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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Analysis Of Longitudinal Marginal Structural Models , Jennifer F. Bryan, Zhuo Yu, Mark J. Van Der Laan
Analysis Of Longitudinal Marginal Structural Models , Jennifer F. Bryan, Zhuo Yu, Mark J. Van Der Laan
U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series
In this article we construct and study estimators of the causal effect of a time-dependent treatment on survival in longitudinal studies. We employ a particular marginal structural model (MSM), and follow a general methodology for constructing estimating functions in censored data models. The inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) estimator is used as an initial estimator and the corresponding treatment-orthogonalized, one-step estimator is consistent and asymptotically linear when the treatment mechanism is consistently estimated. We extend these methods to handle informative censoring. A simulation study demonstrates that the the treatment-orthogonalized, one-step estimator is superior to the IPTW estimator in terms …
An Empirical Study Of Marginal Structural Models For Time-Independent Treatment, Tanya A. Henneman, Mark J. Van Der Laan
An Empirical Study Of Marginal Structural Models For Time-Independent Treatment, Tanya A. Henneman, Mark J. Van Der Laan
U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series
In non-randomized treatment studies a significant problem for statisticians is determining how best to adjust for confounders. Marginal structural models (MSMs) and inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) estimators are useful in analyzing the causal effect of treatment in observational studies. Given an IPTW estimator a doubly robust augmented IPTW (AIPTW) estimator orthogonalizes it resulting in a more e±cient estimator than the IPTW estimator. One purpose of this paper is to make a practical comparison between the IPTW estimator and the doubly robust AIPTW estimator via a series of Monte- Carlo simulations. We also consider the selection of the optimal …
The Analysis Of Placement Values For Evaluating Discriminatory Measures, Margaret S. Pepe, Tianxi Cai
The Analysis Of Placement Values For Evaluating Discriminatory Measures, Margaret S. Pepe, Tianxi Cai
UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series
The idea of using measurements such as biomarkers, clinical data, or molecular biology assays for classification and prediction is popular in modern medicine. The scientific evaluation of such measures includes assessing the accuracy with which they predict the outcome of interest. Receiver operating characteristic curves are commonly used for evaluating the accuracy of diagnostic tests. They can be applied more broadly, indeed to any problem involving classification to two states or populations (D = 0 or D = 1). We show that the ROC curve can be interpreted as a cumulative distribution function for the discriminatory measure Y in the …
Case-Control Current Status Data, Nicholas P. Jewell, Mark J. Van Der Laan
Case-Control Current Status Data, Nicholas P. Jewell, Mark J. Van Der Laan
U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series
Current status observation on survival times has recently been widely studied. An extreme form of interval censoring, this data structure refers to situations where the only available information on a survival random variable, T, is whether or not T exceeds a random independent monitoring time C, a binary random variable, Y. To date, nonparametric analyses of current status data have assumed the availability of i.i.d. random samples of the random variable (Y, C), or a similar random sample at each of a set of fixed monitoring times. In many situations, it is useful to consider a case-control sampling scheme. Here, …
Current Status Data: Review, Recent Developments And Open Problems, Nicholas P. Jewell, Mark J. Van Der Laan
Current Status Data: Review, Recent Developments And Open Problems, Nicholas P. Jewell, Mark J. Van Der Laan
U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series
Researchers working with survival data are by now adept at handling issues associated with incomplete data, particular those associated with various forms of censoring. An extreme form of interval censoring, known as current status observation, refers to situations where the only available information on a survival random variable T is whether or not T exceeds a random independent monitoring time C. This article contains a brief review of the extensive literature on the analysis of current status data, discussing the implications of response-based sampling on these methods. The majority of the paper introduces some recent extensions of these ideas to …
‘A View From Johannesburg.’ Daily Reports On The World Summit On Sustainable Development, Nat Quansah
‘A View From Johannesburg.’ Daily Reports On The World Summit On Sustainable Development, Nat Quansah
Nat Quansah
No abstract provided.
