Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

High Density 3d Seismic Data-Driven Comprehensive Interpretation Method Of Magmatic Intrusion Zones In Coal Seams And Its Application, Shan Rui, Zhang Guangzhong, Wang Qianyao, Yang Guangming

Coal Geology & Exploration

Ordovician limestone karst water is the main threatening water source for mining activities in Baode coal mine, and it is one of the main water supply sources. Ordovician limestone karst water samples were systematically collected in Baode coal mine, and the methods of correlation analysis, ion proportional coefficient, saturation index inversion simulation and Chlor-Alkali index were chosen to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and its formation mechanism. The results showed that the water quality types of Ordovician limestone water changed from runoff zone to stagnant zone in a trend of HCO₃-Na(Na·Ca)→HCO₃·Cl-Na·Ca(Ca·Mg)→Cl-Na(Na·Ca). The mass concentration of each ion …

Pulverized Coal-Controlling Method Based On Supermolecular Film In Cbm Well, Wu Ying, Li Xiaonan, Liu Zixiong, Liu Rumin

Coal Geology & Exploration

Correctly understanding the micro-scale fracture characteristics of the Lower Cambrian shale and the evolution law of acoustic emission signals are of great reference value in the study of shale mechanical characteristics, fracture mechanism and shale gas development and utilization. In this paper, based on digital image processing technology, the non-uniform characterization of quartz-filled shale is carried out, and a numerical model is established using the real rock fracture analysis system RFPA^2D-DIP to simulate the failure process of shale under different confining pressures. The test results show that under the micro-scale structure, the shale failure mode can be roughly …

The Application Of Ovt Domain Processing Technology In Deep Cbm Exploration In Qinshui Basin, Tian Zhongbin, Li Juan, Shen Youyi, Feng Ajian, Yang Xiaodong

Coal Geology & Exploration

The high concentration slurry is poured into the goaf to form filled piers. The bearing capacity of the piers to the superstructure are affected by the overlap size. In order to grasp the influence of the overlap size on the bearing capacity of the overlying rock layer, high concentration slurry was prepared which selected cement as the cementing material, standard sand as the aggregate. 3D printing technology was used to make the mold to produce the overlapped round table samples. The uniaxial compression test was carried out. Test results show that, when the top area and height of each single …

Characteristics And Monitoring Method Of The Trajectory Of The Radial Cbm Well, Xin Kai, Ji Changjiang, Xiao Chun

Coal Geology & Exploration

The in-situ stress of 3-1 coal seam in Hongqingliang coal mine was measured by hollow core inclusion measurement, and distribution characteristics of in-situ stress field were obtained in order to solve the problem of serious deformation in mining roadway. Fault structures of grade Ⅰ-Ⅴ in Hongqingliang coal mine were divided by geo-dynamic division method, and the stress areas were divided and the stability of roadways was analysis by rock stress state analysis system. The research showed that the in-situ stress field in Hongqingliang coal mine belongs to the horizontal tectonic stress field, which is dominated by horizontal compressive stress. The …

Biogas Production Of Lignite And Variation Characteristics Of Cations In Liquid Phase System, Zhao Han, He Huan, Wang Jiangze, Song Yanli, Niu Jianglu, Chen Linyong, Guo Xin, Liu Jian, Guan Jiadong, Yuan Xuefang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Liupan Shan lies between the Tibetan plateau and Ordos block and has been under the remote effect of the northeastward extension of the Tibetan plateau. The former research about the uplift of Liupan Shan mainly focused on the petrology, structural deformation or tectonic evolution study from the Cretaceous to early period of Cenozoic. However, the Late Pleistocene geological study closely connected with the human activities was rarely mentioned. In this study, we carried out systematic sedimentary research in the Qingshuihe basin adjacent to the Liupan Shan tectonic belt, re-determine the sedimentary sequence at first, then reverse the uplift history of …

Analysis On The Cbm Extraction Effect Of The Horizontal Wells In The Coal Seam Roof In Luling Coal Mine In Huaibei, Fang Liangcai, Li Guihong, Li Dandan, Li Haozhe, Liu Jia

Coal Geology & Exploration

Aiming at the scientific evaluation of coaxial casing heat transfer of geothermal resources with medium burial depth(1 500-4 000 m), a rock-water coupled heat transfer model of a vertical single well was built based on the simulation platform of COMSOL Multiphysics software. Taking the stratigraphic and geothermal characteristics of Xi'an area as the simulation background, the heat transfer capacity of single well(3 500 m)casing under two different geothermal gradients(0.027℃/m and 0.030℃/m) and four flow velocities(0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 m/s) was calculated and analyzed. Meanwhile, the numerical models of group wells with five kinds of well spacing were established, and the …

