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Computer Sciences

Selected Works

Gabriel A. Moreno

Articles 1 - 30 of 30

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Architecture-Based Self-Adaptation For Moving Target Defense (Cmu-Isr-14-109), Bradley Schmerl, Javier Camara, Gabriel Moreno, David Garlan, Andrew O. Mellinger Sep 2017

Architecture-Based Self-Adaptation For Moving Target Defense (Cmu-Isr-14-109), Bradley Schmerl, Javier Camara, Gabriel Moreno, David Garlan, Andrew O. Mellinger

Gabriel A. Moreno

The fundamental premise behind Moving Target Defense (MTD) is to create a dynamic and shifting system that is more difficult to attack than a static system because a constantly changing attack surface at least reduces the chance of an attacker finding and exploiting the weakness. However, MTD approaches are typically chosen without regard to other qualities of the system, such as performance or cost. This report explores the use of self-adaptive systems, in particular those based on the architecture of the running system. A systems software architecture can be used to trade off different quality dimensions of the system. In …

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Decision-Making With Cross-Entropy For Self-Adaptation, Gabriel A. Moreno, Ofer Strichman, Sagar Chaki, Radislav Vaisman Apr 2017

Decision-Making With Cross-Entropy For Self-Adaptation, Gabriel A. Moreno, Ofer Strichman, Sagar Chaki, Radislav Vaisman

Gabriel A. Moreno

Approaches to decision-making in self-adaptive systems are increasingly becoming more effective at managing the target system by taking into account more elements of the decision problem that were previously ignored. These approaches have to solve complex optimization problems at run time, and even though they have been shown to be suitable for different kinds of systems, their time complexity can make them excessively slow for systems that have a large adaptation-relevant state space, or that require a tight control loop driven by fast decisions. In this paper we present an approach to speed up complex proactive latency-aware self-adaptation decisions, using …

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Comparing Model-Based Predictive Approaches To Self-Adaptation: Cobra And Pla, Gabriel A. Moreno, Alessandro V. Papadopoulos, Konstantinos Angelopoulos, Javier Camara, Bradley Schmerl Apr 2017

Comparing Model-Based Predictive Approaches To Self-Adaptation: Cobra And Pla, Gabriel A. Moreno, Alessandro V. Papadopoulos, Konstantinos Angelopoulos, Javier Camara, Bradley Schmerl

Gabriel A. Moreno

Modern software-intensive systems must often guarantee certain quality requirements under changing run-time conditions and high levels of uncertainty. Self-adaptation has proven to be an effective way to engineer systems that can address such challenges, but many of these approaches are purely reactive and adapt only after a failure has taken place. To overcome some of the limitations of reactive approaches (e.g., lagging behind environment changes and favoring short-term improvements), recent proactive self-adaptation mechanisms apply ideas from control theory, such as model predictive control (MPC), to improve adaptation. When selecting which MPC approach to apply, the improvement that can be obtained …

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Hybrid Planning For Decision Making In Self-Adaptive Systems, Ashutosh Pandey, Gabriel A. Moreno, Javier Camara, David Garlan Aug 2016

Hybrid Planning For Decision Making In Self-Adaptive Systems, Ashutosh Pandey, Gabriel A. Moreno, Javier Camara, David Garlan

Gabriel A. Moreno

Run-time generation of adaptation plans is a powerful mechanism that helps a self-adaptive system to meet its goals in a dynamically changing environment. In the past, researchers have demonstrated successful use of various automated planning techniques to generate adaptation plans at run time. However, for a planning technique, there is often a trade-off between timeliness and optimality of the solution. For some self-adaptive systems, ideally, one would like to have a planning approach that is both quick and finds an optimal adaptation plan. To find the right balance between these conflicting requirements, this paper introduces a hybrid planning approach that …

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Efficient Decision-Making Under Uncertainty For Proactive Self-Adaptation, Gabriel A. Moreno, Javier Camara, David Garlan, Bradley Schmerl Jul 2016

Efficient Decision-Making Under Uncertainty For Proactive Self-Adaptation, Gabriel A. Moreno, Javier Camara, David Garlan, Bradley Schmerl

