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Articles 121 - 150 of 152
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Using Kriging, Cokriging, And Gis To Visualize Fe And Mn In Groundwater, Crystal Johnson
Using Kriging, Cokriging, And Gis To Visualize Fe And Mn In Groundwater, Crystal Johnson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
For aesthetic, economic, and health-related reasons, allowable concentrations of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) found present in drinking water are 0.3 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L, respectively. Water samples taken from private drinking wells in the rural communities within Buncombe County, North Carolina contain amounts of these metals in concentrations higher than the suggested limits. This study focused on bedrock geology, elevation, saprolite thickness, and well depth to determine factors affecting Fe and Mn. Using ArcGIS 10.2, spatial trends in Fe and Mn concentrations ranges were visualized, and estimates of the metal concentrations were interpolated to unmonitored areas. Results from this …
Identifying A Mechanism For An Infiltration Threshold From The Sunflower River, Ms To The Underlying Alluvial Aquifer, Austin Cole Patton
Identifying A Mechanism For An Infiltration Threshold From The Sunflower River, Ms To The Underlying Alluvial Aquifer, Austin Cole Patton
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Long-term groundwater level and stream stage measurements at a USGS coupled groundwater stream-gaging station located on the Sunflower River in Sunflower, MS show an apparent stage-threshold for infiltration to the underlying alluvial aquifer. This site is located near the center of a large regional groundwater cone of depression in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer. The USGS well (termed well 3 in this study) was thought to be completed in the regional shallow aquifer, though often recording anomalously high water levels relative to other wells in the region. The purpose of this research was to identify the responsible mechanism for …
Microtremor Recordings In Northern Mississippi: Evaluating Site Effect And Correlating With Wave Climate, Zhen Guo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Site effects is considered as one of the main reasons that cause enormous damages in earthquakes and it is mainly controlled by the local geological condition. The main research area, Northern Mississippi, is located in Mississippi Embayment (ME) where is mainly composed of unconsolidated sediments which can be as thick as 1400m along the Mississippi River floodplain, and is favorable to have significant site effects. Meanwhile Northern Mississippi is also located in the moderate to heavy potential damage area of the New Madrid Seismic Zone, which is in the northern section of ME. Therefore, it is very necessary to evaluate …
Dust And Pleistocene Ice Ages: Eolian Sediments And Climate Change At Ziegler Reservoir, Snowmass Village, Colorado, Jeffrey S. Honke
Dust And Pleistocene Ice Ages: Eolian Sediments And Climate Change At Ziegler Reservoir, Snowmass Village, Colorado, Jeffrey S. Honke
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The discovery of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site near Snowmass Village, Colorado presents an opportunity to examine subalpine ecosystem response, during a relatively unknown period, in which climate conditions were similar to present. Finegrained sediments at Ziegler Reservoir represent continuous deposition between ~140–55 ka (thousand years before present), spanning the close of the Bull Lake glacial period [marine isotope stage (MIS) 6], the Sangamon interglacial (MIS 5) and the early stages of the Pinedale (early Wisconsin) glacial period (MIS 4). Ziegler Reservoir is positioned on top of a ridge, at an elevation of 2705 m, and has a small watershed …
Analysis Of Snake Creek Burial Cave Mustela Fossils Using Linear & Landmark-Based Morphometrics: Implications For Weasel Classification & Black-Footed Ferret Conservation, Nathaniel S. Fox Iii
Analysis Of Snake Creek Burial Cave Mustela Fossils Using Linear & Landmark-Based Morphometrics: Implications For Weasel Classification & Black-Footed Ferret Conservation, Nathaniel S. Fox Iii
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Two discreet methods of geometric morphometrics were applied to evaluate the taxonomic utility of each in classifying the craniomandibular region of several Mustela species. Use of both linear measurements and 2-dimensional landmarks proved successful in discriminating between extant M. nigripes (black-footed ferret) and Neovison vison (American mink), in addition to the extant North American weasel species (M. erminea, M. frenata, M. nivalis). Methods were then used to classify Late Pleistocene Mustela spp. fossils collected from Snake Creek Burial Cave (SCBC) of eastern Nevada. Data acquired for unknown predicted group memberships varied markedly among methods and specimens. …
