Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Air Pollutant Emissions From Process Of Mixing Materials Used For Manufacturing Small Products From Carbon And Graphite, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Przemysław Szczygłowski

Robert Oleniacz

The paper characterises the method of preparing the HCC and Rubba-type materials used to manufacture small carbon and graphite products, and the composition of waste gases escaping from the mixers for these materials. For the process of mixing the two materials under examination, two measurement series were completed, mainly covering the period from when the binder was added to the properly pre-heated dry mass until the mixer discharged. The results shown apply only to those substances which occur just in the gaseous phase, that is CO, CO2, O2, H2, aliphatic hydrocarbons (C1-C6) and BTX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) as …

Badania Zawartości Substancji Gazowych W Gazach Odprowadzanych Z Procesu Przygotowania Tworzyw Do Produkcji Drobnych Wyrobów Węglowych I Grafitowych, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Przemysław Szczygłowski

Robert Oleniacz

The paper characterises the method of preparing the HCC and Rubba-type materials used to manufacture small carbon and graphite products, and the composition of waste gases escaping from the mixers for these materials. For the process of mixing the two materials under examination, two measurement series were completed, mainly covering the period from when the binder was added to the properly pre-heated dry mass until the mixer discharged. The results shown apply only to those substances which occur just in the gaseous phase, that is CO, CO2, O2, H2, aliphatic hydrocarbons (C1-C6) and BTX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene). Due …

Badania Zawartości Pyłu Ogółem I Węglowodorów Wyższych W Gazach Odprowadzanych Z Procesu Przygotowania Tworzyw Do Produkcji Drobnych Wyrobów Węglowych I Grafitowych, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Przemysław Szczygłowski

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of measurements of concentrations of dust substances in flue gases from the mixing process of two type od raw materials (HCC and Rubba) used in the manufacture of fine carbon and graphite products. These raw materials differed in the method of preparation including the heating temperature in various stages of mixing and duration of the process. Due to the use in the mixing process liquid binders, significant amounts of tar substances in liquid and solid phase were discharged from the mixers. In the analyzed flue gases was determined total dust content of tar substances, polycyclic …

Ocena Skuteczności Działania Suchego Systemu Oczyszczania Spalin Ze Spalania Odpadów Medycznych Opartego Na Wtrysku Sorbentu Wapniowo-Węglowego, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The research object was a medical waste incineration plant with a capacity of 150 kg per hour equipped with a flue gas treatment system based on dry sorption process using a lime-carbon reagent with adsorbent removing in high-efficiency particulate collector. As the dry sorption agent was used a mixture of high reactive hydrated lime and activated carbon injected to combustion gases by pneumatic feeder. Activated carbon content in the mixture was 5-10 % by mass. Applied collector was ceramic filter with total filtration area of 120 m2 and guaranteed outlet dust concentration under 5 mg/Nm3. Among others things the aims …

Bench-Scale Disinfection Of Bacteria And Viruses With Pulsed Arc Electrohydraulic Discharge, L H. Lee, A J. Arnold, C A. Santillan, M B. Emelko, Sarah E. Dickson, J. -S Chang

Sarah E Dickson

Pulsed arc electrohydraulic discharge (PAED) offers concurrent treatment of chemical and microbial target compounds in water by several mechanisms. Here, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis spore, and MS2 bacteriophage inactivation by PAED were investigated using two bench-scale reactors (0.7 and 3 L). A plasma channel was created between a pair of iron electrodes set 0.5 mm apart in these reactors. Pulsed applied voltage was supplied at approximately 0.3 kJ/pulse (~100 ìsec). In the 0.7-L reactor, median E. coli, B. subtilis, and MS2 reductions of 2.4-, 4.6-, and 3.7-log, respectively, were observed after approximately 80 seconds of treatment in water with a …

Expansion Of The Discontinuous Gas Phase And Its Effect On Mass Flux From A Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (Napl) Pool, Kevin G. Mumford, James E. Smith, Sarah E. Dickson