Gabriel A. Moreno

Proactive latency-aware adaptation is an approach for self-adaptive systems that improves over reactive adaptation by considering both the current and anticipated adaptation needs of the system, and taking into account the latency of adaptation tactics so that they can be started with the necessary lead time. Making an adaptation decision with these characteristics requires solving an optimization problem to select the adaptation path that maximizes an objective function over a finite look-ahead horizon. Since this is a problem of selecting adaptation actions in the context of the probabilistic behavior of the environment, Markov decision processes (MDP) are a suitable approach. …

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Analyzing Latency-Aware Self-Adaptation Using Stochastic Games And Simulations, Javier Camara, Gabriel A. Moreno, David Garlan, Bradley Schmerl Dec 2014

Analyzing Latency-Aware Self-Adaptation Using Stochastic Games And Simulations, Javier Camara, Gabriel A. Moreno, David Garlan, Bradley Schmerl

Gabriel A. Moreno

Self-adaptive systems must decide which adaptations to apply and when. In reactive approaches, adaptations are chosen and executed after some issue in the system has been detected (e.g., unforeseen attacks or failures). In proactive approaches, predictions are used to prepare the system for some future event (e.g., traffic spikes during holidays). In both cases, the choice of adaptation is based on the estimated impact it will have on the system. Current decision-making approaches assume that the impact will be instantaneous, whereas it is common that adaptations take time to produce their impact. Ignoring this latency is problematic because adaptations may …

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Proactive Self-Adaptation Under Uncertainty: A Probabilistic Model Checking Approach, Gabriel A. Moreno, Javier Camara, David Garlan, Bradley Schmerl Dec 2014

Proactive Self-Adaptation Under Uncertainty: A Probabilistic Model Checking Approach, Gabriel A. Moreno, Javier Camara, David Garlan, Bradley Schmerl

Gabriel A. Moreno

Self-adaptive systems tend to be reactive and myopic, adapting in response to changes without anticipating what the subsequent adaptation needs will be. Adapting reactively can result in inefficiencies due to the system performing a suboptimal sequence of adaptations. Furthermore, when adaptations have latency, and take some time to produce their effect, they have to be started with sufficient lead time so that they complete by the time their effect is needed. Proactive latency-aware adaptation addresses these issues by making adaptation decisions with a look-ahead horizon and taking adaptation latency into account. In this paper we present an approach for proactive …

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Reasoning About Human Participation In Self-Adaptive Systems, Javier Camara, Gabriel A. Moreno, David Garlan Dec 2014

Reasoning About Human Participation In Self-Adaptive Systems, Javier Camara, Gabriel A. Moreno, David Garlan

Gabriel A. Moreno

Self-adaptive systems overcome many of the limitations of human supervision in complex software-intensive systems by endowing them with the ability to automatically adapt their structure and behavior in the presence of runtime changes. However, adaptation in some classes of systems (e.g., safety- critical) can benefit by receiving information from humans (e.g., acting as sophisticated sensors, decision-makers), or by involving them as system-level effectors to execute adaptations (e.g., when automation is not possible, or as a fallback mechanism). However, human participants are influenced by factors external to the system (e.g., training level, fatigue) that affect the likelihood of success when they …

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Architecture-Based Self-Protection: Composing And Reasoning About Denial-Of-Service Mitigations, Bradley Schmerl, Javier Camara, Jeffrey Gennari, David Garlan, Paulo Casanova, Gabriel A. Moreno, Thomas J. Glazierr, Jeffrey M. Barnes Mar 2014

Architecture-Based Self-Protection: Composing And Reasoning About Denial-Of-Service Mitigations, Bradley Schmerl, Javier Camara, Jeffrey Gennari, David Garlan, Paulo Casanova, Gabriel A. Moreno, Thomas J. Glazierr, Jeffrey M. Barnes

