juab, Sanpete, Utah, And Wasatch Counties, Utah, United States Geological Survey

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The U.S. Geological Survey is engaged in a program of field studies designed to present the geologic framework of the United States on easily read topographic maps. The maps selected as a base for these geologic data are part of the Army Map Service (AMS) series of 1° by 2° quadrangles at a scale of 1:250,000. The Price, Utah AMS 1:250,000 quadrangle is one of these maps (fig.1). For certain areas, however, chiefly those sectors of the country involved in the Geological Survey's coal exploration program, the geologic data are being compiled on newly developed base maps at a scale …

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Symmetry Behavior Of The Static Taub Universe: Effect Of Curvature Anisotropy, T. C. Shen, B. L. Hu, D. J. O'Connor Jan 1985

Symmetry Behavior Of The Static Taub Universe: Effect Of Curvature Anisotropy, T. C. Shen, B. L. Hu, D. J. O'Connor

T. -C. Shen

Using the static Taub universe as an example, we study the effect of curvature anisotropy on symmetry breaking of self-interacting scalar field. The one-loop effective potential of a λφ4 field with arbitrary coupling (ξ) is computed by ζ-function regularization. It is expressed as a perturbative series in a small anisotropy parameter α measuring the deformation from the spherical Einstein universe with radius of curvature α. This result is used for analyzing the symmetry behavior of such a system as a function of the geometric (α,α) and field (ξ,λ) parameters. The result is also used to address the question of …

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Photothermal Lens Aberration Effects In Two Laser Thermal Lens Spectrometry, Stephen E. Bialkowski Jan 1985

Photothermal Lens Aberration Effects In Two Laser Thermal Lens Spectrometry, Stephen E. Bialkowski

Stephen E. Bialkowski

A comparison of theories describing two laser photothermal lens signals is given. The aberrant nature of this lens is accounted for in a theory which treats the propagation of a monitor laser in terms of a phase shift in this laser beam wave front. The difference between theories are discussed in terms of the predicted signal strengths and temporal behavior. The aberrant theory results in smaller theoretical signal strengths and different functional relationships between signal and analyte level.

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Theory Of Spectral Asymmetries And Nonlinear Currentsin The Equatorial Electrojet, E. Kudeki, D. T. Farley, Bela G. Fejer Jan 1985

Theory Of Spectral Asymmetries And Nonlinear Currentsin The Equatorial Electrojet, E. Kudeki, D. T. Farley, Bela G. Fejer

Bela G. Fejer

The spectral up-down asymmetry of type 1 echoes returned from the equatorial electrojet irregularities is shown to be a consequence of the nonlinear development of the horizontally propagating large scale primary waves which dominate the k spectrum of the electrojet turbulence. The waves reduce the vertical electric polarization field of the electrojet and suffer second harmonic distortion as they grow. These effects together could cause an asymmetry exceeding 20% between the upward and downward components of the relative (to the ions) electron velocity associated with the primary waves. This asymmetry, which changes its direction from day to night as does …

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Influence Of Basis Set On The Calculated Properties Of (H3n–Hcl), Z. Latajka, Steve Scheiner Jan 1985

Influence Of Basis Set On The Calculated Properties Of (H3n–Hcl), Z. Latajka, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The structure of (H3N–HCl) is investigated by ab initio calculations using a number of different basis sets ranging from minimal to split valence. The effects of including a diffuse sp shell and d orbitals on Cl are considered as well. The geometries of the complex and the isolated subunits are fully optimized. Minimal basis sets (STO‐3G, STO‐6G, and MINI‐1) lead to an overestimate of the interaction between the subunits. Addition of d functions produces only a marginal improvement. The 3‐21G, 3‐21+G, MIDI‐1, and LP‐31G split‐valence sets erroneously predict an ion pair …

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Comparison Of Proton Transfers In (S2h5)+ And (O2h5)+, L. Bigham, Steve Scheiner Jan 1985

Comparison Of Proton Transfers In (S2h5)+ And (O2h5)+, L. Bigham, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The energetics and electronic rearrangements associated with proton transfer between S atoms in (H2S–H–SH2)+ are calculated using ab initio molecular orbital methods and compared with similar data in the first‐row analog (H2O–H–OH2)+. The full potential energy surface of (S2H5)+, calculated as a function of the H‐bond length as well as the position of the proton, contains two equivalent minima separated by a small energy barrier, whereas the surface of (O2H5)+ contains a single minimum corresponding to a symmetric …

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Contribution Of Dispersion To The Properties Of H2s‐‐Hf And H2s‐‐Hcl, M. M. Szczesniak, Steve Scheiner Jan 1985

Contribution Of Dispersion To The Properties Of H2s‐‐Hf And H2s‐‐Hcl, M. M. Szczesniak, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Ab initio calculations are carried out using a doubly polarized basis set. Dispersion, evaluated by second‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), is found to have a profound influence on the stabilities and structures of the H‐bonded complexes. The contribution of dispersion to the H‐bond energies of H2S‐‐HF and H2S‐‐HCl is 44% and 69%, respectively, placing this attractive term second in magnitude only to electrostatics. Reductions of the intermolecular distance of 0.17 and 0.34 Å result from inclusion of correlation effects. Nevertheless, the influence of dispersion upon the angular characteristics of the …

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A Study Of Trihalomethane Precursors In Deer Creek Reservoir, Megan J. White, V. Dean Adams Jan 1985

A Study Of Trihalomethane Precursors In Deer Creek Reservoir, Megan J. White, V. Dean Adams

