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Articles 1 - 30 of 90
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Companionship, Romance, And Self-Perception With Conversational Chatbots, Jonathan Windsor
Companionship, Romance, And Self-Perception With Conversational Chatbots, Jonathan Windsor
Student Research Submissions
Serving as a metaphorical gateway transcending the communicative barriers of physical relationships in interpersonal dialogues, artificial imators of human behavior and speech, also known as conversational chatbots; a simulation of human knowledge and existence in a bi-directional conversation, functions as a rhetor of expression. Spanning from contexts of professional to romantic, I serve to dissect and critically analyze the nuances of human-machine relationships based on pre-established literature, inviting ethical considerations and biases in their design and marketing. Corporate influences spark pre-established servitude-esque relationships with conversational agents. Professional applications, both task-oriented and emotionally based alike, paint a mixed picture of …
The Impact Of Heterogeneous Voting Strategies And Candidate Issue Adaptation On Elections: An Agent-Based Model, Harmony Peura
The Impact Of Heterogeneous Voting Strategies And Candidate Issue Adaptation On Elections: An Agent-Based Model, Harmony Peura
Student Research Submissions
Political candidates in a democracy articulate positions on the issues of the day, but they are also highly aware of voter sentiment on those issues, and tailor their campaigns accordingly as they seek to win elections. Voters, too, adjust their political opinions based on (among other things) interactions with others in their social network. I present an agent-based simulation that models this dynamic interplay between candidates and voters, in order to shed light on what outcomes candidates can expect to result from a policy of “chasing” votes. The voters in the simulation differ from one another in the decision procedure …
Boolean Group Structure In Class Groups Of Positive Definite Quadratic Forms Of Primitive Discriminant, Christopher Albert Hudert Jr.
Boolean Group Structure In Class Groups Of Positive Definite Quadratic Forms Of Primitive Discriminant, Christopher Albert Hudert Jr.
Student Research Submissions
It is possible to completely describe the representation of any integer by binary quadratic forms of a given discriminant when the discriminant’s class group is a Boolean group (also known as an elementary abelian 2-group). For other discriminants, we can partially describe the representation using the structure of the class group. The goal of the present project is to find whether any class group with 32 elements and a primitive positive definite discriminant is a Boolean group. We find that no such class group is Boolean.
Analytical And Numerical Analysis Of The Sirs Model, Catherine Nguyen
Analytical And Numerical Analysis Of The Sirs Model, Catherine Nguyen
Student Research Submissions
Mathematical models in epidemiology describe how diseases affect and spread within a population. By understanding the trends of a disease, more effective public health policies can be made. In this paper, the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible (SIRS) Model was examined analytically and numerically to compare with the data for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since the SIRS model is a complex model, analytical techniques were used to solve simplified versions of the SIRS model in order to understand general trends that occur. Then by Euler's Method, the Runge-Kutta Method, and the Predictor-Corrector Method, computational approximations were obtained to solve and plot the SIRS model. …
Classification Of Topological Defects In Cosmological Models, Abigail Swanson
Classification Of Topological Defects In Cosmological Models, Abigail Swanson
Student Research Submissions
In nature, symmetries play an extremely significant role. Understanding the symmetries of a system can tell us important information and help us make predictions. However, these symmetries can break and form a new type of symmetry in the system. Most notably, this occurs when the system goes through a phase transition. Sometimes, a symmetry can break and produce a tear, known as a topological defect, in the system. These defects cannot be removed through a continuous transformation and can have major consequences on the system as a whole. It is helpful to know what type of defect is produced when …
Investigating The Effects Of Three Trace Metals On The Viability, Embryonic Development, And Locomotor Behavior Of The Seminole Ramshorn Snail At Environmentally Relevant Concentrations, Talia Tanner, Leanna Giancarlo, Tyler Frankel
Investigating The Effects Of Three Trace Metals On The Viability, Embryonic Development, And Locomotor Behavior Of The Seminole Ramshorn Snail At Environmentally Relevant Concentrations, Talia Tanner, Leanna Giancarlo, Tyler Frankel
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Trace metal contamination is a widespread issue due to its many natural and anthropogenic sources and known carcinogenic, teratogenic, and reproductive effects. As previous invertebrate trace metal research has primarily focused on model species (Daphnia magna, Chironomidae, etc.), our understanding of effects on non-model invertebrate species remains relatively poor. As such, this study assessed the exposure effects of cadmium, arsenic, and lead on viability, locomotor behavior, and embryonic development of the Seminole ramshorn snail (Planorbella duryi). Exposure treatments of CdCl2, Na2HAsO4 • 7H2O, or Pb (NO3)2 …