Gabriel A. Moreno

Security features are often hardwired into software applications, making it difficult to adapt security responses to reflect changes in runtime context and new attacks. In prior work, we proposed the idea of architecture-based self-protection as a way of separating adaptation logic from application logic and providing a global per- spective for reasoning about security adaptations in the context of other business goals. In this paper, we present an approach, based on this idea, for combating denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Our approach allows DoS-related tactics to be composed into more so- phisticated mitigation strategies that encapsulate possible responses to a security problem. …

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Socio-Adaptive Systems Challenge Problems Workshop Report, Scott Hissam, Mark Klein, Gabriel Moreno May 2013

Socio-Adaptive Systems Challenge Problems Workshop Report, Scott Hissam, Mark Klein, Gabriel Moreno

Gabriel A. Moreno

Socio-adaptive systems are systems in which human and computational elements interact as peers. The behavior of the system arises from the properties of both types of elements and the nature of their collective reaction to changes in their environment, the mission they support, and the availability of resources they use. The Software Engineering Institute (SEI) held the Socio-Adaptive Systems Challenge Problem Workshop in Pittsburgh, PA, on April 12-13, 2012. The workshop’s goal was to identify the challenges associated with resource allocation for warfighters operating at the tactical edge, where networks are often unreliable, and bandwidth limited and inconsistent. This report …

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Resource Allocation In Dynamic Environments, Jeffrey Hansen, Scott Hissam, Craig Meyers, Gabriel Moreno, Daniel Plakosh, Joe Seibel, Lutz Wrage Sep 2012

Resource Allocation In Dynamic Environments, Jeffrey Hansen, Scott Hissam, Craig Meyers, Gabriel Moreno, Daniel Plakosh, Joe Seibel, Lutz Wrage

Gabriel A. Moreno

This technical report examines two challenges related to resource allocation that can negatively affect system operation in a dynamic environment, where warfighter needs for resources, resource availability, environmental effects, and mission conditions can change from moment to moment. The first challenge occurs when warfighters overstate their individual needs of a shared resource, leading to inefficient allocation. Overstatement may bring local optimization; however, it can cause global inefficiencies that result in a detriment to overall mission success. This challenge is addressed by using computational mechanism design, more specifically, the dynamic Vickrey-Clark-Groves allocation mechanism. The second challenge involves resource availability that may …

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An Optimal Real-Time Voltage And Frequency Scaling For Uniform Multiprocessors, Gabriel A. Moreno, Dionisio De Niz Dec 2011

An Optimal Real-Time Voltage And Frequency Scaling For Uniform Multiprocessors, Gabriel A. Moreno, Dionisio De Niz

Gabriel A. Moreno

Power consumption is an increasing concern in real-time systems that operate on battery power or require heat dissipation to keep the system at its operating temperature. Today, most processors allow software to change their frequency and voltage of operation to reduce their power consumption. Frequency scaling in real-time systems must be done in a way that ensures that the tasks' deadlines are met. In this paper we present the Growing Minimum Frequency (GMF) algorithm for voltage and frequency scaling in uniform multiprocessors for real-time systems. This algorithm runs in polynomial time and computes the optimal voltage and frequency assignment, achieving …

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Architecture Evaluation Without An Architecture: Experience With The Smart Grid, Rick Kazman, Len Bass, James Ivers, Gabriel A. Moreno Apr 2011

Architecture Evaluation Without An Architecture: Experience With The Smart Grid, Rick Kazman, Len Bass, James Ivers, Gabriel A. Moreno

Gabriel A. Moreno

This paper describes an analysis of some of the challenges facing one portion of the Electrical Smart Grid in the United States - residential Demand Response (DR) systems. The purposes of this paper are twofold: 1) to discover risks to residential DR systems and 2) to illustrate an architecture-based analysis approach to uncovering risks that span a collection of technical and social concerns. The results presented here are specific to residential DR but the approach is general and it could be applied to other systems within the Smart Grid and to other critical infrastructure domains. Our architecture-based analysis is different …

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Designing For Incentives: Better Information Sharing For Better Software Engineering, Mark Klein, Gabriel A. Moreno, David C. Parkes, Kurt Wallnau Oct 2010

