Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Modeling Sediment Transport In The York River : Final Report, Jerome P.-Y. Maa

Reports

Numerical simulation on the formation of an Estuarine Turbidity Maximum (ETM) is a difficult task because of the incomplete knowledge on cohesive sediment transport. For example, it is difficult to well simulate the erosion process when the bed erosion properties are only poorly known. It is also hard to simulate the settling process when the bulk density and size of suspended sediment flocs are changing with the ambient environments.

Despite of the difficulties, some processes can be parametricalized, even not perfectly, to make the simulation results close to observed. In this project, we demonstrated the possibility of using a constant …

The Chesapeake Bay : A Synopsis, William J. Hargis Jr.

Reports

No abstract provided.

Supplemental Data: Effects Of Physical Mixing On The Attenuation Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Estuarine Sediments., Krisa M. Arzayus, Rebecca M. Dickhut, Elizabeth A. Canuel

Reports

To examine the role of physical disturbance on the long-term preservation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments, cores were collected from two sites removed from point sources of PAHs and representing contrasting seabed mixing regimes. Although SPAH concentrations in sediments over the past 50 years were not significantly different between the two sites, several PAH isomer ratios were significantly different (p

Environmental Survey Of Potential Sand Resource Sites, Offshore Delaware And Maryland : Final Report, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

• Technical summary / Carl H. Hobbs
• Non-technical summary / Carl H. Hobbs
• Part. 1. Benthic mapping and resource evaluation of potential sand mining areas, offshore Mayland and Delaware, 1998-1999 / G.R. Cutter and R.J. Diaz
• Part. 2. Transitory species (vertebrate nekton) / John A. Musick
• Part. 3. Literature survey of reproductive finfish and ichthyoplankton present in proposed sand mining locations within the Middle Atlantic Bight / John Olney, Donna Marie Bilkovic
• Part. 4. Potential modifications to waves due to dredging and other oceanographic considerations / Jerome P.-Y. Maa, Sung C. Kim
• Part. 5. Maryland-Delaware shoreline : long-term trends and short-term …

Investigations Of Offshore Beach Sands : Virginia Beach And Sandbridge, Virginia, C. S. Hardaway, C. H. Hobbs Iii, D. A. Milligan

Reports

The City of Virginia Beach is faced with an ongoing problem of erosion along its ocean beaches. The "Resort Strip," the backbone of beach-going tourism in the Commonwealth, must be renourished annually. Steel bulkheads or seawalls have been constructed along most of the 7 km (4.5 mile) ocean shoreline of Sandbridge, a semi-private, ocean-side community. The City is looking for beach material to reestablish its sandy coast. Maintaining a protective and recreational beach is the_primary goal in both locales.

Previous sources of sand for the "Resort Strip" have been upland borrow pits that either have closed or are located too …

Laser In-Situ Scattering And Transmissometer (Lisst) Observations In Support Of The Sensor Insertion System Duck, Nc October, 1997, Grace M. Massey, Carl T. Friedrichs

Reports

The objective of this portion of the study was to collect LIS ST time series at times corresponding to collection of pumped samples of suspended sediment across the width of the surf zone during a major field experiment called SandyDuck '97. The pumped samples were analyzed for total percent sand (>60 micron), total percent mud (0.8 - 60 micron), organic content and sand size distribution. The LISST measures the particle size distribution from 5-500 microns. The purpose was to provide a high quality data set of pumped samples with which to later test the sensitivity of indirect measurements of …

Data Report: Pump Sampling And Sediment Analysis In Support Of The Sensor Insertion System Duck, N.C. April And October, 1997, Grace M. Massey, Carl T. Friiedrichs, Amo De Kruif, Daan C. Rijks

Reports

The objectives of this study were to (i) construct a pumping system, (ii) operate the system and collect samples of suspended sediment across the width of the surf zone during two major field experiments planned for the SIS in 1997, and (iii) analyze the resulting samples for sand concentration, sand size distribution, total percent sand, total percent mud, and organic content. The purpose was to provide a high quality data set of pump samples with which to later test the sensitivity of indirect measurements of suspended sand concentration to the presence of suspended mud. The response of OBSs is known …

Sediments And Shallow Stratigraphy Of A Portion Of The Continental Shelf Of Southeastern Virginia, Carl H. Hobbs Iii

Reports

A network of high-resolution, seismic-reflection profiles and grab samples of the surficial sediments of the inner continental shelf of southeastern Virginia demonstrate that the Quaternary geology of the region is more complex than indicated by earlier studies. The spatial variability of the surficial sediments depicts active processes, such as outflow from Chesapeake Bay, as well as the underlying geology in outcrops of finer grained sediments near False Cape.

