Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

History Of Clover Leaf Syndrome, Isabella Perez

Mako: NSU Undergraduate Student Journal

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the history of clover leaf syndrome and describe the newest advancements made to treat it. Clover leaf syndrome is more formally referred to as Kleeblattschadel syndrome. Information was gathered from several scholarly, peer-reviewed articles, and was condensed down into the key takeaways. This syndrome impacts the formation of the skull due to premature fusion of its sutures, creating a tri-lobar skull that resembles a clover leaf. This premature fusion is referred to as a type of craniosynostosis and has been linked to causing several other health complications ranging in severity. This is …

The Usage Of Band Ratios To Predict Lake Water Quality Parameters Using Sentinel-2 L1c Imagery, Austin Spoor, Ho-Seop Cha

International Journal of Geospatial and Environmental Research

Band ratios using remote imagery can be useful for monitoring large bodies of water when high quality imagery is available. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery provides frequent, high-resolution coverage of the globe. This study set out to test the usefulness of existing band ratios for estimating chlorophyll a (CHL-a), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and turbidity with Sentinel-2 imagery. USGS in-situ data was matched to Sentinel-2 imagery of Beaver Lake, Arkansas taken August 2015 to July 2019 and the dark spectrum fitting (DSF) atmospheric correction method in ACOLITE was applied to generate surface reflectance values. CHL-a was estimated using two …

Flavors And Frailties Of Globalization, Nikhilesh Dholakia, Deniz Atik

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

No abstract provided.

From Norms Taker To Norms Breaker: A Comparative Study Of Turkey’S Nuclear Discourses Before And After The Ostensible Coup Of 2016, Sarah Tzinieris, Zenobia S. Homan, Cem Boke, Amna Javed

International Journal of Nuclear Security

This article offers an analysis of public statements made by Turkish government leaders, contrasting official attitudes on nuclear nonproliferation before and after the alleged military coup attempt in 2016. Significant developments in this period include deteriorating democracy and the rule of law in Turkey and the emergence of destabilizing foreign policy differences between Turkey and Western states. President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan also sought to consolidate domestic power and play a more assertive security role in the Middle East. This analysis of official statements reveals a distinct shift in Turkey’s nonproliferation rhetoric after the 2016 coup. In particular, Turkish government ministers …

The Limits Of Data Science, David E. Drew

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

Data science can contribute valuable predictions in diverse fields. But I write to express some concerns and red flags. I suggest that data science is being oversold. This article contains three questions that I believe data science must address as this new discipline matures. Is data science significantly different from statistics? This is a question that has haunted the field since the term first was introduced. By creating algorithms based on current societal decision rules that may be biased, even bigoted, does data science lock in and exacerbate inequality? Scholars have identified a continuum from data to information to knowledge …

Finding Your Mathematical Roots: Inclusion And Identity Development In Mathematics, Linda Mcguire

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

This paper details a semester-long course project that has been successfully adapted for use in mathematics courses ranging from introductory level, general-education classes to advanced courses in the mathematics major. Through creating aspirational mathematical family trees and writing mathematical autobiographies, this assignment is designed to help battle belonging uncertainty, to challenge students to self-situate in relation to the history of mathematical and scientific knowledge, and to make visible a student’s developing identity in mathematics and, more broadly, in STEM.

The construction and scaffolding of the project, assignments, examples of student work, foundational readings, assessment and outcomes, and adaptation strategies for …

The Impact Of Accessible Data On Cyberstalking, Elise Kwan

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

Upleft: Pick Up Leftovers, Uplift Those In Need, Veronica Galles

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

Ai For Technology: Applied Practices And Future Perspectives Of Technological Intelligence In High Tech Areas, Yunji Chen, Qi Guo

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As the core of the fifth research paradigm, AI for Science has been widely used in multiple research fields of natural sciences and high technologies. In contrast to that the application of AI in natural sciences mainly focuses on discovering new theories, principles, and laws, the application of AI in high technologies mainly focuses on creating new plans, tools, and products, in order to resolve concrete problems in related fields. This study first summarizes the typical characteristics and scientific problems of the application of AI in high technologies, i.e., AI for Technology, and then introduces a successful case study of …

Ai4r: The Fifth Scientific Research Paradigm, Guojie Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