Mechanism Of Aggregate Start-Up Process And Coupling Of Two-Phase Flow In Hydrodynamic Roadway, Mou Lin

Coal Geology & Exploration

Adding heat-conducting filler to the cement of the geothermal well could significantly improve the thermal conductivity of the cement stone and enhance the heat extraction effect of the geothermal well. In this study, on the basis of summarizing the heat conduction path theory and concept of high packing density, the effects of different filler types, particle sizes and dosages on the thermal conductivity of cementing cement were investigated through experiments. The test results showed that graphite had the best effect on improving the thermal conductivity of cement stone compared to other types of filler; the larger the graphite particle size, …

Late Pleistocene Sedimentary Features And The Palaeoclimatic Background In Hongsibao Basin, Li Zhenhong, Cui Jiawei, Li Chaozhu, Jiang Boyu, Huang Ting

Coal Geology & Exploration

The chuck is an important part of the coal mine tunnel drilling rig. The performance of the chuck directly affects the efficiency and quality of drilling. Aiming at the problems of the rubber cylinder hydraulic chuck. a new radial piston hydraulic chuck is studied. The objective of this paper is to devise a new radial piston hydraulic chuck instead of rubber-sleeve hydraulic chuck. Then, the motion mathematical model of radial piston hydraulic chuck was established based on the radial piston chuck clamping and loosening of system structure and working principle. At the same time, a dynamic co-simulation of chuck hydraulic …

Gas Drainage Technology And Practice Analysis Of Large Diameter High Position Directional Long Borehole, Hao Shijun, Duan Huijun, Mo Haitao, Peng Xu, Peng Dong

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to solve the problem of the high mud content and easy hydration and dispersion of the Cretaceous sedimentary strata in well Songke-2, the bit balling is prone to occur in the water-based drilling fluid environment, which affects the drill bit ROP and induces downhole adhesion stuck, the paper combined the core drilling technology of well Songke-2, systematically analyzed of the causes of bit balling generated by the drill bit in the mudstone and water-based drilling fluid environment, provided a basis for the design of the anti-balling of the drill bit and the formulation of the anti-ball in drilling …

Use Of Image Processing Algorithms For Mine Originating Waste Grain Size Determination, Sebastian Iwaszenko

Journal of Sustainable Mining

The utilization of mineral wastes from the mining industry is one of most challenging phases in the raw materials life cycle. In many countries, there are piles of mineral waste materials that date back to the previous century. There is also a constant stream of accompanying mineral matter excavated during everyday mine operation. This stream of waste matter is particularly notable for deep coal mining. Grain size composition of waste mineral matter is one of most important characteristics of coal originating waste material. This paper presents the use of image analysis for the determination of grain size composition of mineral …

A Conceptual Model Evaluation Framework For Adaptive Governance And Adaptive Management In Large-Scale Restoration Programs, Chadwin Smith

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Adaptive management (AM) has become a kind of plastic phrase applied as a formulaic panacea for most major species recovery and ecosystem restoration efforts now underway across the United States. AM emerged as an application of the scientific method to resource management, closely tying management to science learning through experimental actions. The phrase “learning by doing” best captures the premise behind developing an experimental management approach that could be applied on the larger scale of a river system or ecosystem. In nearly five decades of application, however, examples of successful AM implementation at large scales are few and conflict remains …

How Can Employers Contribute To Reducing Commuter-Generated Carbon Emissions? Evaluating Employer-Provided Commuter Benefits In Cambridge, Ma, Mary Richards

Masters Theses

Encouraging a more sustainable commuter mode shift and improving urban transportation systems have the potential to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), a major contributor to climate change. Replacing some single-occupancy vehicle (SOV) trips with alternative modes of transportation, such as public transit, walking, or bicycling, represents one approach to begin reducing transportation-related emissions. Collectively, these shifts in transportation patterns would help to reduce the negative social, economic, and environmental costs associated with high rates of personal vehicle use. Employer-provided benefits programs have the potential to influence commuter behavior by making sustainable, alternative commuting choices a more convenient and economically …

Does Invasion Science Encompass The Invaded Range? A Comparison Of The Geographies Of Invasion Science Versus Management In The U.S., Lara Munro