Reports

Deer Creek Reservoir and tributaries were monitored from May to December 1983 in a study of the occurrence of trihalomethane (THM) precursors in the reservoir and nutrient dynamics of the reservoir system. Microcosms were used to study the effect of the following parameters on THM precursor production in the reservoir system: phosphorus loading, sediment, algal growth, and application of algicide. Additionally, THM precursor concentrations of interstitial water were analyzed in reservoir and microcosm sediment samples. Microcosms treated with ahigh phosphorus loading (70 ug/1) had THM precursor concentrations significantly higher than those measured in microcosms treated with a low phosphorus loading …

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Development Of Design Criteria For Sensitizer Photooxidation Treatment Systems, Richard J. Watts, V. Dean Adams, E. Joe Middlebrooks Jan 1985

Development Of Design Criteria For Sensitizer Photooxidation Treatment Systems, Richard J. Watts, V. Dean Adams, E. Joe Middlebrooks

Reports

Sensitized photooxidation is a physicochemical process that can degrade many toxic and refractory organic pollutants. A trace quantity of sensitizer added to the waste absorbs visible light; electronically excited intermediates then transfer the energy to decompose the waste. Engeineering design criteria were developed for industrial waste treatment lagoons that would use sensitized photooxidation. Design criteria were developed regarding optimum lagoon pH, optimum sensitizer concentration, depth and sizing of lagoons, dissolved oxygen requirements, and effect of temperature on photooxidation rate. Treatment of the refractory pesticides bromacil, terbacil, and fluometuron was investigated using methylene blue and riboflavin as sensitizers. Methylene blue-sensitized photooxidation …

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Assessment Of Control Alternatives For The Great Salt Lake, L. Douglas James, David S. Bowles Jan 1985

Assessment Of Control Alternatives For The Great Salt Lake, L. Douglas James, David S. Bowles

Reports

Introduction: Over the last few years, the rising level of the Great Salt Lake has changed Utah. It has inundated vast waterfowl feeding areas, crippled the salt industry, required raising transcontinental freeways and railroads, threatened metropolitan waste treatment plants, caused a major electrical outage, and damaged many properties. If nothing is done, approximately $3.6 billion of damages in 1985 dollars can be expected by 2050 (James et al, 1985, p.4). This threat led the State Legislature to set aside $100 million (an amount approximating the damages that had then occurred) in January 1985 to identify, select, and implement remedial measures. …

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Evaluation Of Miramat Under High Velocity Flows, C. Earl Israelsen, Frank W. Haws Jan 1985

Evaluation Of Miramat Under High Velocity Flows, C. Earl Israelsen, Frank W. Haws

Reports

Introduction: Newly constructed earth channels and steep cut and fill slopes on construction projects need temporary protection from water erosion until a protective cover of vegetation can be grown. In some instances the temporary protective measures can be left in position to serve as part of the permanent system. Various kinds of vegetative and chemical mulches are available for use as temporary control measures, and other materials such as jute, fiberglass roving, and excelsior blanket are also in use. However, for large volumes of flow and for high velocities, more substantial materials are required. One class of such materials is …

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Water Education ... With Emphasis On Deer Creek Reservoir - Provo River Drainage Area (Grades 5-8), Donald R. Daugs, C. Earl Israelsen, Mardell C. Parrish Jan 1985

Water Education ... With Emphasis On Deer Creek Reservoir - Provo River Drainage Area (Grades 5-8), Donald R. Daugs, C. Earl Israelsen, Mardell C. Parrish

Reports

Introduction: The major goals of this publication are to: * promote an awareness of the importance of water resources associated with the target watershed; * provide teachers with learning resources which are easily used in the classroom or in the field; and * provide teachers with teaching materials which help satisfy State Core Standards.

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Water Well Pump Efficiency Monitor Units, Calvin G. Clyde, Duard S. Woffinden, Graeme Duncan Jan 1985

Water Well Pump Efficiency Monitor Units, Calvin G. Clyde, Duard S. Woffinden, Graeme Duncan

Reports

Indroduction: As the costs for pumping municipal, industrial and irrigation water rise, owners and the public area giving increased attention to energy conservation. One way to conserve energy is to operate water pumps at or near peak efficiency. The measurement of pump efficiency usually requires a special test equipment, a skilled operator and time to perform the test. Owners may find it more economical to waste power than to monitor for inefficiencies. One way to help change this situation is to develop inexpensive equipment for unskilled people to use to obtain rapid measurements of pump efficiency under typical operating conditions. …

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Optimal Configuration Of Regional Water Supply Systems (Wasopt2) , Mohamed L. Al-Eryani, Trevor C. Hughes Jan 1985

Optimal Configuration Of Regional Water Supply Systems (Wasopt2) , Mohamed L. Al-Eryani, Trevor C. Hughes

Reports

Any water supply system can be conceptualized as consisting of three componenets--source development facilities (including treatment), transmission facilities, and a distribution network. The scope of this report is limited to the first two--the source related facilities upstream from the distribution network. In the mathematical modeling of regional rural systems, the number of variables, and hence the size of the model, increases rapidly as the number of system componenets and their alternative designs increase. Regardless of the method of solution, manual preparation of large models is cumbersome and is vulnerable to human error both in the computations of the matrix coefficients …

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Bedrock Aquifers Of Eastern San Juan County, Utah, United States Geological Survey Jan 1985

Bedrock Aquifers Of Eastern San Juan County, Utah, United States Geological Survey

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This study is one of a series of studies appraising the water-bearing properties of the Navajo Sandstone and associated formations in southern Utah. The study area is about 4,600 square miles, extending from the Utah-Arizona State line northward to the San Juan-Grand County line and westward from the Utah-Colorado State line to the longitude of about 109 degrees 50 minutes.

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