This article refers to “AI for Research（AI4R）” as the fifth research paradigm and summarizes its characteristics, including: (1) the fully integration of artificial intelligence into various scientific and technology researches; (2) machine intelligence has become an integral part of scientific research; (3) effectively handles the combinatorial explosion problem with high computational complexity; (4) probability and statistical models play a greater role in scientific research; (5) realize the integration of four existing research paradigms, cross disciplinary cooperation has become the mainstream research method; (6) scientific research relies more on large research platforms characterized by large models. This article points out that …

Ai For Science: Ai Enabled Scientific Facility Transforms Fundamental Research, Xiaokang Yang, Yanyan Xu, Lu Chen, Yunbo Wang, Yue Gao, Jidong Tian, Kai Yu, Yaohui Jin, Hong Mei

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved numerous disruptive breakthroughs in frontier scientific and technological fields, such as AlphaFold2 for protein structure prediction, intelligent control of nuclear fusion, and drug design for COVID-19. These achievements indicate that AI for Science is becoming a new paradigm in research. To achieve fundamental scientific innovation and major technological breakthroughs in the era of intelligence, two core issues should be addressed: 1) how to harness the generality and creativity of the new-generation of AI, especially generative AI and large language models (LLMs), to promote the formation of new paradigms; 2) how to empower …

Ai Helps To Establish A New Paradigm For Scientific Research, Weinan E

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The main purpose of scientific research is to discover fundamental principles and solve practical problems. Although tremendous progress has been made on both fronts, the lack of effective tools and efficient organizational structure still stands as the main bottleneck for scientific progress. The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) offers a new possibility. In recent years, deep learning has had an impressive performance, both in helping to solve fundamental scientific problems and in improving the effectiveness of scientific research tools. A new set of infrastructure is emerging, leading us to a new paradigm, the“Android paradigm”, for doing scientific research.

Computing System For Simulation Intelligence, Guangming Tan, Weile Jia, Zhan Wang, Guojun Yuan, En Shao, Ninghui Sun

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

This study refers computer simulation in scientific research to as scientific simulation. Based on its narrow and broad definitions, this study divides scientific simulation into three stages: numerical computation, simulation intelligence, and science brain. Now, scientific simulation is entering the era of simulation intelligence, i. e., driven by scientific big data and artificial intelligence technology, scientific simulation is shifting from traditional numerical simulation to simulation integrated with artificial intelligence. In order to understand what the right computing system for simulation intelligence is, the design guidelines, basic methods, and key technical problems are discussed.

Digital Scientists And Parallel Sciences: The Origin And Goal Of Ai For Science And Science For Ai, Feiyue Wang, Yutong Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Based on recent development in foundation model, parallel intelligence, decentralized science (DeSci), and other artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, from AI for Science (AI4S) to Science for AI (S4AI), this study discusses parallel sciences and digital scientists, and their impact and significance in paradigm shift for research and development as well as Industry 5.0 and intelligent industry, which demonstrate that paradigm shift is emerging and accelerating, and we must be prepared.

Large Model-Driven, Human-Computer Collaborative Robotic Ai-Chemist Cloud Facility, Yuanyuan Chong, Shuo Feng, Song Wang, Jun Jiang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

At present, chemical science is facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges due to the technological changes brought by artificial intelligence. In order to promote the paradigm shift in chemical research, this study proposes the construction plan of the robotic AI-chemist cloud facility. This system realizes a new paradigm of scientific research by collecting multi-channel data to build a database, developing large scientific models enhanced by chemical knowledge, constructing clusters of robotic facilities, and building an intelligent management decision system, which will dramatically improve the efficiency of scientific research and solve scientific problems in terminal applications. This infrastructure is expected to change …

A New Paradigm Of Life Science Research Driven By Artificial Intelligence, Xin Li, Hanchao Yu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The rapid development of biotechnology and information technology has brought life sciences into a new era of data explosion. The traditional life science research paradigm struggles to reveal the fundamental rules of complex biological systems from rapidly growing biological big data. As artificial intelligence continues to achieve disruptive breakthroughs in life science, a new paradigm driven by AI is emerging. This study delves into typical examples of life science research driven by AI, proposes the concept and key elements of the new life science research paradigm, elaborates on the cutting-edge of life science research under this new paradigm, and discusses …

Building New Paradigm Of Digital Intelligence Security For New Development Pattern, Xiaoguang Yang, Yang Wu, Xingwei Zhang, Xiaolong Zheng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