Masters Theses

Biases in invasion science lead to a taxonomic focus on plants, particularly a subset of well-studied plants, and a geographic focus on invasions in Europe and North America. Geographic biases could also cause some branches of invasion science to focus on a subset of environmental conditions in the invaded range, potentially leading to an incomplete understanding of the ecology and management of plant invasions. While broader, country-level geographic biases are well known, it is unclear whether these biases extend to a finer scale and thus affect research within the invaded range. This study assessed whether research sites for ten well-studied …

Enforcing Higher Standards For Flood Hazard Mitigation In Vermont, Tamsin Flanders

Masters Theses

The state of Vermont faces increasing risk of costly damage from catastrophic flooding events as climate change increases the frequency of heavy rains and cumulative precipitation. In addition to increasing flood inundation risk, extreme precipitation events are leading to high rates damage from fluvial erosion—erosion caused by the force of floodwater and the materials it carries. As in all U.S. states, flood hazard governance in Vermont is shared by multiple levels of government and involves a complex compliance model that relies on local governments to regulate private property owners to achieve community, state, or federal goals.

To encourage municipalities to …

New England’S Underutilized Seafood Species: Defining And Exploring Marketplace Potential In A Changing Climate, Amanda Davis

Masters Theses

New England’s seafood industry has been searching for opportunities to diversify their landings and build resilience as it faces socio-economic challenges from a changing climate. Developing markets for underutilized species is one way the New England community could help their seafood industry build resilience. This thesis identified New England’s underutilized fish species and explored their marketplace potential by examining their availability in a changing climate, current availability to consumers, and consumers’ responses. In Chapter I, I account how New England’s seafood preferences have changed over time. In Chapter II, I identify New England’s seven underutilized seafood species: 1) Acadian redfish …

Accurate Quantitation Of Hexavalent Chromium For Reference Standard Certification And Quality Control Testing Using Speciated Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry, James E. Henderson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The ability to perform accurate, repeatable, and defensible elemental and molecular speciated analysis is immensely significant for measurements that support human health, environmental science, and industry. This is especially true since trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] is necessary for proper nutrition, while hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is extremely toxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic. The main challenges associated with speciated analysis are related to reactive species that are continuously transformed or converted to other species during sample processing. Accurate determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species require a method that is capable of monitoring and correcting for interconversion, bias, and instrumental error. Traditional quantitative methods, such …

Fluoride Removal With Augmented Bentonite In Drinking Water And Community Perceptions In Arusha, Tanzania, Kara Okular

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

High fluoride concentrations in drinking water affect millions of people around the world. The World Health Organization recommended a fluoride concentration in drinking water of ≤ 1.5 mg/L; fluoride above this concentration can cause long-term dental and skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride imparts no taste to water; therefore, people do not realize that they are ingesting high fluoridated water. Researchers sought to develop a material to remove fluoride from drinking water through sorption. Aluminum was used to form a double ionic layer on the bentonite clay surface. Once mixed in contaminated water, a coagulant, ferric sulfate, was used to separate the bentonite …

Pharmaceuticals And Personal Care Products In Pacific Northwest Coastal Ecosystems: Spatial Variation, Organism Effects, And Consumer Perspectives, Amy Lynne Ehrhart

Dissertations and Theses

Anthropogenic pollution poses a threat to marine organisms and ecosystems worldwide. Common chemical pollutants that enter the marine environment include legacy contaminants, which are well known and heavily regulated or banned pollutants, and emerging contaminants, which are more recently recognized as pollutants and often lack regulatory limits for their use and discharge. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent is a major source of various contaminants of concern, particularly pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) that are not fully removed during treatment. PPCPs exist at low concentrations in the environment and may have unknown and subtle effects on marine life. Data gaps …

Core Commitments For Field Trials Of Gene Drive Organisms, Kanya C. Long, Luke Alphey, George J. Annas, Cinnamon S. Bloss, Karl J. Campbell, Jackson Champer, Chun-Hong Chen, Amit Choudhary, George M. Church, James P. Collins, Kimberly L. Cooper, Jason A. Delborne, Owain R. Edwards, Claudia I. Emerson, Kevin Esvelt, Sam Weiss Evans, Robert M. Friedman, Valentino M. Gantz, Fred Gould, Sarah Hartley, Elizabeth Heitman, Janet Hemingway, Hirotaka Kanuka, Jennifer Kuzma, James V. Lavery, Yoosook Lee, Marce Lorenzen, Jeantine E. Lunshof, John M. Marshall, Philipp W. Messer, Craig Montell, Kenneth A. Oye, Megan J. Palmer, Philippos Aris Papathanos, Prasad N. Paradkar, Antoinette J. Piaggio, Jason L. Rasgon, Gordana Rašić, Larisa Rudenko, J. Royden Saah, Maxwell J. Scott, Jolene T. Sutton, Adam E, Vorsino, Omar S. Akbari

USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We must ensure that trials are scientifically, politically, and socially robust, publicly accountable, and widely transparent.