The Relationship Between Water Temperature And Proximity To Surface Urban Heat Islands Within The Lower Chesapeake Bay Watershed For The Summer Of 2019, Sarah Kerner
Student Research Submissions
Surface urban heat islands (SUHIs) are land surfaces with high concentrations of impervious surfaces like roofs, roads, sidewalks and other infrastructures that trap, absorb, and re-emit heat throughout the day/night and typically present higher temperatures than their surrounding rural areas. In this study, I evaluate how presence of and distance to SUHIs are associated with water temperature in the lower Chesapeake Bay watershed for the summer of 2019. When heavy precipitation events occur, flooding creates stormwater runoff, which is exposed to the hotter temperatures in urban areas. This introduces thermal pollution to nearby rivers and streams disrupting aquatic ecosystems. The …
Using Machine Learning To Measure Political Polarization On Social Media, Veronica Cagle
Using Machine Learning To Measure Political Polarization On Social Media, Veronica Cagle
Student Research Submissions
Polarization in the political sphere, seen through combative communication and stalemate, may impose negative social impacts on the population. Attempting to measure political polarization in the masses through self-reported surveys and interviews can present response biases of social desirability. The classification of thought freely written online allows political polarization to be measured in an impartial manner. Reddit is one application that enables users to share opinions and create discussions anonymously; this text can be used to measure the political climate at any given time. Disagreement has grown over the perceived level of polarization in our society. The purpose of my …
Using A Distributive Approach To Model Insurance Loss, Kayla Kippes
Using A Distributive Approach To Model Insurance Loss, Kayla Kippes
Student Research Submissions
Insurance loss is an unpredicted event that stands at the forefront of the insurance industry. Loss in insurance represents the costs or expenses incurred due to a claim. An insurance claim is a request for the insurance company to pay for damage caused to an individual’s property. Loss can be measured by how much money (the dollar amount) has been paid out by the insurance company to repair the damage or it can be measured by the number of claims (claim count) made to the insurance company. Insured events include property damage due to fire, theft, flood, a car accident, …
Asymmetric Synthesis Of The Oxidative Metabolites Of Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate And Analysis Of Binding With Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors, Hannah Harris
Student Research Submissions
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer that is known to be an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). Exposure to its primary metabolite, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and other secondary oxidative metabolites is associated with adverse health effects in vivo which are linked to interactions with nuclear hormone receptors such as peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors (PPARs). Although these molecules are chiral, differences in the toxicity of each stereoisomer are not well studied. By synthesizing the enantiomers of these molecules and testing their affinity for PPARγ by thermal shift assay (TSA), potential differences in binding affinity of each form can be determined. Enzymatic …
Using Transition State Theory To Understand The Kinetics For The Gas-Phase Synthesis Of Ammonia, Chloe Boyd, Stephen Case, Abigail Seputro
Using Transition State Theory To Understand The Kinetics For The Gas-Phase Synthesis Of Ammonia, Chloe Boyd, Stephen Case, Abigail Seputro
Research and Creativity Symposium
To identify the rate-determining step and the most stable transition state for the Haber-Bosch synthesis of gas-phase ammonia, electronic structure calculations for the reactants (N2, H2, NNH2, H2NNH2, HNNH3), intermediates, and transition states were found using the program GAMESS and the basis sets 6-31G*, 6-311G**, and STO-3G (1). The basis set 6-31G* revealed N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ TS1 ⇌ NNH2(g)+ 2H2(g) as the rate-determining step because it had the smallest equilibrium constant (Keq) of 4.2085*10-36. The reaction coordinate diagram showed the most stable transition state was TS4 from the step HNNH3(g) + H2(g) ⇌ TS4 ⇌ 2NH3(g), which had the …
Optimization Of Adsorption Of Methylene Blue Dye On Activated Charcoal, Abigail Seputro
Optimization Of Adsorption Of Methylene Blue Dye On Activated Charcoal, Abigail Seputro
Research and Creativity Symposium
Methylene blue and crystal violet are cationic dyes of high intensity that are commonly discharged in wastewater. The colored compounds in this environment inhibit sunlight penetration in waterways, resulting in the destruction of aquatic ecosystems. Activated carbon offers an attractive option for the efficient removal of dyes from wastewater due its excellent adsorption ability, highly porous structure, and large thermal/chemical stability. This study was conducted in order to investigate the adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution by various types of activated charcoal using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The effects of temperature and adsorbent quantity were studied to optimize the efficiency …
