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Articles 211 - 240 of 57741
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Interaction Among Harvest Frequency, Fertilizer And Herbicide Use With Intensively Managed Alfalfa In The North-Central Usa, O B. Hesterman, J J. Kells, P L. Tiffin
Interaction Among Harvest Frequency, Fertilizer And Herbicide Use With Intensively Managed Alfalfa In The North-Central Usa, O B. Hesterman, J J. Kells, P L. Tiffin
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
This research evaluated effects of 2 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L,) cultivars (winter hardy and moderately winter hardy), 3 levels of fertiliser (none, medium, high), 3 levels of herbicide (none, medium, high), and 2 harvest systems ( 4 harvests and 5 harvests per year) on forage yield and quality, Five years (1987-1991) of an experiment in Michigan, USA, have been completed. During the first production year (1988). forage dry matter (DM) production was similar for the 5-harvest (15.2 Mg/ha) and the 4-harvest system (14.8 Mg/ha), During subsequent years, DM production was greater in the 4-harvest than in the 5-harvest system …
Seasonal Changes Of Daily Increase In Extended Sward Height, Dry Matter, Bulk Densities And Digestible Dry Matter Of Temperature Grasses, K Watanabe, K Kita, S Saiga
Seasonal Changes Of Daily Increase In Extended Sward Height, Dry Matter, Bulk Densities And Digestible Dry Matter Of Temperature Grasses, K Watanabe, K Kita, S Saiga
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Under a regime of frequent cutting, seasonal changes of the daily increase in extended sward height, dry matter (OM) bulk densities and digestible dry matter (DOM) of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) were followed for 5 years. Seasonal changes of the daily increase in extended sward height, DM bulk densities (daily increase in OM/daily increase in extended sward height) and DOM (daily increase in DOM/daily increase in extended sward height) of the grasses had 3 peaks and 2 troughs, as the height and densities were depressed …
Effects Of Applied Nitrogen And Rest Period On Forage Production And Silage Quality, L Juan Carlos Dumont, A Francisco Lanuza
Effects Of Applied Nitrogen And Rest Period On Forage Production And Silage Quality, L Juan Carlos Dumont, A Francisco Lanuza
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
An experiment to analyse the effect of nitrogen (N) fertiliser and rest period initiation for silage making on permanent pasture was carried out. N fertiliser increased forage production, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and ammonia-N. Shortening the intervals, by delaying the initiation of resting period, increased forage quality with only marginal decreases in dry matter (DM) production. Resting periods from the second week of September and cutting at the end of October or first week of November was appropriate in the Osorno area of Chile. The use of 60 kg N/ha is recommended. Two-cutting system must be considered in order …
Long-Term Management Of Vulpia In Pastures, A R. Leys, P M. Dowling, B Plater, M I. Smetham
Long-Term Management Of Vulpia In Pastures, A R. Leys, P M. Dowling, B Plater, M I. Smetham
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Vulpia (Vulpia spp.) is a common weed of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)-based pastures throughout southern Australia, where it reduces productivity, contaminate's wool and injures livestock. Winter-cleaning pastures with simazine, and to a lesser extent spraying paraquat in spring to sterilise seed, gives good short-term control; however, vulpia produces large amounts of seed and can re-invade even dense subterraneum clover pastures. Reinvasion is least in pastures containing a companion grass. An integrated management system utilising grass in mixture with subterranean clover, livestock and the judicious use of herbicides, will be required to keep the vulpia content of pastures …
Vertical Distribution Of Botanical Components In Four Pastures Mixtures Grazed Solely By Goats, M J. Casey, R J. Lucas, D R. Stevens
