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- VIMS Books and Book Chapters (37)
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Articles 31 - 48 of 48
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Contaminant Effects On Chesapeake Bay Shellfish, Michael E. Bender, Robert J. Huggett
Contaminant Effects On Chesapeake Bay Shellfish, Michael E. Bender, Robert J. Huggett
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
The paper reviews contaminant effects on Chesapeake Bay shellfish from two avenues (1) adverse biological effects on the organisms and (2) fisheries closures due to bacterial and chemical contamination. The use of shellfish to monitor anthropogenic inputs of chemical contaminants is also discussed. Fisheries closures due to bacterial contamination account for the greatest economic loss due to man's activities. Kepone contamination in the James River, Virginia caused fisheries closures but has not appeared to cause biological damage to the resources. Organotin compounds from antifouling paints appear to pose a threat to Chesapeake Bay shellfish.
Factors Affecting The Distribution And Abundance Of The Blue Crab In Chesapeake Bay, W. A. Van Engel
Factors Affecting The Distribution And Abundance Of The Blue Crab In Chesapeake Bay, W. A. Van Engel
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
That environmental conditions in the Chesapeake Bay are optimal for the blue crab population is suggested by the fact that hard crab landings by Virginia and Maryland watermen accounted for almost 48% of the total of East and Gulf coast landings in 1985. Estimates of total mortality from the egg to the adult stage range from 0.999973 to 0.999996. Commercial fishing removes an additional 0.0000031 to 0.0000251, leaving 0.0000024 to 0.000001 as the rates of removal by other sources. Physical and chemical pollutants, predators, and plants and animals symbiotic with the blue crab are part of the environment that must …
Man's Physical Effects On The Elizabeth River, Maynard M. Nichols, Mary M. Howard-Strobel
Man's Physical Effects On The Elizabeth River, Maynard M. Nichols, Mary M. Howard-Strobel
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Man's ever increasing activities in the Elizabeth River, i.e. dredging, disposal of dredged material and waterfront development, have drastically altered the river floor, reshaped the shoreline and changed the circulation. Long-continued dredging of shipping channels, which is fostered by coal export, larger ships, and military needs, has moved 220 million cu yds of sediment since 1870. As a result channel depth has increased 1.8 fold, and maintenance dredging rates have doubled about every 35 years. Open water disposal released 40 million cu yds into Hampton Roads and lower Chesapeake Bay. Landfill buried tributary creeks, moved the waterfront into the river …
Trace Element Contamination From Fly Ash Sites Near Chisholm Creek, Va, George C. Grant, Bruce J. Neilson, Gene M. Silberhorn
Trace Element Contamination From Fly Ash Sites Near Chisholm Creek, Va, George C. Grant, Bruce J. Neilson, Gene M. Silberhorn
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
The safe disposal of fly ash from power plants remains a concern because of dwindling available disposal sites and potential or actual environmental consequences. During the period from 1957 to 1974, the Virginia Electric and Power Co. station at Yorktown used a mixture of coal and refinery coke for power generation. The fly ash and bottom ash byproducts were disposed of in borrow pits which drain into Chisman Creek, a small estuary near the York River. In 1980 a domestic well near the pits turned green and tests revealed high concentrations of V and Se in some wells. Subsequently, contaminated …
Impacts Of Alum Sludge On Tidal Freshwater Streams, Morris H. Roberts, Robert J. Diaz
Impacts Of Alum Sludge On Tidal Freshwater Streams, Morris H. Roberts, Robert J. Diaz
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Alum sludge, generated in the processing of surface water .for drinking water supplies, has traditionally been discharged into nearby streams in Virginia and elsewhere. Alum sludge contains aluminum in an insoluble and non-toxic form. There remains concern, however, that alum sludge may have a negative impact on receiving waters.
