Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Soil Leachate Responses During 10 Years Of Induced Whole-Watershed Acidification, Pamela J. Edwards, James N. Kochenderfer, Dean W. Coble, Mary Beth Adams

Faculty Publications

Soil solution was collected from zero-tension lysimeters for 10 yr on two small central Appalachian watersheds in West Virginia, U.S.A. Ammonium sulfate fertilizer was applied to one catchment 3 times per year during each year. The other watershed was used as a reference to account for ambient baseline conditions. Ca and Mg concentrations collected below the A- and B-horizons of the treated watershed increased and then decreased over time as a result of the treatment. By contrast, Ca and Mg concentrations in the C-horizon continued to increase throughout the study period.

Process For Immobilizing Waste Using Bagasse (Us Patent 6174275), Michael A. Janusa

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

An Alternative Use For Bagasse: Stabilizing Agent For Lead Waste, Michael A. Janusa

Faculty Publications

Bagasse amounts to one- third of the cane ground and supplies fuel for the generation of steam in raw factories; however, most factories have an excess of bagasse during regular grinding season. Another method for the utilization of bagasse was investigated using bagasse as a stabilizing agent for heavy metal waste solidified /stabilized in cement. Lead nitrate was used as the model heavy me ta l waste with a 10 or 15 per cent lead by weight to cement loading. Samples were cured for 7, 14, and 28 days at 24°C. Samples containing bagasse typically resulted in TCLP extract lead …

Aqueous Equilibria: Acids, Bases, And Solubility. A General Chemistry Laboratory Experiment, Michael A. Janusa

Faculty Publications

We refer to two major types of general chemistry freshman laboratory experiments: discovery and cookbook. The typical Freshman enrolled in general chemistry has the skills to perform an experiment that is somewhere between cookbook and discovery, and we have developed a laboratory experiment that is midway between these extremes. This experiment aids the student's understanding of the concept of aqueous equilibria. In this experiment, students are asked to prepare and measure the pH of a variety of acidic and basic solutions. Students are also asked to calculate pH values from literature dissociation constants and dissociation constants from their experimental pH …

Solidification / Stabilization Of Lead With The Aid Of Bagasse As An Additive To Portland Cement, Michael A. Janusa

Faculty Publications

Solidification/stabilization (S/S) of hazardous waste is a widely used technology; therefore, it is crucial to evaluate its effectiveness and make attempts to improve the technique. A better matrix for S/S of hazardous waste was designed that is effective and economically feasible. This was accomplished by adding bagasse (byproduct of milling or diffusing sugar cane) to the waste/cement matrix. Lead nitrate was used as the model heavy metal waste with a 10or 15% lead by weight to cement loading. Samples were cured for 7, 14, and 28 days at 24°C. Samples containing bagasse typically resulted in TCLP (modified) extract lead concentrations …

Palladium-Catalyzed Carboxylative Coupling Of Allylstannanes And Allyl Halides, Russell J. Franks

Faculty Publications

A three-component carboxylative coupling between allyl halides, allylstannanes, and CO2 to produce allyl esters is catalyzed by Pd and Pt phosphine complexes. Allyl chloride and allyltributylstannane are thus converted to propenyl butenoate in excellent yield. Cross coupling of two different allyl components produces a nearly statistical mixture of all four possible esters. Tentative mechanistic pathways for the catalytic reaction are proposed.

Iron-Induced Oxidative Stress In Erythrocyte Membranes Of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Nigerians, Gbolahan W. Okunade, Odutayo O. Odunuge, Olufunso O. Olorunsogo

Faculty Publications

The presence of higher level of endogenous free radical reaction products in the erythrocyte ghost membrane (EGM) of Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) subjects compared with that of normal healthy controls has been demonstrated. The EGMs of NIDDM subjects were also shown to be more susceptible to exogenously generated oxidative stress than those of normal healthy individuals. The decreased level of reactive thiol groups in the EGM of NIDDM individuals supported this observation. We propose that the presence of significant levels of non-heme iron in the EGM of NIDDM subjects is an indication of the potential for iron-catalysed production of hydroxy …