Continuous Tracking Of Lava Effusion Rate In A Lava Tube At Kilauea Volcano Using Very Low Frequency (Vlf) Monitoring, Richard A. Freeman
Continuous Tracking Of Lava Effusion Rate In A Lava Tube At Kilauea Volcano Using Very Low Frequency (Vlf) Monitoring, Richard A. Freeman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Measurement of lava effusion rates is a key objective for monitoring basaltic eruptions because it helps constrain geophysical models of magma dynamics, conduit geometry, and both deep and shallow volcano processes. During these eruptions, lava frequently travels through a single "master" lava tube. A new method and instrument for continuously monitoring the crosssectional area of lava streams in tubes and estimating the instantaneous effusion rate (IER) is described. The method uses 2 stationary very low frequency (VLF) radio receivers to measure an unperturbed VLF signal and the influence of highly conductive molten lava on that signal. The difference between these …
Fluctuations In Resistivity In The Tuscaloosa Marine Shale, Southwest Mississippi And Southeast Louisiana, Thomas Hetherington Story
Fluctuations In Resistivity In The Tuscaloosa Marine Shale, Southwest Mississippi And Southeast Louisiana, Thomas Hetherington Story
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Tuscaloosa Marine Shale in southwest Mississippi and Southeast Louisiana's Florida Parishes has become an unconventional target for the exploration and production of oil. Spurred by early estimates of over 7 billion barrels of oil in place, the target region for this production is the basal portion of the shale where a continuous increase in resistivity greater than 5 Ohmm can be observed. This increase was originally attributed solely to the generation of hydrocarbons from the organic matter contained within the shale, with the presence of the oil and gas impeding the flow of electrons through what would normally be …
Emplacement Of Pleistocene Basalt Flows Near Mccoy, Colorado, Andrea Bowen
Emplacement Of Pleistocene Basalt Flows Near Mccoy, Colorado, Andrea Bowen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Sediment Impact On The Formation Of Hypoxic Waters In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico: A Synthesis Of Sediment Texture, Composition, Erodibility And Transport, Rangley Claude Mickey
Sediment Impact On The Formation Of Hypoxic Waters In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico: A Synthesis Of Sediment Texture, Composition, Erodibility And Transport, Rangley Claude Mickey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Annual hypoxic events have been found to occur over the past several decades in the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM) and have prompted researchers to begin studying the mechanisms that control hypoxia formation so they may advise policy makers on the appropriate mitigating responses. This has led to the development of 3-dimensional modeling systems that incorporate marine physical, biological, geological, and chemical processes that may impact the formation and duration of hypoxic regimes in the nGOM. This study used field, laboratory, and modeling techniques to examine how sediment may be eroded from the seabed and where/how it is transported across …
The Urban Heat Island And Its Influence On Precipitation In Denver, Colorado, Diana Thunen
The Urban Heat Island And Its Influence On Precipitation In Denver, Colorado, Diana Thunen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Anthropogenic modification of the climate is an unintended yet serious effect of urbanization and it is happening in every city across the globe in the form of the urban heat island. The purpose of this study was to see if Denver, Colorado exhibits evidence of an urban heat island using meteorological data and if there has been a change in precipitation amounts since the urbanization of the city. It was concluded that Denver, Colorado does have an urban heat island that varies seasonally throughout the year with an average magnitude of 3.57°C during the day and 3.82°C at night. The …
Trophic State Monitoring Of Lakes And Reservoirs Using Remote Sensing, Michelle Aten
Trophic State Monitoring Of Lakes And Reservoirs Using Remote Sensing, Michelle Aten
