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Articles 1 - 26 of 26
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Architecture-Based Self-Adaptation For Moving Target Defense (Cmu-Isr-14-109), Bradley Schmerl, Javier Camara, Gabriel Moreno, David Garlan, Andrew O. Mellinger
Architecture-Based Self-Adaptation For Moving Target Defense (Cmu-Isr-14-109), Bradley Schmerl, Javier Camara, Gabriel Moreno, David Garlan, Andrew O. Mellinger
Gabriel A. Moreno
The fundamental premise behind Moving Target Defense (MTD) is to create a dynamic and shifting system that is more difficult to attack than a static system because a constantly changing attack surface at least reduces the chance of an attacker finding and exploiting the weakness. However, MTD approaches are typically chosen without regard to other qualities of the system, such as performance or cost. This report explores the use of self-adaptive systems, in particular those based on the architecture of the running system. A systems software architecture can be used to trade off different quality dimensions of the system. In …
Decision-Making With Cross-Entropy For Self-Adaptation, Gabriel A. Moreno, Ofer Strichman, Sagar Chaki, Radislav Vaisman
Decision-Making With Cross-Entropy For Self-Adaptation, Gabriel A. Moreno, Ofer Strichman, Sagar Chaki, Radislav Vaisman
Gabriel A. Moreno
Comparing Model-Based Predictive Approaches To Self-Adaptation: Cobra And Pla, Gabriel A. Moreno, Alessandro V. Papadopoulos, Konstantinos Angelopoulos, Javier Camara, Bradley Schmerl
Comparing Model-Based Predictive Approaches To Self-Adaptation: Cobra And Pla, Gabriel A. Moreno, Alessandro V. Papadopoulos, Konstantinos Angelopoulos, Javier Camara, Bradley Schmerl
Gabriel A. Moreno
Hybrid Planning For Decision Making In Self-Adaptive Systems, Ashutosh Pandey, Gabriel A. Moreno, Javier Camara, David Garlan
Hybrid Planning For Decision Making In Self-Adaptive Systems, Ashutosh Pandey, Gabriel A. Moreno, Javier Camara, David Garlan
Gabriel A. Moreno
Efficient Decision-Making Under Uncertainty For Proactive Self-Adaptation, Gabriel A. Moreno, Javier Camara, David Garlan, Bradley Schmerl
Efficient Decision-Making Under Uncertainty For Proactive Self-Adaptation, Gabriel A. Moreno, Javier Camara, David Garlan, Bradley Schmerl
Gabriel A. Moreno
Analyzing Latency-Aware Self-Adaptation Using Stochastic Games And Simulations, Javier Camara, Gabriel A. Moreno, David Garlan, Bradley Schmerl
Analyzing Latency-Aware Self-Adaptation Using Stochastic Games And Simulations, Javier Camara, Gabriel A. Moreno, David Garlan, Bradley Schmerl
Gabriel A. Moreno
Self-adaptive systems must decide which adaptations to apply and when. In reactive approaches, adaptations are chosen and executed after some issue in the system has been detected (e.g., unforeseen attacks or failures). In proactive approaches, predictions are used to prepare the system for some future event (e.g., traffic spikes during holidays). In both cases, the choice of adaptation is based on the estimated impact it will have on the system. Current decision-making approaches assume that the impact will be instantaneous, whereas it is common that adaptations take time to produce their impact. Ignoring this latency is problematic because adaptations may …
Proactive Self-Adaptation Under Uncertainty: A Probabilistic Model Checking Approach, Gabriel A. Moreno, Javier Camara, David Garlan, Bradley Schmerl
Proactive Self-Adaptation Under Uncertainty: A Probabilistic Model Checking Approach, Gabriel A. Moreno, Javier Camara, David Garlan, Bradley Schmerl
Gabriel A. Moreno
Self-adaptive systems tend to be reactive and myopic, adapting in response to changes without anticipating what the subsequent adaptation needs will be. Adapting reactively can result in inefficiencies due to the system performing a suboptimal sequence of adaptations. Furthermore, when adaptations have latency, and take some time to produce their effect, they have to be started with sufficient lead time so that they complete by the time their effect is needed. Proactive latency-aware adaptation addresses these issues by making adaptation decisions with a look-ahead horizon and taking adaptation latency into account. In this paper we present an approach for proactive …
Reasoning About Human Participation In Self-Adaptive Systems, Javier Camara, Gabriel A. Moreno, David Garlan
Reasoning About Human Participation In Self-Adaptive Systems, Javier Camara, Gabriel A. Moreno, David Garlan
Gabriel A. Moreno
Self-adaptive systems overcome many of the limitations of human supervision in complex software-intensive systems by endowing them with the ability to automatically adapt their structure and behavior in the presence of runtime changes. However, adaptation in some classes of systems (e.g., safety- critical) can benefit by receiving information from humans (e.g., acting as sophisticated sensors, decision-makers), or by involving them as system-level effectors to execute adaptations (e.g., when automation is not possible, or as a fallback mechanism). However, human participants are influenced by factors external to the system (e.g., training level, fatigue) that affect the likelihood of success when they …