The complexity of the Quaternary geology results from large and small scale fluctuations in sea level. Individual, relatively large-scale, seismostratigraphic units are separated by erosional surfaces formed during the major changes in …

Geological And Geophysical Character Of The East China And Yellow Seas, John D. Milliman, Nicole D. Scott

Reports

The East China and Yellow seas represent one of the broadest shallow seas in the global ocean, with water depths generally less than 80 m and stretching nearly 750 km from the Shandong Peninsula to the Okinawa Trough (Fig. 1). This area is also unique in terms of the vast amount of sediment it receives from the Huanghe (Yellow River; presently discharging in the adjacent Gulf of Bohai) and the Changjigang (Yangtze River, which flows into the East China Sea). Together, this region receives about ten percent of the river-derived sediment reaching the ocean, and as such, the region has …

Yellow Sea & East China Sea Bibliography, Nicole D. Scott, Patricia T. Carrier, John D. Milliman

Reports

No abstract provided.

Public Beach Assessment Report Gloucester Point Public Beach, Gloucester County, Virginia, Donna A. Milligan, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., George R. Thomas

Reports

Gloucester Point Public Beach is located at the southern end of Gloucester County, Virginia on the York River. It is a southeastward facing shoreline about 960 ft long and it is part of a larger stretch of moderately low shore between Sarah Creek and the George P. Coleman Bridge. While no shoreline improvement projects have taken place at the public beach, shore protection projects updrift and including the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) affect it. In 1983, erosion along the shoreline at VIMS just updrift of the public beach led to the installation of a riprap revetment in front …

Investigations Of Isolated Sand Shoals And Associated Deposits, Virginia Inner Shelf : Final Contract Report Primarily In The Form Of A Data Report, C. H. Hobbs Iii

Reports

This report primarily serves to present minimally interpreted data from a tight spaced set of high-resolution, seismic-reflection, sub-bottom profiles obtained during the summer of 1992. The profiles were run in the inner continental shelf adjacent to Virginia Beach, Virginia as part of an investigation of offshore sounds potentially usable in beach nourishment and hurricane protection projects along Virginia's Atlantic shore south of the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. Figure 1 depicts the general study area.

Berquist and Gomillion (1993) presented an interpretation of a small portion of the work. A larger, interpretive report (Hardaway et al., 1995) also utilizes information from …

Lipid Biomarker Composition Of Particulate Organic Matter In The Lower Chesapeake Bay : A Final Data Report, Elizabeth Canuel, Andrew Zimmerman, Shannon Burcham

Reports

In this report we present results from a sampling program designed to characterize the abundance, sources, and composition of particulate organic matter (POM) in the lower Chesapeake Bay. To meet these objectives, we used measurements of bulk parameters (total suspended solids, chlorophylls, particulate carbon and nitrogen concentrations) combined with information on the concentration of two classes of lipid biomarker compounds (fatty acids and sterols). In addition to providing baseline information on the sources and composition of POM important to the lower Bay, the study addressed spatial and temporal variations in organic matter quality. This was accomplished using an experimental design …

A Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic-Eutrophication Model (Hem-3d) : Description Of Water Quality And Sediment Process Submodels, Kyeong Park, Albert Y. Kuo, Jian Shen, John M. Hamrick

Reports

Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) has been developing a general purpose three-dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport model, Environmental Fluid Dynamics Computer Code (EFDC; Hamrick 1992). The real-time model simulates density and topographically-induced circulation as well as tidal and wind-driven flows, and spatial and temporal distributions of salinity, temperature and sediment concentration. The model also is capable of handling the wetting and drying of shallow area, hydraulic control structures, vegetation resistance for wetlands and Lagrangian particle tracking. The information of physical transport processes, both advective and diffusive, simulated by the hydrodynamic model can be used to account for the transport …