Gene drive organisms (GDOs), whose genomes have been genetically engineered to spread a desired allele through a population, have the potential to transform the way societies address a wide range of daunting public health and environmental challenges. The development, testing, and release of GDOs, however, are complex and often controversial. A key challenge is to clarify the appropriate roles of developers and others actively engaged in work with GDOs in decision-making processes, and, in particular, how to establish partnerships with relevant authorities and other …

Influence Of Some Climatic Elements On Radon Concentration In Saeva Dupka Cave, Bulgaria, Peter Nojarov, Petar Stefanov, Karel Turek

International Journal of Speleology

This study reveals the influence of some climatic elements on radon concentration in Saeva Dupka Cave, Bulgaria. The research is based mainly on statistical methods. Radon concentration in the cave is determined by two main mechanisms. The first one is through penetration of radon from soil and rocks around the cave (present all year round, but has leading role during the warm half of the year). The second one is through thermodynamic exchange of air between inside of the cave and outside atmosphere (cold half of the year). Climatic factors that affect radon concentration in the cave are temperatures (air, …

Applying The Food-Energy-Water Nexus Approach To Urban Agriculture: From Few To Fewp (Food-Energy- Water-People), Silvio Caputo, Victoria Schoen, Kathrin Spect, Baptiste Grard, Chris Blythe, Nevin Cohen, Runrid Fox-Kämper, Jason Hawes, Joshua Newell, Lidia Poniży

Publications and Research

Many studies examine the correlation between the use of resources such as water, energy and land, and the production of food. These nexus studies focus predominantly on large scale systems, often considering the social dimensions only in terms of access to resources and participation in the decision- making process, rather than individual attitudes and behaviours with respect to resource use. Such a concept of the nexus is relevant to urban agriculture (UA), but it requires customisation to the particular characteristics of growing food in cities, which is practiced mainly at a small scale and produces not only food but also …

Decline Of Novel Ecosystems Used By Endangered Species: The Case Of Piping Plovers, Least Terns, And Aggregate Mines, Joel G. Jorgensen, Stephen J. Brenner, Lauren R. Greenwalt, Mark P. Vrtiska

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Sand and gravel mining creates novel ecosystems along the Platte, Loup, and Elkhorn rivers in Nebraska, USA. Piping plovers and least terns are state and/or federally threatened and endangered species, respectively, that nest and raise young at these sites and their derivatives. Despite hosting relatively large numbers of piping plovers and least terns for decades, an important question that has largely gone unaddressed is whether the industry that has produced these novel ecosystems is stable and will continue to produce habitat consistently in the future. We evaluated how the number, size, and spatial distribution of different site types hosting different …

Species Distribution Modeling For Arid Adapted Habitat Specialists In Zion National Park, Sam Driver, Daniel R. Unger, David L. Kulhavy, Chris M. Schalk

Student Publications

The Arizona toad (Anaxyrus microscaphus) and Jones’ waxy dogbane (Cycladenia humilis var. jonesii) are habitat specialists with historical ranges in the desert southwest and specifically, Zion National Park (ZION). The machine learning method, MaxEnt, constructed species distribution models (SDMs) in ZION for the two study species at 30 m and 900 m spatial resolutions using climate, topographic, and remotely sensed data. Additionally, 900 m forecasting models were constructed to observe the shifts in suitable habitat for the years 2050 and 2070, based off two representative concentration pathway scenarios. Results indicate promising predictive power for both high …

Species Distribution Modeling For Arid Adapted Habitat Specialists In Zion National Park, Sam Driver, Chris M. Schalk, Daniel Unger, David Kulhavy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Arizona toad (Anaxyrus microscaphus) and Jones’ waxy dogbane (Cycladenia humilis var. jonesii) are habitat specialists with historical ranges in the desert southwest and specifically, Zion National Park (ZION). The machine learning method, MaxEnt, constructed species distribution models (SDMs) in ZION for the two study species at 30 m and 900 m spatial resolutions using climate, topographic, and remotely sensed data. Additionally, 900 m forecasting models were constructed to observe the shifts in suitable habitat for the years 2050 and 2070, based off two representative concentration pathway scenarios. Results indicate promising predictive power for both high …