After the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has entered a new era of development. Simultaneously, the rapid advancement and extensive application of artificial intelligent technologies have activated a new wave of economic potential and brought about new security challenges to socioeconomic development. This study firstly analyzes the characteristics of the new development pattern in global contexts, and examines the risks and challenges of digital intelligence security (DIS) under the new pattern, encompassing technological security and personal security at the micro-level, as well as economic security, social security, and cultural security at the macro-level. Based on …

Strategic Research On Information Technology Promoting National Governance Modernization—Review On The S70th Xiangshan Science Conferences, Chao Zhang, Weiyu Duan, Kaihua Chen, Xiaoguang Yang, Yuntao Long

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

This study systematically summarizes the reports and speeches of the S70th Xiangshan Science Conferences on the theme of “Strategic Research on Information Technology Promoting the National Governance Modernization” and summarizes the consensus of the conference in the following three aspects. (1) Important progress and achievements have been made in the four typical areas, i.e., smart justice, internet governance, data governance, and emergency management. (2) Using information technology to promote the modernization of national governance is confronted with unprecedented opportunities and challenges. And (3) it is necessary to take a series of effective measures to promote information technology to facilitate the …

Fitting A Covid-19 Model Incorporating Senses Of Safety And Caution To Local Data From Spartanburg County, South Carolina, D. Chloe Griffin, Amanda Mangum

CODEE Journal

Common mechanistic models include Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) and Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed (SEIR) models. These models in their basic forms have generally failed to capture the nature of the COVID-19 pandemic's multiple waves and do not take into account public policies such as social distancing, mask mandates, and the ``Stay-at-Home'' orders implemented in early 2020. While the Susceptible-Vaccinated-Infected-Recovered-Deceased (SVIRD) model only adds two more compartments to the SIR model, the inclusion of time-dependent parameters allows for the model to better capture the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic when surveillance testing was common practice for a large portion of the population. We find …

Ode Models Of Wealth Concentration And Taxation, Bruce Boghosian, Christoph Borgers

CODEE Journal

We refer to an individual holding a non-negligible fraction of the country’s total wealth as an oligarch. We explain how a model due to Boghosian et al. can be used to explore the effects of taxation on the emergence of oligarchs. The model suggests that oligarchs will emerge when wealth taxation is below a certain threshold, not when it is above the threshold. The underlying mechanism is a transcritical bifurcation. The model also suggests that taxation of income and capital gains alone cannot prevent the emergence of oligarchs. We suggest several opportunities for students to explore modifications of the model.

Odes And Mandatory Voting, Christoph Borgers, Natasa Dragovic, Anna Haensch, Arkadz Kirshtein, Lilla Orr

CODEE Journal

This paper presents mathematics relevant to the question whether voting should be mandatory. Assuming a static distribution of voters’ political beliefs, we model how politicians might adjust their positions to raise their share of the vote. Various scenarios can be explored using our app at https: //centrism.streamlit.app/. Abstentions are found to have great impact on the dynamics of candidates, and in particular to introduce the possibility of discontinuous jumps in optimal candidate positions. This is an unusual application of ODEs. We hope that it might help engage some students who may find it harder to connect with the more customary …

Assessing Compliance To Water Resources And Reconstruction Framework During Post-Conflict Reconstruction Borno State, Muritala Olaniyi Oke Dr

Journal of African Conflicts and Peace Studies

Northeast and northwest of Nigeria have, as a result of activities of Boko Haram, bandit and kidnappers, had their public and private properties destroyed. Governments and other stakeholders, upon some successes of the military, have started post-conflict reconstruction to rebuild the war-torn urban and rural communities with the provision of water taking the center stage. This paper looks at the utilisation of Water Resources and a Reconstruction framework for integrating water projects into reconstruction processes. This paper rests on the argument that water projects during reconstruction should not be handled as “normal” water projects and that a more culturally and …

Virtual Reality & Pilot Training: Existing Technologies, Challenges & Opportunities, Tim Marron M.S., Niall Dungan Bsc, Captain, Brian Mac Namee Phd, Anna Donnla O'Hagan Phd

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

The introduction of virtual reality (VR) to flying training has recently gained much attention, with numerous VR companies, such as Loft Dynamics and VRpilot, looking to enhance the training process. Such a considerable change to how pilots are trained is a subject that warrants careful consideration. Examining the effect that VR has on learning in other areas gives us an idea of how VR can be suitably applied to flying training. Some of the benefits offered by VR include increased safety, decreased costs, and increased environmental sustainability. Nevertheless, some challenges ahead for developers to consider are negative transfer of learning, …