Reversal Of Sodium Arsenite Inhibition Of Rat Liver Microsomal Ca2+ Pumping Atpase By Vitamin C, Odutayo O. Odunuge, Gbolahan W. Okunade, Olufunso O. Olorunsogo

Faculty Publications

Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2), at 10% of its median lethal dose, was administered to rats with and without vitamin C pretreatment. Liver microsomal fraction was isolated and the activity of Ca2+-ATPase was assayed. Sodium arsenite was found to inhibit the activity of the liver microsomal Ca2+-ATPase to 50% to that of control rats. The specific activity of the enzyme in rats administered sodium arsenite with vitamin C pretreatment was not significantly different from that of control rats.

Determination Of Chloride Concentration Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis: An Instrumental Analysis Chemistry Laboratory Experiment, Michael A. Janusa

Faculty Publications

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) has received a great deal of attention as a tool for the separation and detection of low-molecular-mass inorganic ions. CZE is a fast growing analytical technique that uses a low-volume sample accompanied by a high detection efficiency. Since this is a fairly new analytical technique that shows tremendous promise, it should be introduced to students at the undergraduate level. We have developed a CZE experiment that is well suited for an instrumental analysis chemistry laboratory and can be modified for other species or substances.

Effects Of Curing Temperature On The Leachability Of Lead Undergoing Solidification/Stabilization With Cement, Michael A. Janusa

Faculty Publications

Curing temperature was found to dramatically affect the amount of waste leached from a solidified waste/cement matrix between 2 and 40°C. Using lead nitrate as a model waste, samples cured for 7,14, and 28 days at a cure temperature of 40°C leached very little lead (1-3 mg/liter), while at a cure temperature of 2°C samples leached approximately 25 times more lead (20-90 mg/liter). The results indicate that curing temperature is a very crucial variable to consider when solidifying waste with cement if maximum stabilization is to be achieved.

Effects Of Particle Size And Contact Time On The Reliability Of Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure For Solidified/Stabilized Waste, Michael A. Janusa

Faculty Publications

Inconsistency in leaching results using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)indicates that the procedure should contain specific guidance with respect to the following parameters: ( 1 ) minimum particle size, (2) contact time limit between leachant and waste. Experimental datas how that there is approximately a 50% decrease in the amount of waste leached when a minimum particle size of 8 mm is applied. Results indicate that as the contact time between leachant and waste increases, the amount of waste leached increases drastically. The results suggest that restrictions should be set on these two parameters for TCLP results to be …

Palladium-Catalyzed Carboxylation Of Allyl Stannanes And Carboxylative Coupling Of Allyl Stannanes And Allyl Halides [Abstract], Russell J. Franks

Faculty Publications

The reaction of allyl stannanes with CO₂ to form stannyl carboxylates (esters) is catalyzed by Pd(PR₃)₄ complexes. Thus, R₃SnCH₂CH=CH₂ [R=Me and Ph]are converted to R₃SnO₂ CCH₂CH=CH₂ and R₃SnO₂CCH=CHCH₃ under 33 atm of CO₂ (70°C, THF) in moderate to excellent yield in the presence of 8 mol% Pd(PPh₃)₄ ; polycarboxylation of diallyldibutyltin and tetraallyltin also is effected, producing the respective di- and tetracarboxylates, Bu₂Sn(O₂CCH₂CH=CH₂)₂ and Sn(O₂CCH …

Sodium Nitrite Alone Protects The Brain O _I_ Microsomal Ca -Atpase Against Potassium Cyanide-Induced Neurotoxicity In Rats, Odutayo O. Odunuge, G.. A. Adenuga

Faculty Publications

The effect of a short-term oral administration of potassium cyanide (KCN) (200 ppm in diet) with or without sodium nitrite (NaNO2) pretreatment on rat brain microsomal Ca2* ATPase was investigated. The specific activity value of the enzyme significantly decreased (p<0.05) by 50% compared with control and by 63% for KCN-treated rats compared with KCN-treated rats pretreated with NaNO;,. There was no significant difference at the h = 0.05 level between the values obtained for the control and KCN-treated rats pretreated with NaNO,. These results show both that feeding lowers brain microsomal Ca2f-ATPase activity and that NaNO, has a protective role (antidote function) in that respect.