Vertical Distribution Of Botanical Components In Four Pastures Mixtures Grazed Solely By Goats, M J. Casey, R J. Lucas, D R. Stevens
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Four different grasses (perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and timothy (Phelum pratense L.)) sown with white clover (Trifolium perenne L.) were evaluated under rotational goat grazing lo 10 cm in a cool temperate environment. Detailed measurements of the composition of vertical sward horizons, In spring, summer and autumn, showed significant differences in sward structure between pasture miX:tures. Prairie grass and cocksfoot swards were the tallest (>25 cm) in spring with the top of the sward dominated by grass leaf. The prairie grass sward was also taller …
The Ecosystem Of A Remarkable Glaciovolcanic Cave At Mount Meager, British Columbia, Canada, Christian Stenner, Kathleen Graham, Morgan Cable, Glyn Williams-Jones, Jared J. Clance, Jacob Shaffer, Jill Mikucki, Anna Szynkiewicz, Olivia Vinnes, Michael Paton, Jeremy Nash
The Ecosystem Of A Remarkable Glaciovolcanic Cave At Mount Meager, British Columbia, Canada, Christian Stenner, Kathleen Graham, Morgan Cable, Glyn Williams-Jones, Jared J. Clance, Jacob Shaffer, Jill Mikucki, Anna Szynkiewicz, Olivia Vinnes, Michael Paton, Jeremy Nash
FRONTIERS UNBOUND: Exploring Extreme Environments
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Grazing Management On Grass Tiller Density Characteristics Of Ryegrass-White Clover Dairy Pasture, E R. Thom, A M. Bryant
Effects Of Grazing Management On Grass Tiller Density Characteristics Of Ryegrass-White Clover Dairy Pasture, E R. Thom, A M. Bryant
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The characteristics of pastures receiving different systems of grazing management during September-May were examined over 3 years from September 1989. Three farmlets (each 10 0.8-ha areas) represented (i) rotational grazing every 30 days (September-May) (RG), (ii) fast rotations during spring (September-November) (SFR) and (iii) fast rotations during spring, summer and autumn (SeptemberMay) (SSFR). Pastures were predominantly perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trlfolium repens L.) grazed by dairy cows. Large increases in grass tiller density occurred in SFR and SSFR areas after the first year compared with the rotationally grazed pastures, which have been maintained throughout …
Nitrogen Effects Of Barnyard Manure Applied On Andosol Grasslands In Eastern Hokkaido, T Saigusa, M Noshiro
Nitrogen Effects Of Barnyard Manure Applied On Andosol Grasslands In Eastern Hokkaido, T Saigusa, M Noshiro
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Annual changes in the nitrogen (N) effects of barnyard manure (BM) were estimated on grassland of eastern Hokkaido, Japan. In pure' timothy (Phleum pratense L.) grasslands, they were as follows: in the first year after renovation, BM, when ploughed under, supplied an estimated 1 kg Nit manure; this value decreased to 0.5 kg Nit, and 0.3 kg Nit in the second and third year, respectively. When topdressed, BM supplied an estimated 1 kg Nit in the first year, and 0.5 kg Nit in the second year. In timothy-legume mixture, the amount of N supplied by BM to pure timothy …
Growth Kinetics Of Digitaria Decumbens After Defoliation By Cattle At Two Grazing Pressures, M Naves, P Cruz, A Malafosse, J P. Manteaux
Growth Kinetics Of Digitaria Decumbens After Defoliation By Cattle At Two Grazing Pressures, M Naves, P Cruz, A Malafosse, J P. Manteaux
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Two regrowth cycles of an intensively managed Digitaria decumbens stand were studied. One followed high-stocked grazing by cows and their calves, and the other followed regrowth grazing by cows only. after weaning: Biomass, morphological composition, leaf area index and nitrogen were measured on 7 occasions between days O and 27 of growth. Residual biomass after the low grazing pressure (2403 kg DM/ha) was 4 times higher than after the high grazing pressure (633 kg DM/ha), mainly because more stems remained at the low grazing pressure (1220 kg DM/ha vs. 230 kg DM/ha). At both grazing pressures, growth of leaf and …