Dredging And Disposal In The Chesapeake Bay, Robert J. Diaz, Robert J. Byrne, Linda C. Schaffner
Dredging And Disposal In The Chesapeake Bay, Robert J. Diaz, Robert J. Byrne, Linda C. Schaffner
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
The management questions involved in dredging and open water dredged material disposal revolve around three basic issues: 1) stability of the dredged material within the defined disposal area, 2) altered resource value of bottoms affected by dredged material, and 3) mobilization of toxins from contaminated dredged material. These issues encompass all aspects of the physical and biological character of a project site. The actual evaluation of dredging and dredged material disposal has generally concentrated on acute impacts to bottom dwelling organisms, benthos, and or to water column characteristics. This emphasis has resulted in ample evidence that many disposal practices have …
Kepone Uptake: A Comparison Of Field And Laboratory Data, Micheal E. Bender, Robert J. Huggett, Harold D. Sloane
Kepone Uptake: A Comparison Of Field And Laboratory Data, Micheal E. Bender, Robert J. Huggett, Harold D. Sloane
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
The ability to predict the environmental fate and effects of pollutants in the marine environmenits of utmost importance in assessing the hazards posed by a compound's use and/or disposal. Most commonly utilized methods to establish potential environmental effects have involved an assessment with bioassays of a compound's acute and chronic toxicity. For compounds that have the ability to bioaccumulate, the potential dangers from this process must also be determined. A "first cut" estimate can be made by determining the partition coefficients between an organic solvent, usually n-octanol, and water. If this coefficient exceeds 25,000, EPA requires a report of the …
Acute Toxicity Potential Of Chlorination In Estuarine Waters, Morris H. Roberts Jr.
Acute Toxicity Potential Of Chlorination In Estuarine Waters, Morris H. Roberts Jr.
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Two primary uses of chlorination in estuarine systems are disinfection of sewage effluent and fouling control in condensor tubes of electric power generating plants. The intent in both uses is to apply sufficient chlorine to kill certain target organisms. At the same time, however, efforts are made to control both the application rate and effluent release so that non-target species in the receiving waters are not affected. To accomplish such control, the effluent is usually retained, which permits the decay of the residual chlorine and rapid dilution with ambient water to reduce further the residual. The residual concentration continues to …
Toxic Substances, R. Bieri, O. Bricker, R. Byrne, R. J. Diaz, Et Al
Toxic Substances, R. Bieri, O. Bricker, R. Byrne, R. J. Diaz, Et Al
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
This part of the CBP Synthesis Report summarizes and integrates the research findings and reconnnendations of 13 projects of the Chesapeake Bay Toxic Substances Program performed between July 1978 and October 1981. The following sections describe research on potentially toxic substances, or toxicants, in water-sediments and selected biota. The subjects considered include a brief review of metals, their sources, distribution and behavior, and then a review of sources and distribution of organic chemicals. Finally, information concerning the significance of toxicants in the- Bay and their pattern of enrichment is provided. Most information synthesized in this report can be traced to …
Light And Submerged Macrophyte Communities In Chesapeake Bay: A Scientific Summary, Richard L. Wetzel, Robin F. Van Tine, Polly A. Penhale
Light And Submerged Macrophyte Communities In Chesapeake Bay: A Scientific Summary, Richard L. Wetzel, Robin F. Van Tine, Polly A. Penhale
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
The initial focus of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) research in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) was evaluation of the structural and functional ecology of these communities. In the upper Bay, Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton perfoliatus are the dominant species; the dominant species in the lower Bay are Zostera marina and Ruppia maritima. Studies centered on various aspects of productivity (both primary and secondary), trophic structure, and resource utilization by both ecologically and economically important species. Much of the initial research was descriptively oriented because of a general lack of information on Chesapeake Bay submerged plant …
Ethical Aspects Of Chesapeake Bay Use, Ann Hayward Rooney-Char, Maurice P. Lynch
Ethical Aspects Of Chesapeake Bay Use, Ann Hayward Rooney-Char, Maurice P. Lynch
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
No abstract provided.
Nonpoint Sources And Impacts In A Small Coastal Plain Estuary: A Case Study Of The Ware River Basin, Virginia, Gary F. Anderson, Cindy Bosco
Nonpoint Sources And Impacts In A Small Coastal Plain Estuary: A Case Study Of The Ware River Basin, Virginia, Gary F. Anderson, Cindy Bosco
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
The Ware River Study is one of five small watershed projects sponsored by the EPA Chesapeake Bay Program. These projects are designed to provide data on nutrient and organic loadings entering the Bay over the wide range of topographies, climates, and land uses which occupy its watershed. Each provides information on a particular geographic segment of the Bay region. In particular, the Ware study is intended to document special characteristics of runoff from low relief coastal plain environments, and to document their impacts on a small estuarine receiving water.