Dose Coefficient (Dc) Methodology Report, John P. Shanahan, Phillip W. Patton, Mark Rudin
Dose Coefficient (Dc) Methodology Report, John P. Shanahan, Phillip W. Patton, Mark Rudin
Transmutation Sciences Physics (TRP)
The purpose of this report is to present the methodology developed to calculate internal and external dose coefficients for radionuclides produced in the spallation process. Much of the information regarding computer codes in this report comes from various technical manuals and professional papers. References are provided at the beginning of each section for documentation and for the user who requires more specific information. The report also includes the results of applying the methodology to determine dose coefficients for five radionuclides. This effort identified potential areas of concern that will need to be addressed when the methodology is used in the …
Development Of Dose Coefficients For Radionuclides Produced In Spallation Neutron Sources, Phillip W. Patton
Development Of Dose Coefficients For Radionuclides Produced In Spallation Neutron Sources, Phillip W. Patton
Transmutation Sciences Physics (TRP)
A research consortium comprised of representatives from several universities and national laboratories has been established as part of this on-going project to generate internal and external dose conversion coefficients for radionuclides produced in spallation neutron sources. Information obtained from this multi-year study will be used to support the siting and licensing of future accelerator-driven nuclear initiatives within the U.S. Department of Energy complex, including the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) and Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) Projects. Determination of these coefficients will also fill data gaps for several hundred radionuclides that exist in Federal Guide Report No. 11 and in Publications …
Residential Radon Exposure And Lung Cancer: Variation In Risk Estimates Using Alternative Exposure Scenarios, R. William Field, Brian J. Smith, Daniel J. Steck, Charles F. Lynch
Residential Radon Exposure And Lung Cancer: Variation In Risk Estimates Using Alternative Exposure Scenarios, R. William Field, Brian J. Smith, Daniel J. Steck, Charles F. Lynch
Physics Faculty Publications
The most direct way to derive risk estimates for residential radon progeny exposure is through epidemiologic studies that examine the association between residential radon exposure and lung cancer. However, the National Research Council concluded that the inconsistency among prior residential radon case-control studies was largely a consequence of errors in radon dosimetry. This paper examines the impact of applying various epidemiologic dosimetry models for radon exposure assessment using a common data set from the Iowa Radon Lung Cancer Study (IRLCS). The IRLCS uniquely combined enhanced dosimetric techniques, individual mobility assessment, and expert histologic review to examine the relationship between cumulative …
Production Of A Monoclonal Antibody Against Benzo[Α]Pyrene Diol Epoxide Dna Adducts, Brian Peden Austin
Production Of A Monoclonal Antibody Against Benzo[Α]Pyrene Diol Epoxide Dna Adducts, Brian Peden Austin
Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations
Benzo[α]pyrene is a ubiquitous pollutant produced from the incomplete combustion of organic material such as fossil fuels. It is found in the workplace, urban air, drinking water, and the food supply. Recently, it has been proposed that benzo[α]pyrene may be the causative agent in the formation of lung adenocarcinomas among some Taiwanese women exposed to cooking oil fumes without adequate ventilation. In this study, calf thymus DNA was modified in vitro with benzo[α]pyrene-diol epoxide (BPDE) to a level consistent with that found in biological samples. This DNA of low modification was used as an immunogen in the production of a …
Comparing Bottled Water And Tap Water: Experiments In Risk Communication, Branden B. Johnson
Comparing Bottled Water And Tap Water: Experiments In Risk Communication, Branden B. Johnson
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The author discusses results of experiments in risk communication comparing bottled water and tap water.
