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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A Current Assessment Of Vole Damage And Numbers And Of Methods Used To Control Voles In Ontario Apple Orchards, Ronald J. Brooks, Stephen A. Struger
A Current Assessment Of Vole Damage And Numbers And Of Methods Used To Control Voles In Ontario Apple Orchards, Ronald J. Brooks, Stephen A. Struger
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
A province-wide evaluation of the amount, distribution, source and control of damage to Ontario apple trees was initiated. Data we re obtained from 280 responses to a questionnaire distributed to growers across Ontario, and from trap censuses in three widely separated areas. Meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) damaged or destroyed 8,423 trees in our questionnaire sample and other mammals damaged another 10,307 trees. No relationship was found between application of rodenticide and levels of damage, but rodenticide-treated baits sharply reduced numbers of voles on our trap plots. Orchards with high levels of damage were on average only one-third as …
Long Term Vole Control In Ontario Apple Orchards, Zia Siddiqi, W. D. Blaine
Long Term Vole Control In Ontario Apple Orchards, Zia Siddiqi, W. D. Blaine
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
A poisoned bait feeder station is being evaluated for a long term meadow vole control in Ontario apple orchards. This bait station can maintain a bait supply even under deep winter snow cover, commonly experienced in Ontario, when voles inflict extensive tree damage. Latest generation of acute anticoagulants, encapsulated zinc phosphide, and commercial formulation of zinc phosphide treated cracked corn bait in the bait stations are evaluated against the conventional broadcast application of the zinc phosphide treated cracked corn.
Effect Of Pellet Size And Packaged Commercial Baits For The Control Of Pine Voles, Ross E. Byers, Mark H. Merson
Effect Of Pellet Size And Packaged Commercial Baits For The Control Of Pine Voles, Ross E. Byers, Mark H. Merson
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
No difference in field control of pine voles was found be¬tween 3 different pellet sizes broadcast at either 5.6 kg/ha (5 lbs/.p acre) or 11.2 kg/ha (10 lbs/acre) for either Volid or ZP Rodent Bait . Comparison of the 18 Volid plots with the 18 ZP Rodent Bait plots showed a statistical difference in animal control between these materials of 95% and 85% respectively. Place packs of Volid or ZP Rodent Bait were opened at approximately 95% of the active sites. Since about 5% of the sites were active by the apple indexing, we believe a low but residual population …
Potential Use Of Barn Owls To Control Vole Populations In Orchards, T. L. Derting, Jack A. Cranford
Potential Use Of Barn Owls To Control Vole Populations In Orchards, T. L. Derting, Jack A. Cranford
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
The development of control methods for pine and meadow voles in orchard habitats has met with limited success. Though numerous physical, mechanical, and chemical methods have been recommended for limiting vole populations, few have effectively reduced and maintained vole populations at minimal densities for extended periods of time. Though the use of chemicals has been the most effective control method developed it has not resulted in the extinction of pest populations. The initial application of rodenticides frequently causes a significant reduction in pest species, but due to their high intrinsic rate of increase, vole densities quickly rise. Because of high …
Pine Vole Reinvasion Of An Unfilled Suitable Habitat, Pamela N. Miller, Milo E. Richmond
Pine Vole Reinvasion Of An Unfilled Suitable Habitat, Pamela N. Miller, Milo E. Richmond
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Despite years of research aimed at developing ecologically safe and effective methods for controlling pine voles these rodents remain a serious agricultural pest. A large portion of the damage occurring yearly could be avoided through close adherence to the current recommendations. A regular mowing and herbicide program to eliminate rodent cover combined with rodenticides comprise the integrated pest management program currently available. Effective toxicants include a ground spray and various pelleted baits which can be placed in the runways. Repeated mowing of grasses and the use of herbicides are two effective means of reducing or eliminating an existing population, and …
Status Of Winter Populations Of Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum, Philip O. Renzullo, Milo E. Richmond
Status Of Winter Populations Of Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum, Philip O. Renzullo, Milo E. Richmond
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Knowledge of the spatial and temporal organization of free ranging animal populations is important to an understanding not only of the social behavior between members of those populations, but also of several demographic parameters of the population, including reproduction, dispersal and mortality. Such information is particularly important when viewed in the context of pest species management. The efficacy of control practices such as rodenticide application and habitat manipulation might be greatly enhanced if performed with an understanding of the organization and status of pest populations in mind.