A Quantitative Analysis Of Seaplane Accidents From 1982-2021, David C. Ison

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

This study aimed to assess and analyze all historical National Transportation Safety Board accident reports since 1982. For analysis, reports were bisected into seaplane (float, amphibian, and hull) and non-seaplane groups. Findings showed that there is a deficiency in the level of available detail on the seaplane fleet and cadre of seaplane pilots in the U.S. During the most recent ten years of complete data (2012-2021) showed a negative trend in all accidents and fatal accidents, although only the latter being statistically convincing. During this timeframe, seaplane accident pilots had significantly higher total time and age than other groups (non-seaplane …

Why Is Grant Lake A Reservoir? A Brief Geological And Human History, From The Pleistocene To The Present, Robert B. Marks

Eastern Sierra History Journal

Drawing on a range of archival resources and illustrative material, Prof. Marks probes why and how Grant Lake in the Eastern Sierra of California became a reservoir. The process is long and involved, and has much to do with a remote and ancient lake ultimately being developed to serve the water needs of the distant city of Los Angeles.

Measuring The Performance Of Sdgs In Provincial Level Using Regional Sustainable Development Index, Nurafiza Thamrin, Ika Yuni Wulansari, Puguh Bodro Irawan

Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

Measuring the national and sub-national progress in achieving such globally adopted development agendas as Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is particularly challenging due to data availability and compatibility of indicators to measure SDGs, especially in Indonesia. This paper attempts to measure the performance of sustainable development at the regional level in Indonesia by newly constructing a multidimensional composite index called the Regional Sustainable Development Index (RSDI). RSDI comprises four dimensions, covering comprehensive economic, social, environmental, and governance indicators. By applying factor analysis, the paper assesses the uncertainty of RSDI and the sensitivity of its composing indicators, then further investigates the relationship …

Conversion Of Cellulose To 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural As Sustainable Energy: A Bibliometric Analysis By Vosviewer, Royyan Faradis, Ardiansyah Bagus Suryanto, Irmina Kris Murwani

Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

The developments of the global economy and society impact resources and the environment. This condition requires an alternative to find new, safe, and sustainable energy types. The conversion of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) has become a significant area of research interest. It has triggered the development of research directions related to biomass and energy because it can be an intermediary source for making polymers, solvents, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels. The primary objective of this study is to give a bibliometric analysis of 1753 reports on the development of research on cellulose conversion to 5-HMF from 1965 to 2021. The data were …

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

Guilty Machines: On Ab-Sens In The Age Of Ai, Dylan Lackey, Katherine Weinschenk

Critical Humanities

For Lacan, guilt arises in the sublimation of ab-sens (non-sense) into the symbolic comprehension of sen-absexe (sense without sex, sense in the deficiency of sexual relation), or in the maturation of language to sensibility through the effacement of sex. Though, as Slavoj Žižek himself points out in a recent article regarding ChatGPT, the split subject always misapprehends the true reason for guilt’s manifestation, such guilt at best provides a sort of evidence for the inclusion of the subject in the order of language, acting as a necessary, even enjoyable mark of the subject’s coherence (or, more importantly, the subject’s separation …

Ten Problems And Solutions For Restoration Of Karst Ecosystem In Southwest China, Xiaoyong Bai, Sirui Zhang, Chen Ran, Luhua Wu, Chaochao Du, Lei Dai, Xingyi Yang, Zilin Li, Yingying Xue, Mingkang Long, Minghui Li, Shu Yang, Qing Luo, Xiaoyun Zhang, Xiaoqian Shen, Fei Chen, Qin Li, Yuanhong Deng, Zeyin Hu, Chaojun Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The karst areas in southwest China are one of the key but difficult areas targeted in the “Beautiful China” construction initiative, which focuses on soil erosion, proportion of farmland, water pollution, karst drought, ecological restoration, carbon sink, ecological effects of urbanization, rocky desertification management indicators, and biodiversity and sustainability assessment. The study synthesizes the knowledge accumulated during ecological restoration practice in karst areas into 10 problems and solutions that are strong, universal and empirically supported. These problems and solutions help to explain the challenges of achieving sustainability in karst ecology restoration and thus point to solutions. They constitute a core …