Sarah E Dickson

The partitioning of non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) compounds to a discontinuous gas phase results in the repeated spontaneous expansion, snap-off, and vertical mobilization of the gas phase. This mechanism has the potential to significantly affect the mass transfer processes that control the dissolution of NAPL pools by increasing the vertical transport of NAPL mass and increasing the total mass transfer rate from the surface of the pool. The extent to which this mechanism affects mass transfer from a NAPL pool depends on the rate of expansion and the mass of NAPL compound in the gas phase. This study used well-controlled …

On The Appropriate “Equivalent Aperture” For The Description Of Solute Transport In Single Fractures: Laboratory-Scale Experiments, Qinghuai Zheng, Sarah E. Dickson, Yiping Guo

Sarah E Dickson

Three distinct definitions of ‘‘equivalent aperture’’ have been used in the literature to describe variable-aperture fractures; however, significant inconsistencies exist in the literature as to which ‘‘equivalent aperture’’ is appropriate for simulating solute transport. In this work, a systematic series of hydraulic and tracer tests was conducted on three laboratory-scale fracture replicas, and the cubic law, mass balance, and frictional loss apertures were calculated. The analytical solution of the one-dimensional advectiondispersion equation was fit to the experimental breakthrough curves. Additionally, one of the experimental aperture fields was measured directly using a light transmission technique. The results clearly demonstrate that the …

Slow Gas Expansion In Saturated Natural Porous Media By Gas Injection And Partitioning With Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids, Kevin G. Mumford, Sarah E. Dickson, James E. Smith

Sarah E Dickson

The partitioning of volatile non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) compounds to a discontinuous gas phase can result in the expansion of that gas phase, and the resulting gas flow can significantly affect the mass transfer from NAPL source zones. This recently reported gas flow generated by the spontaneous expansion of a discontinuous gas phase has not been extensively characterized in the literature. This study measured the expansion rate of a single gas cluster in a 1.1 mm sand above a pool of trans-1,2-dichloroethene (tDCE) in small-scale flow cell experiments. To characterize the gas flow, gas injection experiments in three sizes of …

Spontaneous Expansion And Mobilization Of Gas Above Dnapl, Kevin G. Mumford

Sarah E Dickson

No abstract provided.

Wpływ Dużej Spalarni Odpadów Przemysłowych I Niebezpiecznych Na Jakość Powietrza, Robert Oleniacz, Lidia Rusztowicz

Robert Oleniacz

Waste incineration causes unavoidable pollutant emissions to atmosphere and thus negative impact on air quality, but scale of the influence is often exaggerated. In the paper computation results of the atmospheric dispersion of pollutants were presented for one of the largest industrial and hazardous waste incineration plant existing in Poland (processing capacity: 3 ton per hour). These results confirm the fact that the incinerator meets the requirements of best available techniques (BAT) for the waste incineration and its impact on air quality is relatively small. This effect is caused mainly by proper operation of the rotary kiln incinerator, high efficiency …

Analiza Wpływu Planowanego Zakładu Termicznego Przekształcania Odpadów Komunalnych Na Jakość Powietrza W Krakowie, Robert Oleniacz, Maria Pilch

Robert Oleniacz

Construction of the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) plant is considered optimal in the Programme of Management of Solid Waste in Krakow as well as in proposed scenarios of Municipal Waste Management. Evaluation of impact of the incineration plant with a capacity of 255000 tons per year on air quality in Krakow is presented in this work. The evaluation is based on assumption that air pollutant emissions from the incinerator will be at the highest allowed level resulting from emission limit values for waste incineration plants with operation time each of two planned lines 7500 hours per year. Calculation results …

Multivariate Analysis Of Groundwater And Soil Data From A Waste Disposal Site, Kevin G. Mumford, John F. Macgregor, Sarah E. Dickson, Richard H. Frappa