Productivity And Persistency Of Bromus Wildenowii Kunth Cv. Grasslands Matua In Japan, T Kanno, M Fukuyama, S Sato
Productivity And Persistency Of Bromus Wildenowii Kunth Cv. Grasslands Matua In Japan, T Kanno, M Fukuyama, S Sato
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The study was conducted to evaluate herbage productivity, persistency and suitable management of prairie grass (Bromus willdenowll Kunth cv. Grasslands Matua) in Japan. Dry matter (DM) yields of S temperate grasses including prairie grass were compared. Pield plots were cut every month for 3 years. Annual DM yield of prairie grass was the highest in each year, but prairie grass was less persistent than the remaining grasses. In a grazing experiment, however, 1he seedlings of prairie grass appeared in flushes in autumn, and these ensured the persistency of prairie grass pasture, Under a forage conservation plus grazing regime, …
Forage Quality And Steer Performance On Tifton 78 And Coastal Bermudagrass Pastures, G M. Hill, G W. Burton, P R. Utley
Forage Quality And Steer Performance On Tifton 78 And Coastal Bermudagrass Pastures, G M. Hill, G W. Burton, P R. Utley
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
orage quality and weight gains were measured during a 3-year experimenl in which yearling sleers grazed replicated 0.81-ha paslures of Tiflon 78 (T), a Tiflon 44 x Callie Fl hybrid, or Coastal (C) bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.) Pers.). During 168-day grazing seasons, stocking rales were Increased as forage availability increased in spring and early summer resulting in mean slocking rales of 5.0 and 7.3 steers/ha, respectively, for C and T. Pastures were sampled al 28-day inlervals and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) of available forage declined (P<0.01) for each bermudagrass with time, but seasonal mean IVDMD was higher (P<0.05) for T than C (T=57.4, C=56.5%). Steer average daily gains (ADO) were 15% higher (P<0.05) on T than on C pastures (C=0.59, T-0.68 kg), and gain/ha was 38.1%higher (P<0.01) for T than C (C=7l3, T=985 kg/ha). Superiority of Tifton 78 compared with Coastal has been verified in additional grazing experiments.
Use Of Irrigated Lucerne At Different Growth Stages. I. Evaluation Under Cutting, Patrucio O. Soto, E B. Jahn
Use Of Irrigated Lucerne At Different Growth Stages. I. Evaluation Under Cutting, Patrucio O. Soto, E B. Jahn
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Lucerne (Medicago sativa) cv. Huinca with medium winter dormancy was used to evaluate different cutting sequences. Treatments were: prebud (PB), bud (B), 10% flower (lOPP), SO% 0ower (SOPP) and combinations of these, giving 12 treatments in total. Lucerne was 3 years old at the beginning of the trial. A complete block design with 4 replicates and 2 x 6 m plots was used. Cuts were made at a height of SO mm. During the S seasons the cutting sequence B-I0PP had the highest yields (lS-19 t DM/ha) and was significantly higher (P<0.0S) than always cutting at B stage. B-IOPP was similar (P<0.0S) to I0PF, Plant density decreased from 65 to 25 plants/m1 for treatments cut at B. Percentage crude protein varied from IS.3 to 20.4% and acid detergent fibre ranged from 34.8 to 40.5%.
Pasture Productivity Of Different Species Evaluated Under Grazing In The Central Valley Of Chile, Patricio Soto, E Jahn, H Acuna, C Ovalle
Pasture Productivity Of Different Species Evaluated Under Grazing In The Central Valley Of Chile, Patricio Soto, E Jahn, H Acuna, C Ovalle
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Seven irrigated mixtures growing on volcanic ash soil were evaluated during 8 years. Five mixtures of white clover (Trifolium repens) (WC) with: ( I) ryegrass (Lolium perenne) (WC-R), (2) fescue (Festuca arundinacea) (WC-F), (3) orchardgrass (Dacrylis glomerara) (WCO), (4) orchardgrass-ryegrass (WC-O-R), (S) red clover-ryegrass (Trifolilun pratense) (WC-RC-R), (6) lucerne alone (Medicago saliva) (L), and lucerne-orchardgrass (L-0). Plots were 300 m2 in a complete block design with 3 replicates, grazed individually according to growth at 1S0-200 mm height for treatments with WC and 10% bloom for L. Pasture availability and ungrazed …