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Lakes and reservoirs are important resources that provide water for critical needs, such as drinking water, agriculture, recreation, fisheries, wildlife, and other uses. However, there is increasing concern that anthropogenic eutrophication threatens the usability of these natural resources. Therefore, this research investigates these complex hydrologic ecosystems and recommends a methodology for monitoring the trophic state of lakes and reservoirs using remote sensing data. The Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality provided in situ data for seven Mississippi lakes including, Arkabutla, Bay Springs, Enid, Grenada, Okatibbee, Ross Barnett, and Sardis lakes. This research explored the relationships between the Secchi depth (SD), chlorophyll-a …
Structure And Rheology Of The Sandhill Corner Shear Zone, Norumbega Fault System, Maine: A Study Of A Fault From The Base Of The Seismogenic Zone, Nancy Ann Price
Structure And Rheology Of The Sandhill Corner Shear Zone, Norumbega Fault System, Maine: A Study Of A Fault From The Base Of The Seismogenic Zone, Nancy Ann Price
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Determining the structure and rheology of a seismogenic fault at frictional-to-viscous transition (FVT) depths is vital for understanding its strength and behavior. Few studies describe a fault from within this depth level, so the architecture of a shear zone at these depths as well as the effect of transient coseismic and postseismic deformation on the rheology of the shear zone is poorly-understood. The Sandhill Corner strand of the Paleozoic Norumbega fault system of Maine is the one of the few known examples of a subvertical, strike-slip fault exhumed from FVT depths. Using a suite of samples collected from the Sandhill …
Stratigraphy And Sedimentology Of The Smackover Formation, Southwest Alabama, Andrew Wilbourn
Stratigraphy And Sedimentology Of The Smackover Formation, Southwest Alabama, Andrew Wilbourn
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Smackover Formation is a highly productive producer of hydrocarbons throughout the United States Gulf Coast region. More than four million barrels of oil and five billion cubic feet of gas have been produced from the Smackover Formation in the Barnett Field in southwest Alabama. Paleohighs formed during the Paleozoic and salt tectonic relief features control sediment distribution of the Smackover Formation in southwest Alabama. The Smackover in Barnett Field is entirely dolomitized, but the carbonate texture at the time of deposition is still visible in thin section. The Smackover carbonates in Barnett Field were deposited in the near-shore area …
A Gis Investigation Of Regional Geologic Controls On Mercury Deposits In The Southwest Region Of Arkansas, Lindsey Carol Langsdon
A Gis Investigation Of Regional Geologic Controls On Mercury Deposits In The Southwest Region Of Arkansas, Lindsey Carol Langsdon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The mercury district of southwest Arkansas, located within Clark, Pike, and Howard counties, contains 77 mapped mercury deposits, primarily in the form of cinnabar, found within the sandstones and shales of the Stanley and Jackfork Formations. The geographic locations of the majority of the deposits tend to form an east-northeast alignment in map view. Utilization of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools provided insight to the regional controls on the spatial distribution of the mercury deposits by examining the proposed relationships between mercury deposits and regional faults or changes in lithology, both of which have been suggested (Clardy and Bush, 1976) …
Sequence Stratigraphy And Source Rock Characterization Of Organic-Rich Shales Within The Jurassic Smackover Formation, Conecuh Embayment, Alabama, U.S.A., Patrick W. Niemeyer
Sequence Stratigraphy And Source Rock Characterization Of Organic-Rich Shales Within The Jurassic Smackover Formation, Conecuh Embayment, Alabama, U.S.A., Patrick W. Niemeyer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Upper Jurassic Smackover Formation is a prolific producer of hydrocarbons known throughout the U.S. Gulf Coast region, and typically consists of carbonate lime mudstones, ooid grainstones, microbial boundstones, and dolostones. Recent exploration efforts in the Conecuh Embayment of southwest Alabama revealed the presence of two black, siliciclastic shale layers containing abundant terrestrially derived organic matter within the Smackover Formation. The shale layers provide interesting insight into the sequence stratigraphy and paleoclimate of the Conecuh Embayment, and the source of the hydrocarbons accumulated there. The two shale layers reach a maximum thickness of 50 feet along the longitudinal axis of …