Sarah E Dickson

Environmental site investigations often involve the collection and analysis of hundreds of samples producing data sets that contain thousands of data points, which are difficult and time consuming to analyze. Consequently, investigators often focus on key surrogate parameters for site characterization and remedial action planning and assessment, which results in a large portion of the data collected remaining unused. This study presents the application of principal component analysis (PCA) as an efficient statistical technique to examine large environmental data sets through highlighting patterns in a reduced-variable space. In this work, PCA was applied to ground water and soil data collected …

Analiza Możliwości Ograniczenia Emisji Zanieczyszczeń Powietrza Z Instalacji Spalania Odpadów Medycznych W Tarnowie, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents initial research of effects of some factors on the amount of gaseous pollutants formation during medical waste incineration in a two-stage starved air fluidised bed reactor. In the research was included the impact of such factors as oxygen contents in flue gases, frequency of waste loading, momentary mass flow of waste and temperature in the secondary combustion chambers. Measurements showed that the waste incineration in large amount periodically caused excessive emissions incomplete combustion products (CO, HC), especially during wrong operation of the combustion system. The work demonstrated that the essential importance for CO and HC formation reducing …

Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Z Procesu Grafityzacji Elektrod Węglowych W Piecach Lwg (Castnera). Cz. 2. Wybrane Substancje Pyłowe, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Przemysław Szczygłowski

Robert Oleniacz

The measurement results of quantity of dust pollutants originated and emitted to air from LWG (Castner) furnaces during graphitisation process of coal electrodes were presented in the paper. The investigation was carried out for total dust, total tar substances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The measurements were performed both before and after the flue gas control system (catalytic burning and wet cleaning). Thus changes of the substance concentrations in the gases for the cleaning system were estimated. As a result of the investigation was conclusion that the graphite process of coal electrodes in LWG stoves is not a significant source …

Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Z Pieca Achesona Do Grafityzacji Wyrobów Drobnych, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Przemysław Szczygłowski

Robert Oleniacz

Research results of the air pollutant emissions from the graphitisation process of fine products in the Acheson electric resistance furnace (discharge capacity 5,5 Mg) were presented in the paper. Research was performed for two kinds of raw material inputs (based on petroleum coke and pitch coke). Approximately 40-hours measurement series were carried out for each material including mainly such substances like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, carbon disulphide, ammonia, benzene, toluene, xylenes, total dust, tar substances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Both average and maximum concentrations and mass streams in the flue gases and average emission factors …

Removal Of Methyl-Tert Butyl Ether From Water By A Pulsed Arc Electrohydraulic Discharge System, Danielle M. Angeloni, Sarah E. Dickson, Monica B. Emelko, J -S Chang

Sarah E Dickson

The removal of methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) from water by a pulsed arc electrohydraulic discharge (PAED) system was investigated experimentally at the laboratory scale. The effects of arc electrode gap, detention time and initial solution pH on the efficacy of MTBE treatment by PAED were investigated. A 0.3 kJ/pulse spark-gap-type power supply was employed in combination with a 3.0 L flow-through reactor. Experimental results showed that: 1) oxidation reactions are induced by this PAED system; 2) removal efficiency increases with increasing cumulative input energy (kW·h/m3 or kJ/L); 3) removal efficiency decreases with increasing arc electrode gap; and 4) initial solution pH …

Pulsed Electrohydraulic Discharge Characteristics In An Eccentric Electrode Cylindrical Reactor With Pbs, A Yamataki, D M. Angeloni, Sarah E. Dickson, Monica B. Emelko, K Yasuoka, J -S Chang

Sarah E Dickson

Pulsed arc electrohydroulic discharge (PAED) has been proposed as a water treatment technology for the removal of chemical and microbial contaminants. In this work, we examined the fundamental characteristics of a PAED system with an eccentric electrode cylindrical reactor. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) water was used in lieu of tap water, because the conductivity of PBS is much higher than that of tap water. The results show that the voltage and current waveforms generated in PBS and tap water are very different due to the higher conductivity of PBS. Strong pressure waves and UV emission were also observed in PBS.