Change In Botanical Composition, Dry Matter Yield And Forage Quality Of Grassland After Five Seasons Of Extensification, W Kuhbauch, J Schellberg
Change In Botanical Composition, Dry Matter Yield And Forage Quality Of Grassland After Five Seasons Of Extensification, W Kuhbauch, J Schellberg
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Extensification of grassland management in Germany has 2 major objectives (I) to reduce the surplus of crop and animal products, and (2) to diminish unwanted side effects against the environment from intensive production systems. Some of the programmes on offer require a reduced number of cuttings and grazings per season, including a very late first cut of the sward and a reduction of nitrogen fertiliser. In a 5-yenr experiment at the grassland research station Rengen, Eifel-mountain-range, Germany, extensification of this type on productive grassland sites created an unbalanced botanical composition and, with nitrogen applied, a major portion of quackgrass in …
Initial Growth And Herbage Quality Trends For Leaves And Stems Of Two Forage Sorghums, A G. Matches, T P. Karnezos, J W. Keeling
Initial Growth And Herbage Quality Trends For Leaves And Stems Of Two Forage Sorghums, A G. Matches, T P. Karnezos, J W. Keeling
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Forage sorghums (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) are commonly grown on the southern Great Plains of the USA as pasture, hay or emergency feed. Grazing and harvesting schedules generally span a wide range of plant maturities, Therefore, we measured at weekly intervals (from 32 to 96 days after planting) the herbage yield and quality of leaves and stems for Trudan 8 (hybrid sudangrass) and Funk-G 1990 (FG- 1990) (hybrid forage sorghum), Replicated plantings were grown under irrigation at Lubbock, Texas in 1990 and 1991. Trudan 8 generally had a lower propo1tion of leaves, leaf yield/plant, digestibility and crude protein levels …
Effects Of Nitrogen And Potassium Fertilizers On Forage Yield And Quality Of Dwarf Napiergrass, F H. Hsu, K Y. Hong
Effects Of Nitrogen And Potassium Fertilizers On Forage Yield And Quality Of Dwarf Napiergrass, F H. Hsu, K Y. Hong
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The experiment was conducted to determine effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilisers on forage yield and quality of dwarf napiergrass (Pennisteum purpuretum). Four levels of N (460, 690, 920 and 1150 kg/ha), and 4 levels of K2O (150, 300, 450 and 600 kg/ha), and 1 level of P2O5 (144 kg/ha), were applied. Forage yield, leaf area per tiller, leaf elongation rate and forage quality of dwarf napiergrass were increased when N level applied was increased. Leaf growth, tiller number and forage yield were not affected by K applied. However, Ca and Mg contents in plant were reduced and …
Hadean Recipes, Stephen Mojzsis
Hadean Recipes, Stephen Mojzsis
FRONTIERS UNBOUND: Exploring Extreme Environments
No abstract provided.
Effect Of Stocking Rate On Rhodes Grass-Stylo Pasture In The Northern Guinea Savanna Zone Of Nigeria 1. Herbage Yield, O S. Onifade, I F. Adu, J O. Akinola
Effect Of Stocking Rate On Rhodes Grass-Stylo Pasture In The Northern Guinea Savanna Zone Of Nigeria 1. Herbage Yield, O S. Onifade, I F. Adu, J O. Akinola
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The potential herbage production of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana cv. Callide)•stylo (Stylosanthes gulanensis cv. Cook) pasture was assessed during S (late wet to dry season) periods at Shika, Nigeria. The pasture received 200 kg N and 30 kg P/ha during the first (198S- 1986) and fifth (1989-1990) grazing periods (GP). Some P only was applied in other periods. The stocking rates (SR) were 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 Yankasa sheep/ha while the duration of grazing varied from 1S4 to 210 days. Sty lo, with production below 1.0 Vha, was eliminated in the first year of utilisation, …
Efficiency Of Different Implements For Pasture Interseeding, J A. Josifovich
Efficiency Of Different Implements For Pasture Interseeding, J A. Josifovich