Early considerations of pine vole (Microtus pinetorum) spatial and temporal organization were based …
Influence Of Photoperiod And Nutrition On Food Composition, Body Condition And Reproduction In The Pine Vole, J. J. Hasbrouck, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick, Jack A. Cranford
Influence Of Photoperiod And Nutrition On Food Composition, Body Condition And Reproduction In The Pine Vole, J. J. Hasbrouck, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick, Jack A. Cranford
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Previous field studies in Virginia reported a longer breeding sea¬son in pine voles in maintained apple orchards than in abandoned orchards and attributed the difference to nutrition (Cengel et at. 1978, Noffsinger 1976). The maintained orchard was theorized to have better quantity and quality of forage in fall due to mowing, fertilizing and the presence of apple drops. Hasbrouck et a1. (1981) found adult male pine voles snap-trapped in November and December in an orchard where apples were present had significantly heavier reproductive organs and higher spermatozoa counts than those trapped in an area of the orchard where apples had …
A Preliminary Survey Of Genetic Variation Over Two Seasons Among Orchard Pine Vole Populations, J. E. Mcbride, J. J. Ney, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick
A Preliminary Survey Of Genetic Variation Over Two Seasons Among Orchard Pine Vole Populations, J. E. Mcbride, J. J. Ney, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
The objective of this study was to test for genetic homogeneity among several discontinuous orchard pine vole populations, particularly between those that had been treated with endrin and those that had not. Endrin-resistant pine vole strains have been documented (Webb and Hors-fall 1967; Webb et a1. 1973), but have not been characterized genetically. Practically, this study was designed to determine if genetic differences existed among endrin-treated and non-treated orchard populations over two seasons of the year, by examining a few specific gene loci believed to be involved in endrin metabolism in small mammals.
Radiotelemetric Evaluation Of The Effect Of Horticultural Practices On Pine And Meadow Voles In Apple Orchards: Iii. Use Of Orchard Border Habitats By Meadow Voles, Ralph E. Pagano, Dale M. Madison
Radiotelemetric Evaluation Of The Effect Of Horticultural Practices On Pine And Meadow Voles In Apple Orchards: Iii. Use Of Orchard Border Habitats By Meadow Voles, Ralph E. Pagano, Dale M. Madison
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
A study was undertaken to determine if meadow voles,Microtus pennsylvanicus, use habitats adjacent to apple orchards. Considerations were given to how extensively these areas were used, if at all, and if a bulldozed strip would control their movements between the orchard and adjacent border habitats. Trapping and telemetry data showed that meadow voles do use the adjacent border habitats extensively and make frequent crossings between these areas and the nearby or¬chards. It would seem, therefore, important to include these areas in any vole management program. Although the bulldozed strip was effective in reducing movements between the orchard and adjacent …
Ecological Requirements Of Pine And Meadow Voles In New England Orchards, Alan J. Steiner
Ecological Requirements Of Pine And Meadow Voles In New England Orchards, Alan J. Steiner
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
With increased concern over the effects of pesticides on ecosystems end non-target species, the use of many toxic materials has either been banned or severely restricted. Consequently, a more ecological approach to vole damage is necessary to develop sounder methods of control. Distribution of pine voles (Microtus pinetorum), both seasonally end geographically, indicates that this species is not readily adaptable to 8 wide range of habitat types or conditions. If there are certain factors limiting the occurrence end abundance of pine voles, end they can be detected, we may be able to exploit this knowledge to adversely affect …
Progress Of A Bioenergetic Simulator Of Pine Vole Populations, K. C. Jordan, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick
Progress Of A Bioenergetic Simulator Of Pine Vole Populations, K. C. Jordan, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
The pine vole research effort under way at VPI & SU has involved 4 parts: an investigation of nutrition and energetics, a study of habitat and behavior, an evaluation of chemical control, and the development of a computer simulation model of population dynamics. Coyle et a1. (1981) reported on the results of a preliminary model developed by Coyle (1980), and outlined a second stage model to incorporate his (1980) recommendations and the continually expanding base of field and laboratory data. The preliminary model was a demographic simulator mechanistically driven by bioenergetic equations developed chiefly from laboratory studies at Virginia Tech. …
Water Metabolism In Laboratory-Maintained And Free-Ranging Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), D. Rhodes, M. E. Richmond
Water Metabolism In Laboratory-Maintained And Free-Ranging Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), D. Rhodes, M. E. Richmond