Virginia Beach Offshore Sediment Study, C. R. Berquist Jr., Naomi Gomillion

Reports

This investigation was initiated from discussions among members of the Minerals Management Service-Virginia Task Force in an effort to locate a nearby and offshore source of beach-quality sand for the resort strip at Virginia Beach. Because of the increasing difficulty of relying upon land-based material, attention has been focused on investigating offshore sources. Previous work (Kimball and others, 1991) suggests an offshore deposit of beach-quality sands is located on a shoal between 3 and 8 km east of Sandbridge. Planned vibracoring on this shoal during the fall of 1993 should establish the viability of the sand occurrence. Although material from …

Sediment Characterization Of South Atlantic Systems, Maynard M. Nichols

Reports

The estuarine systems selected are from the NOAA National Estuarine Inventory in the EMAP Virginian Province (Figure 1). The principal spatial unit of each system is the estuarine drainage area (EDA) defined in the NEI data atlas (U.S. NOAA, 1985). The sediment and contaminant distributions embrace the estuarine bottom area, i.e. from the head of tides to the mouth where the estuary meets the ocean, bay or sound as determined by physiographic features (U.S. NOAA, 1985). Data coverage embraces whole estuaries and farfield distributions. Chart scales are smaller than 1:80,000 andchart units larger thaqn 0.1 square kilometer.

Sediment Characterization Of Southern New England Systems, The Hudson And Delaware Estuaries, Virginian Province, Maynard M. Nichols, Caroline Brouwer-Riel, Et Al

Reports

The estuarine systems selected are from the NOAA National Estuarine Inventory in the EMAP Virginian Province (Figure 1). The principal spatial unit of each system is the estuarine drainage area (EDA) defined in the NEI data atlas (U.S. NOAA, 1985). The sediment and contaminant distributions embrace the estuarine bottom area, i.e. from the head of tides to the mouth where the estuary meets the ocean, bay or sound as determined by physiographic features (U.S. NOAA, 1985). Data coverage embraces whole estuaries and farfield distributions. Chart scales are smaller than 1:80,000 and the minimum mappable unit is 1.0 km2 or larger …

Sediment Characterization Of North Atlantic Systems, New England, Maynard M. Nichols, Caroline Brouwer-Riel

Reports

The estuarine systems selected are from the NOAA National Estuarine Inventory in the North Atlantic region (Figure 1). The principal spatial unit of each system is the estuarine drainage area (EDA) defined in the NEI data atlas (U.S. NOAA, 1985). The sediment distributions embrace the estuarine bottom area, i.e. from the head of tides to the mouth where the estuary meets the ocean, bay or sound as determined by physiographic features (U.S. NOAA, 1985). Data coverage embraces whole estuaries and far-field distributions. Chart scales are smaller than 1:80,000 and chart units larger than 0.06 square kilometer.

Sediment Inventory And Characterization Summary For The Desk-Top Information System (Compas), Maynard M. Nichols, Caroline Brouwer-Riel, Et Al

Reports

In this report sediment maps are compiled together with basic data on the morphology and hydrology as well as sediment sources, pathways and sinks for 21 estuarine systems In the Virginia Province (Figure 1). Additionally, It provides a processoriented characterization summary. Supportive details, documentation and references are provided In companion characterization reports.

Sediment Characterization Of Coastal Lagoons And Bays, Mid-Atlantic Region, Maynard N. Nichols, C. M. Brouwer-Riel

Reports

Sediment characterizations for the following lagoons and bays:

• Great South Bay
• Barnegat Bay
• New Jersey Inland Bays, Great Sound
• Delaware Inland Bays
• Chincoteague Bay

Sediment Characterization Of Chesaapeake Bay And Its Tributaries, Maynard M. Nichols, S. C. Kim, C. M. Brouwer

Reports

Sediment characterizations for the following estuaries and rivers:

• Chesapeake Bay
• Potomac River
• Rappahannock River
• York River
• James River
• Chester River
• Choptank River

Investigation Of Isolated Sand Shoals On The Inner Shelf Of Southern Virginia : Final Report, Suzette M. Kimball, James K. Dame, Carl H. Hobbs Iii

Reports

Offshore of Sandbridge Beach, Virginia, the surface of the inner continental shelf is a generally featureless, gently sloping plain, broken by several isolated sand shoals. The westernmost shoal, commonly called the Sandbridge Shoal, is located approximately 5.5 km from the shoreline in 1 O - 12 m of water. An analogous feature is located approximately 15 km northeast of the Sandbridge Shoal at depths greater than 15 m. During a pretiminary study conducted in 1987, 534 km of trackline were surveyed with acoustic subbottom and side-scan sonar systems. Geophysical data were recorded for an additional 318 km of trackline between …