Architecture-Based Self-Protection: Composing And Reasoning About Denial-Of-Service Mitigations, Bradley Schmerl, Javier Camara, Jeffrey Gennari, David Garlan, Paulo Casanova, Gabriel A. Moreno, Thomas J. Glazierr, Jeffrey M. Barnes
Architecture-Based Self-Protection: Composing And Reasoning About Denial-Of-Service Mitigations, Bradley Schmerl, Javier Camara, Jeffrey Gennari, David Garlan, Paulo Casanova, Gabriel A. Moreno, Thomas J. Glazierr, Jeffrey M. Barnes
Gabriel A. Moreno
Security features are often hardwired into software applications, making it difficult to adapt security responses to reflect changes in runtime context and new attacks. In prior work, we proposed the idea of architecture-based self-protection as a way of separating adaptation logic from application logic and providing a global per- spective for reasoning about security adaptations in the context of other business goals. In this paper, we present an approach, based on this idea, for combating denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Our approach allows DoS-related tactics to be composed into more so- phisticated mitigation strategies that encapsulate possible responses to a security problem. …
An Optimal Real-Time Voltage And Frequency Scaling For Uniform Multiprocessors, Gabriel A. Moreno, Dionisio De Niz
An Optimal Real-Time Voltage And Frequency Scaling For Uniform Multiprocessors, Gabriel A. Moreno, Dionisio De Niz
Gabriel A. Moreno
Power consumption is an increasing concern in real-time systems that operate on battery power or require heat dissipation to keep the system at its operating temperature. Today, most processors allow software to change their frequency and voltage of operation to reduce their power consumption. Frequency scaling in real-time systems must be done in a way that ensures that the tasks' deadlines are met. In this paper we present the Growing Minimum Frequency (GMF) algorithm for voltage and frequency scaling in uniform multiprocessors for real-time systems. This algorithm runs in polynomial time and computes the optimal voltage and frequency assignment, achieving …
Architecture Evaluation Without An Architecture: Experience With The Smart Grid, Rick Kazman, Len Bass, James Ivers, Gabriel A. Moreno
Architecture Evaluation Without An Architecture: Experience With The Smart Grid, Rick Kazman, Len Bass, James Ivers, Gabriel A. Moreno
Gabriel A. Moreno
This paper describes an analysis of some of the challenges facing one portion of the Electrical Smart Grid in the United States - residential Demand Response (DR) systems. The purposes of this paper are twofold: 1) to discover risks to residential DR systems and 2) to illustrate an architecture-based analysis approach to uncovering risks that span a collection of technical and social concerns. The results presented here are specific to residential DR but the approach is general and it could be applied to other systems within the Smart Grid and to other critical infrastructure domains. Our architecture-based analysis is different …
Designing For Incentives: Better Information Sharing For Better Software Engineering, Mark Klein, Gabriel A. Moreno, David C. Parkes, Kurt Wallnau
Designing For Incentives: Better Information Sharing For Better Software Engineering, Mark Klein, Gabriel A. Moreno, David C. Parkes, Kurt Wallnau
Gabriel A. Moreno
Software-reliant systems permeate all aspects of modern society. The resulting interconnectedness and associated complexity has resulted in a proliferation of diverse stakeholders with conflicting goals. Thus, contemporary software engineering is plagued by incentive conflicts, in settling on design features, allocating resources during the development of products, and allocating computational resources at runtime. In this position paper, we describe some of these problems and outline a research agenda in bridging to the economic theory of mechanism design, which seeks to align incentives in multi-agent systems with private information and conflicting goals. The ultimate goal is to advance a principled methodology for …
Resource Allocation In Distributed Mixed-Criticality Cyber-Physical Systems, Karthik Lakshmanan, Dionisio De Niz, Ragunathan (Raj) Rajkumar, Gabriel A. Moreno
Resource Allocation In Distributed Mixed-Criticality Cyber-Physical Systems, Karthik Lakshmanan, Dionisio De Niz, Ragunathan (Raj) Rajkumar, Gabriel A. Moreno
Gabriel A. Moreno
Large-scale distributed cyber-physical systems will have many sensors/actuators (each with local micro-controllers), and a distributed communication/computing backbone with multiple processors. Many cyber-physical applications will be safety critical and in many cases unexpected workload spikes are likely to occur due to unpredictable changes in the physical environment. In the face of such overload scenarios, the desirable property in such systems is that the most critical applications continue to meet their deadlines. In this paper, we capture this mixed-criticality property by developing a formal overload-resilience metric called ductility. The generality of ductility enables it to evaluate any scheduling algorithm from the perspective …