Calcite Cementation Of Sixty-Five-Year-Old Aragonite Sand Dredge Pile, Nathan M. Snyder
Calcite Cementation Of Sixty-Five-Year-Old Aragonite Sand Dredge Pile, Nathan M. Snyder
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Dredging of the harbor at Stocking Island, Bahamas (23°31'45"N, 75°49'41"W) in 1942 produced four dredge piles of cross-bedded aragonite skeletal sand. The spoils piles are on the leeward (western) shore of the island, where they are subject to minimal wave energy. Collectively they are 350 x 50 m in plan view and 2 m high. The surface is very well cemented, which requires a hammer and chisel for sampling. Samples were collected from six sites at various locations of the dredge pile. Samples were analyzed for both chemical and physical properties using thin-section examination, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, bulk density …
Impervious Surfaces Mapping Using High Resolution Satellite Imagery, Tahmina Shirmeen
Impervious Surfaces Mapping Using High Resolution Satellite Imagery, Tahmina Shirmeen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In recent years, impervious surfaces have emerged not only as an indicator of the degree of urbanization, but also as an indicator of environmental quality. As impervious surface area increases, storm water runoff increases in velocity, quantity, temperature and pollution load. Any of these attributes can contribute to the degradation of natural hydrology and water quality. Various image processing techniques have been used to identify the impervious surfaces, however, most of the existing impervious surface mapping tools used moderate resolution imagery. In this project, the potential of standard image processing techniques to generate impervious surface data for change detection analysis …
Geoarchaeological Investigations Along The Tambo-Ilo Coast Of Southern Peru, Louis Fortin
Geoarchaeological Investigations Along The Tambo-Ilo Coast Of Southern Peru, Louis Fortin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The south coast of Peru has had a long history of cultural occupancy from the Preceramic through Chiribaya periods, and into Spanish Colonial / Post-Colonial periods. Procurement and modification of lithic material was an important activity throughout each of these periods but remains an under-explored dataset for late Prehispanic and Colonial populations in the region. Analysis at the Cola de Zorro archaeological site and within the Tambo-Ilo region examined the relation cultures have with their environment through a geoarchaeological analysis of the local geology and the distribution of lithics. Surveys were completed at Cola de Zorro in the quebrada drainage, …
Archaeological Geology And Postglacial Development Of The Central Penobscot River Valley, Maine, Usa, Alice Repsher Kelley
Archaeological Geology And Postglacial Development Of The Central Penobscot River Valley, Maine, Usa, Alice Repsher Kelley
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this interdisciplinary study is to provide a geological and environmental context for the Late Pleistocene and Holocene Native American occupation of the central Penobscot River Valley, Maine. In addition, this work provides a model for the regional synthesis of geological, archaeological, and paleoenvironmental data in order to examine large-scale patterns of archaeological site formation and preservation. The postglacial central Penobscot Valley experienced varied and rapid landscape changes. Withdrawal of the Laurentide Ice Sheet was followed by marine transgression and regression. Subaerial exposure initiated landscape development. The postglacial Penobscot River rapidly excavated a channel through glacial sediments, creating …
Porphyroblast Kinematics And Crenulation Cleavage Development In The Aureole Of The Mooselookmeguntic Pluton, Western Maine, Matthew E. Dupee
Porphyroblast Kinematics And Crenulation Cleavage Development In The Aureole Of The Mooselookmeguntic Pluton, Western Maine, Matthew E. Dupee
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The porphyroblastic pelitic schists of western Maine are ideal for studying the deformation and metamorphism that accompanies pluton emplacement. A regional lowpressure, high-temperature metamorphic event affected the areally extensive Silurian sediments with the thermal peak occuning ca. 404 Ma. This metamorphism produced the widespread assemblage staurolite + andalusite + biotite +I- garnet, and occurred during the late stages of development of a northeast-trending, steeply-dipping axial-surface foliation. A period of extensive plutonism accompanied and followed this Acadian-aged deformation and metamorphism. This study focuses specifically on the contact aureole of the Mooselookmeguntic pluton emplaced ca. 370 Ma. Contact metamorphism accompanied the development …