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Prior study of water use by the pine vole, Microtus pinetorum, has indicated that these voles require large volumes of water on a daily basis and exhibit rapid turnover of body water relative to other mammals of similar body size (Rhodes and Richmond, 1981). However, the extent to which these animals are tolerant of water deprivation and hence the importance of available water to the members of this species remains unexplored. Similarly, data on rates of body water turnover in free-ranging pine voles are presently unavailable. Thus, this study examines rates of body water turnover and urine concentrations of …
Effect Of Green Vegetation And Cotton Nest Material On Reproduction And Survival Of Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), Jack A. Cranford
Effect Of Green Vegetation And Cotton Nest Material On Reproduction And Survival Of Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), Jack A. Cranford
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Plant compounds associated with active plant growth and senescence have been reported to have different effects on microtine reproduction (Berger et al., 1977, 1981). Biological assays of inhibitory compounds showed some effect at pharmacological doses in Microtus pennsylvanicus but not in M. pinetorum (Cranford et al., 1980; Derting and Cranford, 1981). Stimulatory plant compounds contained in active growing wheat have been demonstrated to cause early sexual maturation (Berger et al., 1981) and to induce reproduction in wild populations during non reproductive periods (Negus, 1977; Berger et al., 1981). Bodenheimer (1949) postulated that plants contain compounds which trigger the onset of …
Strange Males Block Pregnancy In Lactating Pine Voles, Microtus Pinetorum, And Reduce Survival And Growth Of Nursing Young, Margaret H. Schadler
Strange Males Block Pregnancy In Lactating Pine Voles, Microtus Pinetorum, And Reduce Survival And Growth Of Nursing Young, Margaret H. Schadler
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Strange (unfamiliar) males affect survival of progeny of reproductive female rodents in a variety of ways. In mice, strange males block pregnancy before implantation of embryos (Bruce, 1959) but only in females that are not lactating (Bruce and Parkes, 1961). In voles these males can block pregnancy both before and after implantation (Stehn and Richmond, 1975; Marks and Schadler, 1979; Schadler, 1981). Strange males have also been shown to kill nursing pups in lemmings (Mallory and Brooks, 1978) and mice (Labov, 1980 and vom Saal and Howard, 1982).
The present study in pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) examines the …
A Comparison Of Maternal Behavior In Three Species Of Voles (Microtus Pennsylvania, M. Pinetorum, And M. Ochrogaster) Using A Laboratory System, B. A. Mcguire, M. A. Novak
A Comparison Of Maternal Behavior In Three Species Of Voles (Microtus Pennsylvania, M. Pinetorum, And M. Ochrogaster) Using A Laboratory System, B. A. Mcguire, M. A. Novak
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
A system has been developed to describe and compare the maternal behavior of three species of microtine rodents within a naturalistic environment. The apparatus consists of two Interconnected Plexiglas-based tables with a peat substrate and hay cover. A pregnant female and her mate are placed within the tables, once the female has shown a thirty percent weight gain and pups can be felt by palpating her abdomen. Maternal behavior, as well as male-female interactions and information on pup physical and behavioral development, are recorded daily for twenty-five days immediately following parturition. Unrestricted observation of female behavior during neonatal, pre-weaning and …
Proceedings Of The Sixth Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, Harpers Ferry, Wv (Covers, Frontmatter, Contents)
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Frontmatter
Demographic Analysis Of Pine Vole Populations In Two Orchard Types In Southwest Virginia, J. J. Hasbrouck, A. R. Tipton, S. B. Lindquist
Demographic Analysis Of Pine Vole Populations In Two Orchard Types In Southwest Virginia, J. J. Hasbrouck, A. R. Tipton, S. B. Lindquist
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Few long term studies have been conducted to analyze the population dynamics of pine and meadow voles in orchard environments. Such studies are needed to provide basic biological information for use in orchard management and vole control programs. To satisfy these needs, a three year study was begun in December, 1979, to monitor vole populations in a maintained and an abandoned apple orchard in Southwest Virginia. Two objectives of this study were (1) to follow population dynamics of pine and meadow voles in two orchard types and (2) to provide data for the development and validation of computer modeling efforts …
1982 Vole Symposium West Virginia Orchard Tour, Roger S. Young
1982 Vole Symposium West Virginia Orchard Tour, Roger S. Young
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Warm Springs Orchard - Robert W. Butler
Swan Pond Orchard - William Kilmer
Lewis Brother Orchard - Charles and Otho Lewis
The Status Of Endrin - 1981, Harvey S. Gold
The Status Of Endrin - 1981, Harvey S. Gold
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
As reported in 1980, at the Fourth Annual Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium, the use of endrin would be subject to the EPA Administrator's decision as delineated in the EPA Position Document 4. The details of his decision and the resulting prohibitions and restrictions were given at last year's Symposium and are contained in the official publication of the 1980 Symposium in the article by Lawrence S. Ebner and Harvey S. Gold.