Smith On Krauss, 'The Physics Of Star Trek', Anne Collins Smith

Faculty Publications

Review of Lawrence M. Krauss.The Physics of Star Trek. New York: Basic Books, 1995. xvi + 188 pp. $20.00(cloth), ISBN 978-0-465-00559-8.

Reviewed by Anne Collins Smith (Austin Community College) Published on H-PCAACA (May, 1996)

Comparison Of Dietary Overlap Between Allopatric And Sympatric Geckos, Paul D. Klawinski, R. Kathryn Vaughan, Daniel Saenz, William Godwin

Faculty Publications

Two gecko species, Hemidactylus turcicus and Cyrtopodion scabrum, have been introduced into the Port of Galveston, Texas. While H. turcicus has been established for a longer period of time, the relatively recent introduction of C. scabrum near the entrance of the Port has apparently led to the displacement of H. turcicus in that area. This has resulted in a distribution in which the two populations’ are largely allopatric except for a narrow band of sympatry at the periphery of each of their ranges. We examined stomach contents of both species in allopatry and sympatry in order to determine if …

Listening To Free Fall With The Macrecorder, Thomas O. Callaway, James C. Dennis

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Development Of New Methods For Assessing Solidification/Stabilization Of Hazardous Waste Using Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques (Ph.D Dissertation, Lsu), Michael A. Janusa

Faculty Publications

New methods for assessing solidification/stabilization (S/S) of hazardous waste using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance are developed for the purpose of diagnosing on a microscopic level the performance of S/S as a hazardous waste disposal technique. There are four techniques developed and described in this dissertation: (1) Solid-state deuterium NMR spectroscopy is used to determine if a particular deuterated organic waste is effectively solidified/stabilized and to determine the lower limit of the bond strength between the waste and the cement matrix; (2) Constant time pulsed field gradient ^ NMR spectroscopy is tested on a liquid waste encapsulated within a solidified matrix …

Solid-State Deuterium Nmr Spectroscopy Of D5-Phenol In White Portland Cement: A New Method For Assessing Solidification/Stabilization, Michael A. Janusa

Faculty Publications

We have developed a new NMR-based procedure for studying waste/cement interactions. This is the first use of deuterium NMR spectroscopy to study waste solidification/ stabilization (S/S). The main feature of deuterium NMR spectroscopy is the ability to monitor molecular reorientations over a wide range of reorientation rates. This technique allows one to determine if a particular deuterated organic waste is effectively solidified/ stabilized and to determine the lower limit of the bond strength between the waste and the cement matrix. Comparison of the predicted and experimental deuterium NMR spectra show that phenol is mainly dissolved in pore waters and, thus, …

Solid-State Nmr Characterization Of Organics In Cement, Michael A. Janusa

Faculty Publications

Solid-state magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) has been applied to cement samples containing water-soluble organics, ethylene glycol, phenol, p­bromophenol and p-chlorophenol. Cement matrix development has been followed by ²⁹Si and²⁷Al NMR, which shows the organics, particularly ethylene glycol, to be promoters of silicate polymerization despite the fact that they reduce the compressive strength of the pastes. ¹³C NMR shows that phenol is completely ionized in cement pastes, but with substituted phenols in the presence of extra added metal salts, ionization is not always complete. ²H NMR on d_{5 …}

Simultaneous Light And Radial Velocity Curve Solutions For U Cephei, J. B. Rafert, N. L. Markworth

Faculty Publications

The light-curve synthesis approach of Wilson & Devinney has been used to solve simultaneously light and radial velocity curves of the Algol-type eclipsing binary star U Cephei. We have performed eight new differential corrections solutions using the photometric data of Markworth and the radial velocity data of Batten to obtain a consistent set of orbital and astrophysical parameters for the light and velocity curves of this famous system. We find U Cephei to be best modeled using the semidetached (mode 5) system geometry of the Wilson & Devinney program, with a primary rotating at about 5.2 times its synchronous rate, …