Einstein's Equations, Lagrangians For General Relativity, And Adm Formalism, Timothy Corbett
Einstein's Equations, Lagrangians For General Relativity, And Adm Formalism, Timothy Corbett
Student Research Submissions
Einstein’s equations describe the relation of spacetime curvature and present matter. We will consider the case of a Lorentzian manifold diffeomorphic to ℝ × Σ, where time t ∈ ℝ and the three-dimensional manifold Σ represents space. In a homogeneous and isotropic universe, the three-dimensional manifold Σ of the Lorentzian manifold has Riemann curvature tensor (3)R = KI, where K is a constant and I is the 3 × 3 identity matrix. Space is flat when K = 0, spherical when K is positive, and hyperbolic when K is negative. In this paper, we will show models agreeing with …
Optimization Of Adsorption Of Methylene Blue Dye On Activated Charcoal, Abigail Seputro
Optimization Of Adsorption Of Methylene Blue Dye On Activated Charcoal, Abigail Seputro
Research and Creativity Symposium
Methylene blue and crystal violet are cationic dyes of high intensity that are commonly discharged in wastewater. The colored compounds in wastewater inhibit sunlight penetration in waterways, resulting in the destruction of aquatic ecosystems. Activated carbon offers an attractive option for the efficient removal of dyes from wastewater due its excellent adsorption ability, highly porous structure, and large thermal/chemical stability. This study was conducted in order to investigate the adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution by various types of activated charcoal using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The effects of temperature and adsorbent quantity were studied to optimize the efficiency of …
Adjusting Environmental Performance Index Scores Toaccount For Gross National Income, Rory Black
Adjusting Environmental Performance Index Scores Toaccount For Gross National Income, Rory Black
Research and Creativity Symposium
I examined the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) report assembled by Yale University to address the need for environmental action. In this report, Yale University ranks countries across the globe on their environmental performance based on various indicators. I was interested in determining if all countries were ranked on a fair scale. Yale University acknowledges that each country varies in their economic resources measured by GDP but did not adjust for that in their scoring. I utilized factor analysis and cluster analysis to first analyze patterns and groupings that appeared the countries. I then standardized the original rankings with respect to …
Optimizing The Alkylation Of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives For Use In The Synthesis Of The Oxidative Metabolites Of Dehp, Hannah Harris
Optimizing The Alkylation Of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives For Use In The Synthesis Of The Oxidative Metabolites Of Dehp, Hannah Harris
Research and Creativity Symposium
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used chiral plasticizer whose primary metabolite (MEHP) and secondary oxidative metabolites have been shown to have peroxisome proliferating and endocrine disrupting effects in mice. The synthesis of these oxidative metabolites is necessary to study their binding affinity to nuclear receptor PPAR. Here, the first step in these syntheses, the construction of the alkyl side chains, was optimized by comparing GC-MS data showing percent composition of the desired alkylation product under varying reaction conditions. The most successful yield with the fewest byproducts was obtained when using LDA as the base, tert-butyl butanoate as the starting …
Elemental Characterization Between Single Origin Arabica And Peaberry Robusta From Vietnam, Docia Atanda, Takoda Chris, Carleigh Mcdonald, Emily Morris
Elemental Characterization Between Single Origin Arabica And Peaberry Robusta From Vietnam, Docia Atanda, Takoda Chris, Carleigh Mcdonald, Emily Morris
Research and Creativity Symposium
Coffea arabica and coffea canephora (robusta) are the two most common species of coffee. With the rising price and rising global demand for coffee there is an increasing incentive for distributors to pass cheap coffee as more expensive coffee creating a need to verify the authenticity of coffee. This research was conducted to perform elemental characterization of Nguyen brand arabica and robusta coffee grown in Vietnam. The coffee beans were ground and digested by nitric acid digestion. The samples were run using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and compared with prepared standards containing calcium, iron, rubidium and manganese. …
Ground Water Iron Concentration, Caroline Sampson, Emma Jones, Katherine Lauderbaugh, Joey Pack
Ground Water Iron Concentration, Caroline Sampson, Emma Jones, Katherine Lauderbaugh, Joey Pack
Research and Creativity Symposium