Statistical-Based Wcet Estimation And Validation, Jeffery Hansen, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno
Statistical-Based Wcet Estimation And Validation, Jeffery Hansen, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno
Gabriel A. Moreno
In this paper we present a measurement-based approach that produces both a WCET (Worst Case Execution Time) estimate, and a prediction of the probability that a future execution time will exceed our estimate. Our statistical-based approach uses extreme value theory to build a model of the tail behavior of the measured execution time value. We validate our approach using an industrial data set comprised of over 150 sampled components and nearly 200 million sample execution times. Each trace is divided into two segments, with one used to make the WCET estimate, and the second used check our prediction of the …
Model-Driven Performance Analysis, Gabriel A. Moreno, Paulo Merson
Model-Driven Performance Analysis, Gabriel A. Moreno, Paulo Merson
Gabriel A. Moreno
Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) is an approach to develop software systems by creating models and applying automated transformations to them to ultimately generate the implementation for a target platform. Although the main focus of MDE is on the generation of code, it is also necessary to support the analysis of the designs with respect to quality attributes such as performance. To complement the model-to-implementation path of MDE approaches, an MDE tool infrastructure should provide what we call model-driven analysis. This paper describes an approach to model-driven analysis based on reasoning frameworks. In particular, it describes a performance reasoning framework that can …
Predicting The Behavior Of A Highly Configurable Component Based Real-Time System, Gabriel A. Moreno, Scott A. Hissam, Daniel Plakosh, Isak Savo, Marcin Stelmarczyk
Predicting The Behavior Of A Highly Configurable Component Based Real-Time System, Gabriel A. Moreno, Scott A. Hissam, Daniel Plakosh, Isak Savo, Marcin Stelmarczyk
Gabriel A. Moreno
Software components and the technology supporting component based software engineering contribute greatly to the rapid development and configuration of systems for a variety of application domains. Such domains go beyond desktop office applications and information systems supporting e-commerce, but include systems having real-time performance requirements and critical functionality. Discussed in this paper are the results from an experiment that demonstrates the ability to predict deadline satisfaction of threads in a real-time system where the functionality performed is based on the configuration of the assembled software components. Presented is the method used to abstract the large, legacy code base of the …
Performance Analysis Of Real-Time Component Architectures: A Model Interchange Approach, Gabriel A. Moreno, Connie U. Smith, Lloyd G. Williams
Performance Analysis Of Real-Time Component Architectures: A Model Interchange Approach, Gabriel A. Moreno, Connie U. Smith, Lloyd G. Williams
Gabriel A. Moreno
Model interchange approaches support the analysis of software architecture and design by enabling a variety of tools to automatically exchange performance models using a common schema. This paper builds on one of those interchange formats, the Software Performance Model Interchange Format (S-PMIF), and extends it to support the performance analysis of real-time systems. Specifically, it addresses real-time system designs expressed in the Construction and Composition Language (CCL) and their transformation into the S-PMIF for additional performance analyses. This paper defines extensions and changes to the S-PMIF meta-model and schema required for real-time systems. It describes transformations for both simple, best-case …
Creating Custom Containers With Generative Techniques, Gabriel A. Moreno
Creating Custom Containers With Generative Techniques, Gabriel A. Moreno
Gabriel A. Moreno
Component containers are a key part of mainstream component technologies, and play an important role in separating nonfunctional concerns from the core component logic. This paper addresses two different aspects of containers. First, it shows how generative programming techniques, using AspectC++ and metaprogramming, can be used to generate stubs and skeletons without the need for special compilers or interface description languages. Second, the paper describes an approach to create custom containers by composing different non-functional features. Unlike component technologies such as EJB, which only support a predefined set of container types, this approach allows different combinations of non-functional features to …