Evaluating Impacts On Continental Shelf Environments, Concepts And Prospects, Donald F. Boesch
Evaluating Impacts On Continental Shelf Environments, Concepts And Prospects, Donald F. Boesch
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
New and expanding activities on the continental shelf including disposal of wastes and dredged material, deepwater ports, floating nuclear power plants, mining, and oil and gas exploitation, have spawned increased interest in the ecology of continental shelf ecosystems and the environmental effects of these activities. Changing patterns of historical uses of the shelf environment, i.e., fishing and transportation, and as yet hypothetical new uses, such as tapping energy from the ocean's currents and gradients, will undoubtedly further increase our concern for the coastal oceans.
Kepone® Residues In Chesapeake Bay Biota, M. E. Bender, R. J. Huggett, W. J. Hargis Jr.
Kepone® Residues In Chesapeake Bay Biota, M. E. Bender, R. J. Huggett, W. J. Hargis Jr.
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Oysters from the James displayed variations in Kepone residue levels related to water temperature and their spawning cycle. Oyster depuralion rates were related to temperature. In summer the "biological half. life" of Kepone in oysters was about one week, while during the winter about 40 days were required for residue levels to decline by 50 per cent. Residues in blue crabs varied as a function of sex, males having considerably higher residues than females. Fin fish levels from the James varied greatly, with residue levels being dependent on species and length of residence for migratory fishes .. Average Kepone residues …
Depuration Of Kepone By Atlantic Croaker In A Laboratory Study, Robert T. Doyle, J. V. Merriner, M. E. Bender
Depuration Of Kepone By Atlantic Croaker In A Laboratory Study, Robert T. Doyle, J. V. Merriner, M. E. Bender
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Contamination of the James River in Virginia by the organochlorine pesticide Kepone R prompted depuration studies of commercially important species. Approximately 400 croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) were taken from the James River and placed in Kepone-free York River water. Groups of 20 fish, maintained at ambient temperature, were sampled over time to determine depuration rate. Results suggest that there is no substantial depuration of Kepone by croaker until water temperature exceeds 15 C.
Public Health Aspects Of Tropical Storm Agnes In Virginia's Portion Of Chesapeake Bay And Its Tributaries, M. P. Lynch, J. Claiborne Jones
Public Health Aspects Of Tropical Storm Agnes In Virginia's Portion Of Chesapeake Bay And Its Tributaries, M. P. Lynch, J. Claiborne Jones
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
All Virginia waters within Chesapeake Bay were closed for the taking of shellfish for direct consumption on 23 June 1972. This initial closing was in anticipation of high microorganism levels accompanying flood waters moving downstream. Various areas beginning with the lower portion of Chesapeake Bay were reopened beginning )n 20 July 1972. By 5 October 1972 all areas closed as a result )f Tropical Storm Agnes were reopened. No increased incidents of infectious diseases caused by waterborne microorganisms were noted in Virginia which could be attributed to Tropical Storm Agnes.
Methods For Measuring Ecosystem Stress, R. J. Huggett, M. E. Bender
Methods For Measuring Ecosystem Stress, R. J. Huggett, M. E. Bender
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
If one looks back over the past twenty-five years, at the pollution crises which have made the headlines and influenced our decision making policies on both local and national levels, one may note a very interesting aspect. That is, the crises are often associated with the development of new and more sensitive types of analytical instrumentation. Several examples of this readily come to mind: for example, it wasn't until the development of electron capture detection for gas chromatography that DDT really became a crisis. The reason is quite simple: the concentrations which were being accumulated by the organisms were below …
Distribution Of Copper And Zinc In Oysters And Sediments From Three Coastal-Plain Estuaries., R. J. Huggett, F. A. Cross, M. E. Bender
Distribution Of Copper And Zinc In Oysters And Sediments From Three Coastal-Plain Estuaries., R. J. Huggett, F. A. Cross, M. E. Bender
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Copper and zinc were analyzed in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from the Newport River estuary, North Carolina, and the Rappahannock River estuary, Virginia. Results indicated that a concentration gradient existed, higher concentrations of metals being found in animals living in fresher waters as was shown previously for oysters in the James, York, and Rappahannock estuaries in Virginia. Absorbed, precipitatcd-coprecipitated, and organic fractions of copper and zinc in the <63-μm portion of the sediments from the Rappahannock and York rivers and estuaries were estimated from collections made in January 1972 and June 1973. These sediment data are discussed for both estuarine systems and are compared with metal concentrations in oysters. These comparisons indicated that the concentration gradient found in oysters does not appear to be related to the distribution of copper and zinc in the sediments. Alternative explanations for the inverse relationships between concentrations of copper and zinc in oysters and salinity arc given.