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Pasture renovation with grasses and legumes appears to be a good practice to increase primary and secondary production. Trials were planted in 6 locations in Buenos Aires province, Argentina, 2 in Pergamino and 4 200 and 300 km south east of Pergamino, to evaluate 3 different implement combinations: a) rigid chisel coulter, b) spring tooth heavy duty coulter, with teeth 30 cm apart followed by spring tooth cultivators, and c) spring tooth heavy duty coulter 30 cm used twice in the same direction. The species sown were: fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), brome (Bromus uniolides H.B.K.), chicory (Cichoriu, intybus …
Effect Of Artificial Drought On Sward Tiller Density In Lolium And Festuca, Y Gao, D Wilman
Effect Of Artificial Drought On Sward Tiller Density In Lolium And Festuca, Y Gao, D Wilman
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Eight grasses, grown in field swards, were compared in four replicates on each of two adjacent sites. One site received normal rainfall; the other site was protected from rain by plot covers of clear polythene from June 1990 (the year after sowing) to October 1991. All plots were cut every 5 weeks from March to October. The numbers of tillers of the sown species per 0.1 m2 were recorded on all plots four times in the period September- December 1990 and four times in the period March-October 1991. The drought conditions created by the covers reduced the numbers of tillers …
Influence Of Spring Grazing Management On Summer Autumn Production Of Dairy Pastures, S C. Da Silva, C Matthew, P.N P. Matthews, J Hodgson
Influence Of Spring Grazing Management On Summer Autumn Production Of Dairy Pastures, S C. Da Silva, C Matthew, P.N P. Matthews, J Hodgson
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Three grazing treatments were allocated at random within e11ch of five 2.6 ha paddocks of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pasture. The treatments involved variation i'n the timing and degree of control of ryegrass reproductive growlh in two successive pasture growth seasons (1990-91 and 1991- 92). In 1990-91, swards in which reproductive growth was controlled at anthesis (20 November; LHC) produced 4330 kg OM/ha between 18 December and 11 April, compared with 3980 kg DM/ha for swards controlled on 18 December (VLHC) and 3210 kg OM/ha for swards controlled on 9 October …
Pasture Composition, As Affected By Grazing Management, And Its Effects On Milk Production By Grazing Dairy Cows, C W. Holmes, C J. Hoogendoorn, V R. Rugambwa, M P. Ryan, A.C P. Chu
Pasture Composition, As Affected By Grazing Management, And Its Effects On Milk Production By Grazing Dairy Cows, C W. Holmes, C J. Hoogendoorn, V R. Rugambwa, M P. Ryan, A.C P. Chu
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Prcgrazing herbage mass was controlled al higher or lower levels by grazing management (intensity or frequency). Three of the experiments used ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) swards, while the fourth included Grasslands Matua prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth.) and white clover swards. The high mass swards generally contained higher proportions of dead matter and stem, and the herbage from these swards was always less digestible. When offered a common daily herbage allowance, cows grazing on the high mass swards produced less milk than those on the low mass swards. The data suggest …
Defoliation Of Grass (Cut Or Grazed) And Its Effect On Forage Quantity, H C. Hughes
Defoliation Of Grass (Cut Or Grazed) And Its Effect On Forage Quantity, H C. Hughes
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
All grassland farmers should try to optimise their grassland output during the growing season. Grassland farmers would improve their production results if they paid more attention to plant defoliation processes. Careful management of the grass ley will increase outputs by more than one third, without needing further inputs. Most grassland farmers need to have this improvement with no additional cost, especially in the present world economy.