Using Containers To Enforce Smart Constraints For Performance In Industrial Systems, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno, Kurt C. Wallnau
Using Containers To Enforce Smart Constraints For Performance In Industrial Systems, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno, Kurt C. Wallnau
Gabriel A. Moreno
Performance Property Theories For Predictable Assembly From Certifiable Components (Pacc), Scott A. Hissam, Mark H. Klein, John Lehoczky, Paulo Merson, Gabriel A. Moreno, Kurt C. Wallnau
Performance Property Theories For Predictable Assembly From Certifiable Components (Pacc), Scott A. Hissam, Mark H. Klein, John Lehoczky, Paulo Merson, Gabriel A. Moreno, Kurt C. Wallnau
Gabriel A. Moreno
Enabling Predictable Assembly, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno, Judith Stafford, Kurt C. Wallnau
Enabling Predictable Assembly, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno, Judith Stafford, Kurt C. Wallnau
Gabriel A. Moreno
Demands for increased functionality, better quality, and faster time-to-market in software products continue to increase. Component-based development is the software industry’s response to these demands. The industry has developed technologies such as EJB and CORBA to assemble components that are created in isolation. Component technologies available today allow designers to plug components together, but do little to allow the developer to reason about how well they will play together. Predictable assembly focuses on issues related to assembling component-based systems that predictably meet their quality attribute requirements. This paper introduces prediction-enabled component technology (PECT) as a means of packaging predictable assembly …
Predictable Assembly Of Substation Automation Systems: An Experiment Report, Scott A. Hissam, John Hudak, James Ivers, Mark H. Klein, Magnus Larsson, Gabriel A. Moreno, Linda M. Northrop, Daniel Plakosh, Judith Stafford, Kurt C. Wallnau, William G. Wood
Predictable Assembly Of Substation Automation Systems: An Experiment Report, Scott A. Hissam, John Hudak, James Ivers, Mark H. Klein, Magnus Larsson, Gabriel A. Moreno, Linda M. Northrop, Daniel Plakosh, Judith Stafford, Kurt C. Wallnau, William G. Wood
Gabriel A. Moreno
Packaging And Deploying Predictable Assembly, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno, Judith Stafford, Kurt C. Wallnau
Packaging And Deploying Predictable Assembly, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno, Judith Stafford, Kurt C. Wallnau
Gabriel A. Moreno
Significant economic and technical benefits accrue from the use of pre-existing and commercially available software components to develop new systems. However, challenges remain that, if not adequately addressed, will slow the adoption of software component technology. Chief among these are a lack of consumer trust in the quality of components, and a lack of trust in the quality of assemblies of components without extensive and expensive testing. This paper describes predictionenabled component technology (PECT). A PECT results from integrating component technology with analysis models. An analysis model permits analysis and prediction of assembly-level properties prior to component composition, and, perhaps, …
Statistical Models For Empirical Component Properties And Assembly-Level Property Predictions: Toward Standard Labeling, Gabriel A. Moreno, Scott A. Hissam, Kurt C. Wallnau
Statistical Models For Empirical Component Properties And Assembly-Level Property Predictions: Toward Standard Labeling, Gabriel A. Moreno, Scott A. Hissam, Kurt C. Wallnau
Gabriel A. Moreno
One risk inherent in the use of software components has been that the behavior of assemblies of components is discovered only after their integration. The objective of our work is to enable designers to use known (and certified) component properties as parameters to models that can be used to predict assembly-level properties. Our concern in this paper is with empirical component properties and compositional reasoning, rather than formal properties and reasoning. Empirical component properties must be measured; assessing the effectiveness of predictions based on these properties also involves measurement. This, in turn, introduces systematic and random measurement error. As a …
Packaging Predictable Assembly With Prediction-Enabled Component Technology, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno, Judith Stafford, Kurt C. Wallnau
Packaging Predictable Assembly With Prediction-Enabled Component Technology, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno, Judith Stafford, Kurt C. Wallnau
Gabriel A. Moreno
Applicability Of General Scenarios To The Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method, Len Bass, Mark H. Klein, Gabriel A. Moreno
Applicability Of General Scenarios To The Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method, Len Bass, Mark H. Klein, Gabriel A. Moreno
Gabriel A. Moreno