Groundwater samples from Louisa County contain high unknown quantities of iron, resulting in red rust-stained sediments in areas with constant water. This leads to concern over the amount of Fe that contaminates the water, as the WHO suggests levels below 0.3 mg/L, while levels in groundwater can be as high as 5 mg/L. The unknown concentrations of iron can be evaluated through the use of UV-Vis spectroscopy. A set of Fe standards was created using a known concentration (2.5-100 μM) which combined with phenathroline to create an orange ferroin complex, in addtion to hydroxylamine and acetate buffer. The ferroin complex …
Analysis Of Glyphosate In Pond Water By Hplc, Madison Minvielle, Abigail Seputro, Dorothy Haas, Zahia Clemmons
Analysis Of Glyphosate In Pond Water By Hplc, Madison Minvielle, Abigail Seputro, Dorothy Haas, Zahia Clemmons
Research and Creativity Symposium
Glyphosate is the main ingredient in several herbicides such as Roundup, Agrisel, and Eraser. While glyphosate is typically not directly harmful to aquatic life, there is the potential for the compound to be indirectly harmful when it is present in runoff that enters aquatic ecosystems. A sample of water from a pond local to sod and agricultural farms was obtained to analyze the presence of glyphosate and make an assessment based on the concentration of glyphosate in the sample of the risk of toxicity to the aquatic life. A 1 mL glyphosate standard of concentration 1000 ug/mL was used to …
Exploration Of The Effects Of Bond Length On The Potential Energy Curves For Diatomic Compounds, Ramsey Cotton, Ashley Summers
Exploration Of The Effects Of Bond Length On The Potential Energy Curves For Diatomic Compounds, Ramsey Cotton, Ashley Summers
Research and Creativity Symposium
Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the unique energy required to break a bond in a molecule into its respective atoms or molecular fragments. In this study, the theories behind harmonic and anharmonic oscillators, which address BDE of diatomic molecules, were employed to relate the length of a bond to its corresponding potential energy. A computational chemistry program was utilized to investigate the potential energies of diatomic hydrogen (H2), bromine (Br2), and hydrogen bromide (HBr). The diatomic molecules were found to obey Hooke’s law for harmonic oscillation at low energies, but as the energy increased with stretching the bond, deviations were …
How Electrons Impact Binding Energy, Nicholas Hacker, Sierra Hunter
How Electrons Impact Binding Energy, Nicholas Hacker, Sierra Hunter
Research and Creativity Symposium
An atom is made up of a positively charged nucleus, consisting of non-charged neutrons and a number of positively charged protons, and of negatively charged electrons, the number of which is equivalent to the protons. The attractive force between the positive and negative charges fluctuates with the quantity of subatomic particles; binding energy is the energy required to overcome this attractive force to remove an electron from its orbital. In diatomic molecules, the binding energy is between the two atoms themselves rather than just between the nucleus and electrons for a singular atom. The relationship between binding energies of the …
Transition State Theory: Thermodynamics And Kinetics Of Ammonia Production Via Dft Functional, Madeleine Stanisha, Emma Freakley
Transition State Theory: Thermodynamics And Kinetics Of Ammonia Production Via Dft Functional, Madeleine Stanisha, Emma Freakley
Research and Creativity Symposium
The thermodynamics and kinetics of a proposed mechanism for ammonia production from nitrogen and hydrogen gas were analyzed by utilizing transition state theory (TST) and density functional theory (DFT). The enthalpy and entropy for the overall reaction were computed via DFT functionals, PBE0 and B3LYP, and were compared to literature values for the thermodynamics of ammonia production. PBE0 produced an enthalpy and entropy for the overall reaction of -81.32 kJ/mol and -197.75 kJ/mol K with percent errors of -11.5 % and -0.18 %, respectively. In comparison, B3LYP produced an enthalpy and entropy for the overall reaction of -1923.02 kJ/mol and …
Assessing The Correlation Between The Electron-Nucleus Binding And Electron-Electron Repulsion, Isabella Groover, Joey Henry
Assessing The Correlation Between The Electron-Nucleus Binding And Electron-Electron Repulsion, Isabella Groover, Joey Henry
Research and Creativity Symposium
Multi-electron systems add a level of complexity to the Schrödinger equation by introducing an electron-electron repulsion term into the potential energy. The electron-electron repulsion term is difficult to assess utilizing the Schrödinger equation due to extensive computation required. In this study, the binding energy between the 1s electron(s) and the nucleus of the atoms in the first two rows of the periodic table were determined using an ab initio computational method, 6-31G*, that incorporated the electron-electron repulsion instead of assuming that electrons act independently of one another. As the number of electrons increased, pushing the 1s electrons closer to the …
Using Potential Energy Surfaces Of Diatomic Molecules To Determine The Bond Dissociation Energy Via Computational Chemistry, Skye Curry, Nathaniel Holbrook
Using Potential Energy Surfaces Of Diatomic Molecules To Determine The Bond Dissociation Energy Via Computational Chemistry, Skye Curry, Nathaniel Holbrook
Research and Creativity Symposium