Role Of Mixed Animal Type Grazing In Range Preservation And Increasing Animal Product Output, T Nolan, J Connolly, C Sall
Role Of Mixed Animal Type Grazing In Range Preservation And Increasing Animal Product Output, T Nolan, J Connolly, C Sall
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
fhe work was part of a research programme to a) evaluate the role of mixed animal type grazing in increasing production, b) explain any; benefits obtained and c) develop improved whole grazing ecosystems in temperate and semi-arid areas. Its specific ai was to improve domestic food production from range grazing livestock and to preserve or improve native range resources. This paper discusses some recent results from the Senegalese Sahel related to· animal preferential and differential selection, animal performance and the role of mixed grazing in improving the relationships between them to secure the objectives stated. The use of these results …
Pasture Botanical Changes And Steer Gains On Continuously Stocked Hay-Type And Grazing-Tolerant Lucerne Cultivars At Three Grazing Pressures, Carl S. Hoveland, M A. Mccann, J H. Bouton, N S. Hill
Pasture Botanical Changes And Steer Gains On Continuously Stocked Hay-Type And Grazing-Tolerant Lucerne Cultivars At Three Grazing Pressures, Carl S. Hoveland, M A. Mccann, J H. Bouton, N S. Hill
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Alfagraze (grazing-tolerant) and Apollo (hay-type) lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars were stocked continuously with beef steers at 3 grazing pressures (GP) for 3 years In central Georgia, USA. Lucerne stands declined at the highest GP, Apollo stand density being only 23% of that of Alfagraze in grass-free areas at the end of 3 years. Rapid encroachment by volunteer bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers,) at high GP resulted in greater stand loss in Apollo than Alfagraze. Steer average daily'gain on both cultivars declined from 0.95 kg at low GP to 0.76 kg at medium GP with a further …
Effect Of Grass-White Clover Mixtures On Steer Performance And Sward Characteristics In Atlantic Canada, H T. Kunelius, P Narasimhalu
Effect Of Grass-White Clover Mixtures On Steer Performance And Sward Characteristics In Atlantic Canada, H T. Kunelius, P Narasimhalu
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Pasture production in winter cold regions such as Atlantic Canada is limited by the availability of winter hardy and productive grass and legume species, Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), meadow fescue (Festuca prarensis Huds.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) grown in binary mixtures with white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and naturalised pasture consisting of Poa spp., Agrostis spp. and white clover, were compared under grazing, Steers were used to graze the swards from 16-26 cm down to 8 or 11 cm post-grazing surface heights, Dry matter intake was higher for natural pasture than for sown pastures, …
Range Management: Optimizing Forage Production And Qualityy, J E. Danckwerts, N M. Tainton
Range Management: Optimizing Forage Production And Qualityy, J E. Danckwerts, N M. Tainton
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Range management involves optimising forage production and quality, both in the short term and in the long term. In the short term, temporal climatic variability, stocking rate, grazing system, fire, animal type. and spatial variability, inter alia, strongly, influence forage production and quality. On the other hand, long-term optimisation requires prevention of range deterioration. The nature of this process seems to be profoundly different between humid and arid rangelands, at least in tropical and subtropical zones. In the former, changes are relatively predictable, overgrazing resulting in gradual deterioration. In the latter, change is event driven, providing the grazier with …
An Ecological Approach To Forage Management, J L. Brock, R.J M. Hay
An Ecological Approach To Forage Management, J L. Brock, R.J M. Hay
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The principles of defoliation management for maximum production of quality herbage are well researched, namely the manipulation of frequency and severity of defoliation, but their impact on the various levels of ecological organisation in pastures is nol fully understood or their interpretation appreciated. Using grazed ryegrass-white clover pasture as; example, detailed sward studies have suggested the following model. Defoliation frequency and severity interact lo produce varying levels of physiological stress and morphological adaptation which affecl the survival rate and size of individual growth units, the lowest level of organisation. Increasing frequency of defoliation reduces organ size but increases survival rate …
Land Use In Non-Affluent Countries As Determined By Social Infrastructure And Population Patterns, Bore Motsamai
Land Use In Non-Affluent Countries As Determined By Social Infrastructure And Population Patterns, Bore Motsamai
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Tenure of land in most developing countries is predominantly communal, with a mixture of introduced systems of individual ownership. Since nations attained independence structural- changes have been made in order to introduce land reform. Countries are caught up in a dilemma of having to provide social justice and greater equity through land reform, but face increasing population and landlessness. For example, Lesotho's landless rural people increased from 7.2% in 1950 to 38.5% in 1987, and 17.2% are without land and livestock. Employment opportunities fall short of satisfying the labour mBrket. With limited land resources and high population pressure, rational and …
The Future Of Sustainable Agriculture In The United States, Dennis R. Keeney
The Future Of Sustainable Agriculture In The United States, Dennis R. Keeney
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
In the United States, sustainable agriculture remains complicated and controversial as a concept, particularly to define and apply in terms of practices and policies to achieve sustainability. Many consider current agricultural practices to be sustainable in the near term with regard to the dependable, affordable supply of food and fibre, but unsustainable in terms of environmental quality and social costs. Production agriculture hos been linked to soil erosion and water pollution, and the emphasis on efficiency has contributed to the loss of many farmers and increasing instability in rural communities. Many of agriculture's dilemmas can be linked to policies of …