X-Ray Study Of The Crystallization Processes In Amorphous (Zro. 64ni0. 36) 1-Xalx Alloys. [Abstract], W. D. Bruton, T. O. Callaway, Richard H. Langley, B. H. Zhang, D. G. Naugle

Faculty Publications

The short range order in (Zr_0.64Ni_0.36)_1−xAl_x metallic glasses for values of x between 0 and 0.25 was investigated using X-ray diffraction. X-ray intensity patterns and the derived structural functions for the as-quenched samples differed only slightly with the change in aluminum concentration, suggesting that the addition of aluminum does not significantly alter the relative coordination of the zirconium and nickel atoms. Only the first two alloys in the series (x = 0, 0.05) exhibited multiple transitions in the DSC thermograms. The intermediate phase for the x = 0.05 alloy has an …

A Course In Laboratory And Stockroom Management, John T. Moore

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Experiments With Disposable Hypodermic Syringes, Glen T. Clayton, Thomas O. Callaway, Harry D. Downing

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Velocity Measurements Of Humans By Computers, J. B. Rafert, R. C. Nicklin

Faculty Publications

Distance and time, two fundamental quantities, are discussed early in most introductory physics courses. By dividing a change in distance by time to get velocity, and by dividing a change in velocity by time to get acceleration, two more important quantities result. With these the real world of automobiles and jet planes and applications of Newton's second law is available for interpretation from an analytical point of view. In order to get students thinking reliably about these important ideas it seems important to have direct measurements of distance and time over short enough intervals to talk sensibly about "instantaneous" velocities.

The Synthesis And Characterization Of Some Fluoride Perovskites, An Undergraduate Experiment In Solid State Chemistry, Richard H. Langley, Colleen K. Schmitz, Maureen B. Langley

Faculty Publications

In light of the increasing importance of solid state chemistry, an experiment dealing with at least some aspects of this rapidly expanding area should he included in advanced chemistry laboratories. Herein is described one of the experiments that we have developed to meet this need. This experiment was designed for a senior level integrated chemistry lab taken by all our chemistry majors. Normally six to eight hours are needed to complete this experiment. This experiment deals with the synthesis and characterization of a perovskite. Perovskites were chosen because compounds with this structure are important in solid state technology, and since …

Fluorine, Richard H. Langley, Larry Welch

Faculty Publications

Considering the long time in which fluorine compounds have been used it seems rather surprising that it was not isolated as an element until 1886. This long delay was not due to lack of effort, but to the reactivity of fluorine and the hazards of working with it and many of its compounds.

Classroom Demonstration Of Sunspots, Thomas O. Callaway, Harry D. Downing, Glen T. Clayton

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Physical Science Workshop Course For Elementary Teachers, Glen T. Clayton, Harry D. Downing, Thomas O. Callaway

Faculty Publications

Science for elementary school grades K-6 varies somewhat in content from one textbook series to another, but it is fairly common that 40-60% of the material covered is directly related to physics. These texts suggest that certain learning activities such as experiments, demonstrations, and observations be carried out by the teacher and the class. Often the apparatus for a learning activity is to be constructed from simple, readily available materials. The typical elementary school teacher has had little experience in performing experiments and is often frustrated in his/her attempts at carrying out the suggested learning activity. To meet this need …

Bond Hybrids And The Structures Of The Lanthanide Metals [Abstract], Richard H. Langley

Faculty Publications

The ideas developed by Altmann, Coulson, and Hume-Rothery to relate bond hybrids to metal structures are extended to include treatment of the f orbitals. A discussion of the possible hybrids along with their application to the lanthanide metals will be considered.

A White Ammonia Fountain, John T. Moore

Faculty Publications

Red, white, and blue ammonia fountains are a stunning addition to chemistry magic shows.