Pine Vole Activity Results For 1979-1980 Toxicant Applications, Roger S. Young
Pine Vole Activity Results For 1979-1980 Toxicant Applications, Roger S. Young
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
The toxicants were placed in an apple orchard consisting of 'Rome' and 'Golden Delicious' trees planted in 1954 at a distance of 20 by 20 feet and thinned to 20 by 40 feet in 1972. Pine voles have been for several years the dominant vole infesting the orchard and have caused an 8% tree loss. Vole activity sites were selected at 30 trees per treatment. Bait applications of brodifacoum (Volak) and chlorophacinone (Rozol) were made by hand placement under roofing pads at one activity site per tree. A treatment was included using the "Mouse-ateria", as the bait station for comparison …
Seasonal Variations In Movements And Habitat Use By Pine And Meadow Voles, Ralph E. Pagano, Dale M. Madison
Seasonal Variations In Movements And Habitat Use By Pine And Meadow Voles, Ralph E. Pagano, Dale M. Madison
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Free-ranging pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) and meadow voles (M. pennsylvanicus) were radio-tracked in a maintained apple orchard environment in August and December 1980. Meadow voles maintained larger home ranges than pine voles in the summer, but had similar-sized ranges in December. The home ranges for both species decreased with the onset of winter. Pine and meadow voles showed a strong tendency to remain within rows and to restrict most of their movement to areas beneath the canopy. Despite some overlap in space use between the species, the movements of both vole species suggested mutual avoidance. Differences …
Spacing, Movements, And Social Organization Of A Free-Ranging Population Of Pine Voles Microtus Pinetorum, Randall W. Fitzgerald, Dale M. Madison
Spacing, Movements, And Social Organization Of A Free-Ranging Population Of Pine Voles Microtus Pinetorum, Randall W. Fitzgerald, Dale M. Madison
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Free-ranging pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) were radio-tracked in a maintained orchard environment from August to November 1980. Pine voles existed in discrete non-overlapping family units with an average of 6.5 individuals per family unit. Home ranges of family members overlapped extensively, and all the members of a single family unit utilized one or two communal nest sites within the family's territory. Males ranged slightly farther than females, and females spent more time in the nest than did males. The mating system appeared to be promiscuous with a high degree of social tolerance among pregnant and lactating females and …
Survey Of Pine Vole Activity In Apple Orchards Near Roanoke, Virginia, Greg K. Yarrow
Survey Of Pine Vole Activity In Apple Orchards Near Roanoke, Virginia, Greg K. Yarrow
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
A survey of pine vole activity in apple orchards around the Roanoke, Virginia area was made in conjunction with current trapping efforts involving pine vole research. A total of 60 orchards were examined and subjectively ranked according to pine vole activity. At least 10% of the trees in each orchard were examined for signs of possible activity.