Decision Support System For Rural Water Supply In The Nilgris District Of South India, Daniel Olsen, Sarah E. Dickson, Brian Baetz

Sarah E Dickson

A considerable amount of knowledge exists for planning, designing, and implementing rural water supply schemes in developing countries around the world. Generalized decision support systems (DSSs) are used to tackle the daunting task of providing water in areas that have poor water resources and limited financial capacity. However, there is a lack of site-specific DSSs that utilise local hydrological and socio-economic data for assessing regionally-based rural water supply schemes. In the Nilgiris District of South India, an organizational structure exists for improving local water resources through watershed management projects, but many of the tools used to make informed decisions are …

A Novel Amendment Delivery System, Erica Ryter

Sarah E Dickson

No abstract provided.

Ocena Oddziaływania Mittal Steel Poland S.A. Oddział W Krakowie Na Jakość Powietrza W Aspekcie Likwidacji Strefy Ochronnej, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Przemysław Szczygłowski

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents results of the air quality impact assessment for Mittal Steel Poland S.A. unit in Krakow (Poland). The assessment included all emission sources working in the unit in 2003 as well as emission sources belonging to companies separated from the steelworks in the past. A special attention was taken to comply of air quality standards in area of the protective zone in connection with their planned liquidation by the end of 2005 (the requirement of the new environmental law).

English title: Evaluation of impact of Mittal Steel Poland S.A. unit in Krakow on air quality in connection with …

Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Ze Spalania Odpadów Podestylacyjnych Z Produkcji Witaminy C W Piecu Fluidalnym, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

Some results of continuous or periodical measurements of selected air pollutant concentrations and mass streams in the flue gases from liquid waste incineration in a fluidized bed incinerator were presented in the paper. During the researches distillation tails from vitamin C production, that is waste traces from regeneration such solvents as for example ethylene chloride, chloroform or trichloroethylene were incinerated. As a result of the researches there was determined optimal temperature of the fluidized bad in which the waste incineration should be carried out to minimization of CO and NOx formation. Required effectiveness of HCl removal from combustion gases to …

Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Z Procesu Grafityzacji Elektrod Węglowych W Piecach Lwg (Castnera). Cz. 1. Wybrane Substancje Gazowe, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Przemysław Szczygłowski

Robert Oleniacz

The results of measurements of quantity pollutants originated and emitted to air from LWG (Castner) furnaces were introduced. The investigation was carried out during the graphitisation process of coal electrodes, until moment of end of ventilation the stove across applied installations of cleaning of cool gases (catalytic burning and the wet desulphurization). The measurement results of CO, CO2, HC+H2, SO2, H2S, CS2, NO, NO2, NH3 as well as chosen hydrocarbons (C1-C6) and aromatic hydrocarbons (BTX) were presented. In result of conducted investigations was qualified courses of changeability of concentrations in gases these substances before and for the cleaning system. The …

Emisja Chlorowodoru Ze Spalania Węgla W Kotle Pyłowym, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Przemysław Szczygłowski, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

Emission of hydrogen chloride (HCl) from coal combustion is not controlled just like for example sulpfur dioxide emission. But HCl emission is also important, because chlorine content in some types of coal can reach the similar level to sulfur content. In the paper the measurement results of HCl emission to the air during combustion of three types of coal with law content of chlorine were presented. The researches were carried out for a steam pulverized coal boiler (max. boiler efficiency – 430 t/h) during three various loads (respectively 65, 80 and 95 % of maximum efficiency) without flue gas desulfurization. …

Metoda Oceny Trudności Oczyszczania I Toksyczności Spalin Powstających Podczas Spalania Odpadów, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents a methodology for evaluating the cleaning difficulty and toxicity of combustion gases from waste incineration based on the knowledge of gases composition. This type of evaluation may be applicable to selection or modernization of flue gas cleaning systems for waste incineration plants and to comparative analy-sis of a pollution degree of raw (unclean) combustion gases. In the evaluation of the cleaning difficulty of gases six categories of difficulty have been identified for removal of selected substances or groups of substances. The evaluation is made individually for substances or groups of substances on condition their concentrations in flue …