Pliocene And Pleistocene Depositional Environments On The York-James Peninsula, Virginia; A Field Guidebook, Gerald H. Johnson, Carl H. Hobbs Iii

Reports

The late Cenozoic deposits of southeastern Virginia represent a wide variety of depositional environments and record numerous marine transgressions. The formations range in age from Miocene to Holocene. This fieldguide provides an opportunity to visit and sample highly fossilferous marine bay and fluvial-estuarine sediments exposed in river bluffs and borrow pits on the York-James Peninsula.

Geological And Benthic Evaluation Of Sand Resources In The Lower Chesapeake Bay, Report 2, Tail Of The Horseshoe : Final Report V.1, Carl C. Hobbs Iii, Linda C. Schaffner

Reports

This is the second of two reports concerning the resources of sand in the lower portions of Chesapeake Bay. The first, Geotechnical and Benthic Evaluation of Sand Resources in the Lower Chesapeake Bay (Kimball and others, 1989), presents a study of the resources in Thimble Shoal. The present work is a study of the area known as Tail of the Horseshoe which is just east of Thimble Shoal (Figure 1). The deposits of sand described in this report will be of most interest to the communities of Norfolk and Virginia Beach.

Geological And Benthic Evaluation Of Sand Resources In The Lower Chesapeake Bay, Report 2, Tail Of The Horseshoe : Appendix, Carl C. Hobbs Iii, Linda C. Schaffner

Reports

Appendices to the final report with data and core information:

• York Spit Channel
• Sand Inventory Data
• Thimble Shoals Channel
• Tail of the Horseshoe
• Cape Henry Channel
• data from benthic evaluation
• listing of species collected in quantitative box cores
• sediment profile imagery
• station locations

Hypoxia In The Lower Rappahannock Estuary, Albert Y. Kuo, Mohamed Z. Moustafa

Reports

There are several objectives to this study. The immediate objective is to collect a comprehensive and consistent set of field observations to better describe the hypoxic condition in the Rappahannock River. Other objectives can be classified as short and long term goals.

Long term: (1) Identify and quantify the processes contributing to the dissolved oxygen budget in deep waters, and explain the variabilities among the three Virginia major tributary estuaries. (2) Provide information for resource management so that the James River can be protected from hypoxic problems and, perhaps, the problems in the York and Rappahannock Rivers can be alleviated. …

Surface Sediments And Their Relationship To Water Quality In Hillsborough Bay, A Highly Impacted Subdivision Of Tampa Bay, Florida, J.O.R. Johansson, A.P. Squires

Reports

This paper will summarize the composition of surface sediment and sediment oxygen demand rated in Hillsborough Bay. Also, a first attempt is made to relate the nutrients released from these sediments to the phytoplankton, the dominant primary producers of the bay.

Distribution Patterns And Accumulation Rates Of Fine-Grained Sediments In Upper Tampa Bay, Florida, Gregg R. Brooks

Reports

Tampa Bay, a drowned river valley, is the largest estuary on Florida's west coast.

Surface sediments consist of a mixture of carbonate and terrigenous clastic sands and muds.

The objectives of this study are to determine accumulation rates and processes controlling the distribution patterns of fine grain sediments.

Study Of Economic Heavy Minerals Of The Virginia Inner Continental Shelf, C. R. Berquist, C. H. Hobbs Iii

Reports

No abstract provided.

Cross-Shoreface Suspended Sediment Transport : A Response To The Interaction Of Nearshore And Shelf Processes, Fall 1994 Duck, Nc Field Experiment, D. A. Hepworth, Carl T. Friedrichs, John Brubaker

Reports

Deployment : The tripods were assembled, tested and secured onboard the RIV Sea Diver, which left the Little Creek Amphibious Base in Norfolk, Virginia early on 26 September. While underway to the deployment site, the continuous surface water conductivity and temperature survey was run and several CTD casts were made. The tripods were deployed on 26 September and secured to the sea floor with sand anchors by VIMS divers. The R/V Sea Diver then began the series of on/off shore transects at the tripod deployment site for approximately 12 hours. The vessel returned to port on 27 September .

Recovery: …