Colonization Of An Abandoned Orchard By Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), Jack A. Cranford, J. Harrison, T. L. Derting
Colonization Of An Abandoned Orchard By Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), Jack A. Cranford, J. Harrison, T. L. Derting
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Habitat selection by pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) has been attributed to cover density (Goertz, 1971; Paul, 1970) soil condition (Benton, 1955; Fisher and Anthony, 1980), and food resources (Noffsinger, 1976; Paul, 1970). Goertz (1971) reported that pine voles were distributed in diverse habitats, but there was a close correlation with height and diversity of grass. Miller and Getz (1969) found populations in sloping upland woods, Benton (1955) in dry woods, and Paul (1970) in hardwood slopes with a close correlation between distribution and amount of ground cover. Soil type has been examined by Benton (1955) and Fisher and …
Analysis Of Seasonal Dynamics Of Pine Vole Populations In Two Virginia Orchards, S. B. Lindquist, A. R. Tipton, G. K. Yarrow, J. J. Hasbrouck
Analysis Of Seasonal Dynamics Of Pine Vole Populations In Two Virginia Orchards, S. B. Lindquist, A. R. Tipton, G. K. Yarrow, J. J. Hasbrouck
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Presently, V. P. I. and S.U. is involved in a three year multi-disciplinary project to study pine and meadow vole ecology, behavior, and control (see additional V.P.I, and S. U. papers in Proc. Fifth East. Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium). In conjunction with this research, a long-term field study has been initiated to collect seasonal data on vole densities, survivorship, and reproduction in two Virginia apple orchards. The use of these data will be fourfold: (1) to gain insight into the dynamics of Virginia vole populations; (2) to act as a reference (or control) for future field experiments involving manipulation …
A System For The Observation Of Voles Under Semi-Natural Conditions With Applications To: Social Interactions, Competition, Food Habits, Habitat Preference And Bait Accpetance., D. S. Wilkie, M. A. Novak
A System For The Observation Of Voles Under Semi-Natural Conditions With Applications To: Social Interactions, Competition, Food Habits, Habitat Preference And Bait Accpetance., D. S. Wilkie, M. A. Novak
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
A laboratory system to study microtine rodents has been developed that avoids many of the intrinsic restrictions of earlier laboratory and field studies. The system is composed of two interconnected plexiglas tables with a soil substrate and hay cover. The system permits unconstrained visual observation of voles as they move within a runway network of their own construction. The flexibility of the system facilitates its use in various avenues of microtine research.
Proceedings Of The Fifth Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, Gettysburg, Pa, March 4-5, 1981
Proceedings Of The Fifth Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, Gettysburg, Pa, March 4-5, 1981
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Entire symposium.
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE FIFTH EASTERN PINE AND MEADOW VOLE SYMPOSIUM
The Fifth Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium was held at the Sheraton Inn-Gettysburg, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania March 4 and 5, 1981, for the purpose of assessing the current status of research, extension, and industry programs relating to the problem of vole damage to fruit trees. The meeting was intended to create a problem solving atmosphere in which growers; various governmental agencies such as EPA, USDA, USDI; the chemical industry; and university personnel could observe the cur¬rent thrusts of research and extension programs and their potential impact on future …
Non-Target Species Hazard Or Brodifacoum Use In Orchards For Meadow Vole Control, Mark H. Merson, Ross E. Byers
Non-Target Species Hazard Or Brodifacoum Use In Orchards For Meadow Vole Control, Mark H. Merson, Ross E. Byers
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
This year we entered into our second year of non-target species hazard assessment of Brodifacoum used (BFC; ICI Americas, Inc.) as an orchard rodenticide. The primary emphasis of this work has been to in¬vestigate the effects of BFC on birds of prey through secondary poisoning. The hazard level of BFC to raptors should be dependent on the levels found in post-treatment collections of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus). Post-treatment collections of meadow voles were made during both the 1979 and 1980 field trials. The residue analysis from the 1979 collections are now available (through the courtesy of ICI Americas, …
Experimental Results Of Chlorophacinone Ground Sprays In North Carolina, William T. Sullivan Jr.
Experimental Results Of Chlorophacinone Ground Sprays In North Carolina, William T. Sullivan Jr.
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Field experiments with chlorophacinone (CPN) ground sprays seem to be more effective in control of pine voles in North Carolina orchards when the percentage grass cover under tree drip lines is high. Preliminary laboratory results seem to confirm this observation.
Our group has carried out a number of field trials of the efficacy of ground sprays for controlling pine voles in orchards. In reviewing these tests with special reference to inconsistency of results with chlorophacinone (Hayne 1977) an apparent relationship to the amount of grass cover was noted, and laboratory trials were started to test this question.