Emisja Btx Towarzysząca Produkcji Wyrobów Węglowych I Grafitowych, Marian Mazur, Przemysław Szczygłowski, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The work presents results of direct measurements of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes (BTX or BTEX) emissions to the air from technological processes related with carbon and graphite manufacturing. The most important from all mentioned pollutants is benzene considered as one of the main factor of air pollution in the European Union. The highest concentrations of BTX were found in the fumes emitted from the tanks of liquid raw materials, while the highest levels of their emissions were from furnaces used for baking of green electrodes and other carbon products.

English title: BTX emission from production of graphite and …

Emisja Rtęci Z Energetycznego Spalania Węgla, Marian Mazur, Przemysław Szczygłowski, Robert Oleniacz, Janusz Dańko

Robert Oleniacz

In the paper, some results of the measurement of mercury emission from OP-430 boiler working in the Combustion Plant “Kraków S.A.” are presented. The tests were carried out during combustion of various coals and changeable the boiler efficiency. Apart from investigation of mercury emission to the atmosphere (in gaseous and solid phase), total mercury concentration in coal, bottom ash and dust collected in electrostatic precipitators were analysed as well. Thus emission amount could be verified by means of the approximate mercury balance performed for the coal combustion process.

English title: Mercury emission from coal combustion.

Влияние На Окружающую Среду Технологии Непрерывного Литья, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Agnieszka Łopata

Robert Oleniacz

This article presents a complex analysis of the impact of the technology of continuous casting of steel (CCS) on the rate of the air pollutant emissions from one of the Polish steel and iron plants. The emission sources occurring in the production process have been identified and their rate has been determined. The implementation of CCS has brought about significant changes in the production cycle of the steel plant and it also has caused an increase of the production effectiveness of steel products. The calculated environment effects have shown a considerable emission decrease of all pollutants in the scale of …

Likwidacja Strefy Ochronnej Wokół Huty Katowice W Dąbrowie Górniczej, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the history of the creation, management and liquidation of the protective zone around the Katowice Steelworks and Coke "Przyjaźń" (originally belonging to the "Katowice Steelworks") in Dąbrowa Górnicza (Poland). This zone was created in 1978 on the basis of the air quality impact assessment performed for the steelworks on the assumption steel production capacity of 9 million tons/year and planned production of coke at 3.3 million tons/year. These production volumes have never been achieved. In the 80's and 90's of the 20th century were conducted studies and calculations aimed to verify the nuisance of these plants on …

Termiczne Przekształcanie Odpadów Medycznych W Instalacji Fluidalnej Firmy Seghers – Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Gazowych I Możliwości Jej Ograniczenia, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of measurements of concentrations and mass streams of selected components in the flue gases from the thermal treatment of medical waste in the Seghers incinerator based on fluidized bed reactor.

The tests were carried out at the measuring points located both before and after of the flue-gas cleaning system based on the injection of dry hydrated lime and carbon sorbent and a ceramic filter. In this way it was possible to determine the effectiveness of the removal of selected air pollutants in the dry cleaning system. Analysis of the results of measurements made ​​it possible …

Dissolution Of Entrapped Dnapls In Variable Aperture Fractures: Experimental Data And Empirical Model, Sarah E. Dickson, Neil R. Thomson

Sarah E Dickson

An appreciation of the dissolution from entrapped nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in fractures is essential as we attempt to understand and predict the fate of NAPLs present in fractured rock systems. Eight long-term dissolution experiments using 1,1,1-trichloroethane and trichloroethylene were conducted in two laboratory-scale dolomitic limestone variable aperture fractures under various conditions. Between 560 and 2600 fracture volumes of water were passed through the fractures resulting in the removal of 10−60% of the initial mass trapped. The effluent concentration profiles revealed three distinct and characteristic stages of dissolution:  an initial pseudosteady stage, a transient stage, and a tailing stage. On …