The bond length along which two atoms vibrate can be altered in order to construct a potential energy surface used to determine the bond dissociation energy of a diatomic molecule. Carbon monoxide was initially used as the diatomic molecule of choice in this ChemCompute lab experiment. The bond length of carbon monoxide was altered in the range of .086 to .177 nm, and the electronic energy produced was recorded. A potential energy curve was constructed at these bond lengths until the molecule dissociated; a relative potential energy curve was then constructed. The equilibrium bond length, 0.113 nm, and the well …
Numerical Study Of The Seiqr Model For Covid-19, Caitlin Holt
Numerical Study Of The Seiqr Model For Covid-19, Caitlin Holt
Student Research Submissions
In this research project, we used numerical methods to investigate trends in the susceptible, exposed, infectious, quarantined, recovered, closed cases and insusceptible populations for the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. We used the SEIQR model containing seven ordinary differential equations, based on the SIR model for epidemics. An analytical solution was derived from a simplified version of the model, created by making various assumptions about the original model. Numerical solutions were generated for the first 100 days of 2021 using algorithms based on Euler's Method, Runge-Kutta Method, and Multistep Methods. Our goal is to show that numerical methods can help us …
Exploring The Impact Of Social Influence Mechanisms And Network Density On Societal Polarization, Justin Mittereder
Exploring The Impact Of Social Influence Mechanisms And Network Density On Societal Polarization, Justin Mittereder
Student Research Submissions
I present an agent-based model, inspired by the opinion dynamics
(OD) literature, to explore the underlying behaviors that may induce
societal polarization. My agents interact on a social network, in which
adjacent nodes can influence each other, and each agent holds an array
of continuous opinion values (on a 0-1 scale) on a number of separate
issues. I use three measures as a proxy for the virtual society’s “po-
larization:” the average assortativity of the graph with respect to the
agents’ opinions, the number of non-uniform issues, and the number
of distinct opinion buckets in which agents have the same …
Proton Pump Inhibitors Promote Apoptosis In Jurkat T Lymphocytes, Ashley Utz
Proton Pump Inhibitors Promote Apoptosis In Jurkat T Lymphocytes, Ashley Utz
Student Research Submissions
Cancer cells are known to rely on the anaerobic energy pathway of glycolysis even under normoxic conditions, resulting in measurable intracellular acidification that may trigger cell death by apoptosis. In normal cells, the pH is restored by activation of voltage-gated proton pumps, preventing apoptosis. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), such as omeprazole, inhibit the action of these voltage-gated proton pumps. Research has shown that omeprazole is also capable of inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis in Jurkat T-lymphocytes, but this area of study remains largely unexplored. The goal of this research was to determine the temporal dynamics of caspase activity in Jurkat cells treated …
Simulations Of An Attack On Rsa, Makayla Ferrell
Simulations Of An Attack On Rsa, Makayla Ferrell
Student Research Submissions
We introduce a variation of Shanks’ baby-step/giant-step (BSGS) to carry out a chosen plaintext attack on RSA. The original usage of BSGS is to find a solution to the discrete log problem. Although BSGS is guaranteed to find a solution, it is not guaranteed to find the matching RSA private key. Our variation of BSGS finds the matching private key d by using the order of the plaintext message to generate a set of solutions. We then use the length of this set to determine the most likely candidate for φ(n). We use a large data set to test the …
Parameter Estimation In Nonlinear Regression: Exploring Confidence Intervals For Estimated Coefficients, Brandon Williams
Parameter Estimation In Nonlinear Regression: Exploring Confidence Intervals For Estimated Coefficients, Brandon Williams
Student Research Submissions
Previously, we explored generating data using four different curved source functions with normally distributed errors and then fitting various curved models to this generated data. This research aimed to study the reliability of the goodness-of-fit measures, such as R2 and AIC, when the data originates from a curved source model. Ultimately, we found that, for logarithmic source models, AIC picks the correct source model most often, while R2 selects either the logarithmic or quadratic source models. For quadratic source models, AIC picks the power source model most often, whereas R2 selects the correct source model. Lastly, we …
Angular Momentum Coherences In Molecular Dynamics, Margaret Gregory
Angular Momentum Coherences In Molecular Dynamics, Margaret Gregory
Student Research Submissions
The recent development of attosecond laser pulses provides a direct path to observing the electronic dynamics of excited molecules. Recently proposed experimental methods re- quire that the measurements be made in the molecular frame, that is, that the molecule is in a fixed orientation. However, quantum mechanics does not allow this. Here we examine instead the full dimensional, laboratory frame, time evolving probability distribution gen- erated by resonant excitation of a molecular sample. Quantum dynamics are driven by both the populations of quantum states and the coherences between them. Since the total angular momentum of an isolated system is conserved, …