Middlefield Open Space And Recreation Project, Center For Economic Development
Middlefield Open Space And Recreation Project, Center For Economic Development
Center for Economic Development Technical Reports
Over one thousand acres of farmland, open space, and wetlands are converted to residential or commercial development each week in New England. In Massachusetts, nearly two acres of open space land is lost to development every hour. Current development trends suggest that this building pattern, referred to as sprawl, is likely to continue into the near future. Because the negative consequences of sprawl development are highly visible, residents of Massachusetts are becoming increasingly concerned about its impact on their communities. Residents see the unique character of their communities being transformed by uncontrolled residential and commercial development. Green fields and open …
Estimating Causal Parameters In Marginal Structural Models With Unmeasured Confounders Using Instrumental Variables, Tanya A. Henneman, Mark Johannes Van Der Laan, Alan E. Hubbard
Estimating Causal Parameters In Marginal Structural Models With Unmeasured Confounders Using Instrumental Variables, Tanya A. Henneman, Mark Johannes Van Der Laan, Alan E. Hubbard
U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series
For statisticians analyzing medical data, a significant problem in determining the causal effect of a treatment on a particular outcome of interest, is how to control for unmeasured confounders. Techniques using instrumental variables (IV) have been developed to estimate causal parameters in the presence of unmeasured confounders. In this paper we apply IV methods to both linear and non-linear marginal structural models. We study a specific class of generalized estimating equations that is appropriate to these data, and compare the performance of the resulting estimator to the standard IV method, a two-stage least squares procedure. Our results are applied to …
Development Of Dose Coefficients For Radionulides Produced In Spallation Neutron Sources: Annual Report, Phillip W. Patton, Mark Rudin
Development Of Dose Coefficients For Radionulides Produced In Spallation Neutron Sources: Annual Report, Phillip W. Patton, Mark Rudin
Transmutation Sciences Physics (TRP)
The University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) Transmutation Research Program has been tasked to support U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) efforts to assess the health risks associated with the operation of each of their accelerator-driven nuclear facilities for both NEPA and PSAR development. Quantifying the radiological risks to workers will have to be addressed during the design and siting of each of these facilities. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Guidance Report No. 11 “Limiting Values of Intake and Air Concentration and Dose Conversion Factors for Inhalation, Submersion, and Ingestion”, developed two derived guides, Annual Limit on Intake (ALI) and …
Development Of Dose Conversion Coefficients For Radionuclides Produced In Spallation Neutron Sources, Phillip W. Patton, Mark Rudin
Development Of Dose Conversion Coefficients For Radionuclides Produced In Spallation Neutron Sources, Phillip W. Patton, Mark Rudin
Transmutation Sciences Physics (TRP)
For the first year of this effort, the UNLV research team set out four objectives. First, the university and laboratory consortium had to be established. This consortium was tasked with helping to determine the methodology for determining the dose coefficients, and to ensure that the resulting DCs will be of use to the national programs developing accelerator-driven nuclear systems (such as the SNS or an accelerator-driven transmutation system) and to the health physics community as a whole. The second goal of this program was to determine a methodology and then prioritize the radionuclides so that the research effort would address …
Peer Nutrition Education: A Model For Nutrition Education Among Spanish-Language Participants Of The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program For Women, Infants And Children (Wic), Maximino Alfredo Mejía
Peer Nutrition Education: A Model For Nutrition Education Among Spanish-Language Participants Of The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program For Women, Infants And Children (Wic), Maximino Alfredo Mejía
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Despite the steady improvement in the health status of Americans, Hispanics are a minority in the United States with greater prevalence of several infectious and chronic diseases and less health knowledge than the average citizen. Nearly half of the Hispanics living in this country die of preventable nutrition-related conditions, with heart disease and cancer being the leading causes. Since this minority has limited access to health care and preventive services, there is a need for an inexpensive, viable model of health education for this underserved segment of the population in order to lower the excess of preventable diseases. We trained …
The Role Of Diet And Physical Activity For Ovarian Cancer Results From The Adventist Health Study, Fatemeh Kiani
The Role Of Diet And Physical Activity For Ovarian Cancer Results From The Adventist Health Study, Fatemeh Kiani
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
A few aspects of the epidemiology of ovarian cancer are well understood, such as the inverse relationship with parity and oral contraceptive (OC) use. The role of other factors such as the potential influence of diet or physical activity is far from being established. A few studies, however, have been able to identify dietary risk factors for ovarian cancer. In this dissertation, I have conducted two studies that investigate the relationship between dietary factors and physical activity and the three endpoints: 1) nonfatal ovarian cancer (1976-1982; time to diagnosis), 2) fatal ovarian cancer (1976-1988; time to death), and 3) total …