The Kitchen Table: Relationships With The People, Food And Land That Sustain Us, Chelsey Frost

Masters Theses

The purpose of this paper is to examine the ways in which interactions with food and around food affect an individual’s sense of self, connection to community as well as to friends and family, and sense of place. Short, personal narrative gives way to discussion of such themes and ideas as home, homemade food and terroir. It becomes clear that acts of celebration of and gratitude for food, particularly in connection with a specific place or line of heritage, play necessary roles in the development of our personal identities and in our search for belonging. These stories are based on …

Mobility Justice And Social Capital In Strawberry Mansion And Kensington, Philadelphia Pa, Rebecca Fruehwald

Masters Theses

This thesis explores the theoretical and practical relationship between mobility justice and social capital. A literature review establishes the theoretical relationship through an overview of history and policy. The relationship is then explored through a case study of Strawberry Mansion and Kensington neighborhoods in Philadelphia. These sections are then connected by considering how they are both impacted by the larger system of capitalism. The real-world example of gentrification is given for how all these elements interact and affect each other, and the practical relationship between mobility justice and social capital is established. Finally, policy implementations and paths for possible future …

Sensuous Knitting: Making Practice That (Re)Members Ecological Entanglement, Sarah Manion

Masters Theses

Conceptualizing the climate crisis as a system of broken relationships calls for a broader understanding of entangled ecological interrelationality. Developing deep and effective responses relies on a stamina for complexity grounded in a recognition and acknowledgement of the way ecological entanglements are revealed to us. Within this frame, practice may provide unique opportunity for the development and promotion of this attuned awareness. To explore this possibility, the personal practice of sensuous knitting is used in this thesis as a way to demonstrate the intersections between intellectual modes of understanding and embodied forms of knowing. Using elements of autoethnographic narration of …

Exploring Multimedia Storytelling As A Novel Tool To Inspire Americans To Participate In Wildlife Conservation, Megan Brief

Masters Theses

Human and nonhuman animal lives are intimately entangled. In the age of the Anthropocene, it is imperative to reexamine our proximity and kinship with nature. Human-wildlife conflict can evolve into coexistence through conservation efforts marked by creativity and compassion. To inspire conservation action among North American audiences, we must enact novel ways of disseminating scientifically technical concepts. Multimedia storytelling can encourage equitable involvement among lay participants in conservation spaces. When inclusive of Indigenous knowledges, and conscious of damage narratives, such innovative stories can empathetically communicate wildlife degradation and injustices, as well as animate vulnerable human and nonhuman communities.

Growing Quelites In The City: Exploration On Memory And Food Sovereignty In Mexico City, Paola Valeria Ramirez Ensastiga

Masters Theses

In Mexico, as in the world, the number of people living in urban areas is increasing. In addition, urbanization directly generates a fragmentation of the natural habitat and causes the loss of biodiversity. Native edible crops are also being threatened by a constant decline in biodiversity, causing negative ecological, economic and even cultural impact. Until now, the main guardians of the edible biodiversity have been indigenous peoples. Several authors agree that the way in which indigeous people relate to nature may shed some light on how to face the ecological and climate crisis that we are experiencing today. I argue …

Outdoor Air Pollution Exposure And Inter-Relation Of Global Cognitive Performance And Emotional Distress In Older Women, Andrew J. Petkus, Xinhui Wang, Daniel P. Beavers, Helena C. Chui, Mark A. Espeland, Margaret Gatz, Tara Gruenewald, Joel D. Kaufman, Joann E. Manson, Susan M. Resnick, James D. Stewart, Gregory A. Wellenius, Eric A. Whitsel, Keith Widaman, Diana Younan, Jiu-Chiuan Chen

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

The interrelationships among long-term ambient air pollution exposure, emotional distress and cognitive decline in older adulthood remain unclear. Long-term exposure may impact cognitive performance and subsequently impact emotional health. Conversely, exposure may initially be associated with emotional distress followed by declines in cognitive performance. Here we tested the inter-relationship between global cognitive ability, emotional distress, and exposure to PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter 2 (nitrogen dioxide) in 6118 older women (aged 70.6 ± 3.8 years) from the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study. Annual exposure to PM_2.5 (interquartile range [IQR] = 3.37 μg/m³) and NO₂ (IQR …