A Mass Balance Study Of The West Antarctic Ice Sheet, Vandy Blue Spikes
A Mass Balance Study Of The West Antarctic Ice Sheet, Vandy Blue Spikes
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present state of the West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS) is a prime concern of science, but its large size and remote location have limited the amount of reliable data that are available for mass balance calculations. The spatial pattern of mass balance for a 100-km2 portion of the WAIS is estimated by calculating the residual flux of ice through 1-km grid cells organized into a geographical information system (GIs). The input data used for this estimate include continent-scale compilations of ice thickness and snow accumulation rate measurements, and ground-based measurements of snow accumulation rate and ice velocity. The …
The Characteristics That Control The Stability Of Eroding Coastal Bluffs In Maine, Corinn C. Keblinsky
The Characteristics That Control The Stability Of Eroding Coastal Bluffs In Maine, Corinn C. Keblinsky
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Bluffs of glacigenic sediment exist along 53% of the tidal shoreline of Maine. Under the current regime of rising sea level, waves, groundwater, and sub-aerial processes easily erode these materials. The hazardous nature of the bluffs is not widely recognized by the public, and new homeowners are often shocked to find out that their property is disappearing. To better educate the public, the Maine Geological Survey is mapping the stability of coastal bluffs. This report utilizes that database along with other available data to determine what controls the relative stability of bluffs. A geographic information system (GIs) was used to …
Stable Sulfur Isotope Rations From West Antarctica And The Tien Shan Mountains: Sulfur Cycle Characteristics From Two Environmentally Distinct Areas, Lee Pruett
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Continuous snow pit and ice core samples from two distinct environments (West Antarctica and the Tien Shan mountains in central Asia) were analyzed for 6 3 4 ~ and used to assess different regional sulfur cycle characteristics. In West Antarctica, 18 continuous samples were obtained from the RIDSA ice core (78.73"S, 116.33"W, 1740 m asl), covering the years 1935 to 1976. Each sample represents from 2 to 3 years of snow deposition, and the combination of summer and winter seasons varies by sample. 6 3 4 ~ values range from 3.1 %O to 9.9%0, and reflect the overall isotopic composition …
Late Holocene Sea-Level Change Around Newfoundland, Julia Daly
Late Holocene Sea-Level Change Around Newfoundland, Julia Daly
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Analysis of basal salt-marsh peats and tide-gauge data from several locations around Newfoundland yield high-resolution late Holocene sea-level reconstructions and constrain differential sea-level change. The transition between rising and falling local sea levels and the influence of glacioisostasy on relative sea-level change around Newfoundland through the late Holocene are not well known fiom previous research. The patterns of local relative sea-level change during this time have important implications for constraining numerical models of sea-level change, and therefore inferences about ice sheet thickness and the response of the lithosphere to deglaciation. I investigated the stratigraphy of salt marshes at four locations …
Distribution Of Patterned Ground And Surficial Deposits On A Debris-Covered Glacier Surface In Mullins Valley And Upper Beacon Valley, Antarctica, Andrew M. Lorrey
Distribution Of Patterned Ground And Surficial Deposits On A Debris-Covered Glacier Surface In Mullins Valley And Upper Beacon Valley, Antarctica, Andrew M. Lorrey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Beacon Valley is located in the western Dry Valleys, Antarctica, adjacent to the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS). The surficial material on the floor of Beacon Valley is segmented into large polygonal landforms separated by trenches. Buried beneath the polygons and surficial material is massive ground ice. One hypothesis is that the buried ice in upper Beacon Valley is glacier ice originating from local debris-covered glaciers. The networks of polygons and trenches form as the buried ice undergoes thermal contraction and sublimation. Contraction cracks that penetrate the surficial material and buried ice in Beacon Valley contain Late Miocene age volcanic …
Evolution Of Seabed Pockmarks In Penobscot Bay, Maine, Allen M. Gontz
Evolution Of Seabed Pockmarks In Penobscot Bay, Maine, Allen M. Gontz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Seafloor depressions, called pockmarks, have been known to exist in Penobscot Bay, Maine since the mid 1980's (Knebel and Scanlon, 1985). Earlier workers (Ostericher, 1965) recognized "channels" on sonoprobe records that are in the sanle area as the pockmarks recognized by Knebel and Scanlon (1985). Their origins and pathways of evolution are unknown. Much speculation about the sources of pore fluids, levels of activity, and evolutionary pathways has occurred since their discovery. Two surveys of Belfast Bay, in 1998 and 1989, have shown differences in the pockmark field population. Over the course of a decade, 36% of the field's 1998 …
Surficial Geology And Geomorphology Of The Western Olympus Range, Antarctica: Implications For Ice-Sheet History, Brett Vandenheuvel
Surficial Geology And Geomorphology Of The Western Olympus Range, Antarctica: Implications For Ice-Sheet History, Brett Vandenheuvel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A widespread erosion surface passes across bedrock and sedimentary deposits in the western Dry Valleys sector of the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM), southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. The surface includes stoss-and-lee slopes, channels, potholes, scoured basins, and corrugated bedrock. These features have been taken to represent subglacial meltwater erosion beneath a greatly expanded East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) in the mid-Miocene (Denton et al. 1984, Marchant et al. 1993a). Sedimentary deposits that are typically associated with ice-sheet wastage, such as outwash, are not present on the erosion surface. The lack of these deposits indicates that the expanded ice-sheet postulated to be responsible …
Evolution Of Sprague Neck Bar, Machias Bay, Maine, Rebecca A. Nestor
Evolution Of Sprague Neck Bar, Machias Bay, Maine, Rebecca A. Nestor
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sprague Neck Bar is a recurved barrier spit located in Machias Bay, Maine. Principle geomorphic features associated with Sprague Neck Bar include bedrock, coastal bluffs, till in grounding line (the Pond Ridge Moraine) and washboard moraines, mudflats, sand and gravel beaches, and a salt marsh. Sprague Neck Bar is attached to the western end of the Pond Ridge Moraine (Sprague Neck) and extends northward toward the head of Machias Bay for 845 meters before the system recurves to the southeast for 232 meters. The recurve system forms a broad tidal flat with evidence for northward and eastward migration of the …
Anthropogenic Influences And Meteorological Effects: How They Are Changing The Sand Beaches In Southern Maine, Heather W. Heinze
Anthropogenic Influences And Meteorological Effects: How They Are Changing The Sand Beaches In Southern Maine, Heather W. Heinze
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Although sand beaches in southern Maine comprise only a small segment of the coastline, they are economically important to the state. From September 1999-March 2001, volunteers made monthly topographic profiles along nine beaches in southern Maine to monitor changes. The volunteers used the Emery Method of beach profiling to take simultaneous measurements at spring low tide. The beaches are significantly different with respect to physiography, incident wave energy and direction, available sediment supply and extent of development. An average of the profiles for each category demonstrates that the undeveloped beaches experienced regular seasonal fluctuations and a consistent berm elevation from …
Magmatic Enclaves And Evidence For Magma Mixing In The Oak Point Granite, Deer Isle, Maine, Usa, Ben Johnston
Magmatic Enclaves And Evidence For Magma Mixing In The Oak Point Granite, Deer Isle, Maine, Usa, Ben Johnston
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Coastal Maine Magmatic Province (CMMP) consists of over 100 post tectonic plutons with ages varying from Silurian to Carboniferous. Predominately, plutons are either felsic or mafic with little intermediate material. Several plutons within the CMMP show evidence for direct interaction of contemporaneous mafic and felsic magmas. These are classified as Mafic and Silicic Layered Intrusions (MASLI), a specific group of plutons with characteristics indicative of mafic magma replenishment into silicic magma chambers. While the Maine coast contains several MASLI type plutons, other plutons in the CMMP contain less definitive, more cryptic evidence that suggests interaction of mafic and silicic …