Designing For Incentives: Better Information Sharing For Better Software Engineering, Mark Klein, Gabriel A. Moreno, David C. Parkes, Kurt Wallnau

Gabriel A. Moreno

Software-reliant systems permeate all aspects of modern society. The resulting interconnectedness and associated complexity has resulted in a proliferation of diverse stakeholders with conflicting goals. Thus, contemporary software engineering is plagued by incentive conflicts, in settling on design features, allocating resources during the development of products, and allocating computational resources at runtime. In this position paper, we describe some of these problems and outline a research agenda in bridging to the economic theory of mechanism design, which seeks to align incentives in multi-agent systems with private information and conflicting goals. The ultimate goal is to advance a principled methodology for …

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Performance Analysis Of Real-Time Component Architectures: An Enhanced Model Interchange Approach, Gabriel Moreno, Connie Smith Jul 2010

Performance Analysis Of Real-Time Component Architectures: An Enhanced Model Interchange Approach, Gabriel Moreno, Connie Smith

Gabriel A. Moreno

Model interchange approaches support the analysis of software architecture and design by enabling a variety of tools to exchange performance models using a common schema. This paper builds on the Software Performance Model Interchange Format (S-PMIF), extending it to support the analysis of real-time systems and adapting it to be suitable for implementation with modeling frameworks such as MOF or EMF. This enhances the model interchange process by making it possible to define model-to-model transformations from design models into software performance models. The paper addresses real-time system designs expressed in CCL and their transformation into the S-PMIF for additional performance …

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Resource Allocation In Distributed Mixed-Criticality Cyber-Physical Systems, Karthik Lakshmanan, Dionisio De Niz, Ragunathan (Raj) Rajkumar, Gabriel A. Moreno May 2010

Resource Allocation In Distributed Mixed-Criticality Cyber-Physical Systems, Karthik Lakshmanan, Dionisio De Niz, Ragunathan (Raj) Rajkumar, Gabriel A. Moreno

Gabriel A. Moreno

Large-scale distributed cyber-physical systems will have many sensors/actuators (each with local micro-controllers), and a distributed communication/computing backbone with multiple processors. Many cyber-physical applications will be safety critical and in many cases unexpected workload spikes are likely to occur due to unpredictable changes in the physical environment. In the face of such overload scenarios, the desirable property in such systems is that the most critical applications continue to meet their deadlines. In this paper, we capture this mixed-criticality property by developing a formal overload-resilience metric called ductility. The generality of ductility enables it to evaluate any scheduling algorithm from the perspective …

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Overview Of The Lambda-* Performance Reasoning Frameworks, Gabriel A. Moreno, Jeffery Hansen Jan 2009

Overview Of The Lambda-* Performance Reasoning Frameworks, Gabriel A. Moreno, Jeffery Hansen

Gabriel A. Moreno

The Predictable Assembly from Certifiable Code (PACC) Initiative at the Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute is developing methods and technologies to enable the production of software with predictable behavior by making the application of analytic methods accessible to software engineering practitioners. The use of reasoning frameworks is a means to achieving this goal. A reasoning framework is a packaging of an analysis theory along with other important elements that are needed for its application, such as methods for creating analysis models and evaluating them.
Lambda-* is a suite of performance reasoning frameworks founded on the principles of Generalized Rate Monotonic …

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Statistical-Based Wcet Estimation And Validation, Jeffery Hansen, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno Dec 2008

Statistical-Based Wcet Estimation And Validation, Jeffery Hansen, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno

Gabriel A. Moreno

In this paper we present a measurement-based approach that produces both a WCET (Worst Case Execution Time) estimate, and a prediction of the probability that a future execution time will exceed our estimate. Our statistical-based approach uses extreme value theory to build a model of the tail behavior of the measured execution time value. We validate our approach using an industrial data set comprised of over 150 sampled components and nearly 200 million sample execution times. Each trace is divided into two segments, with one used to make the WCET estimate, and the second used check our prediction of the …

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Model-Driven Performance Analysis, Gabriel A. Moreno, Paulo Merson Sep 2008

Model-Driven Performance Analysis, Gabriel A. Moreno, Paulo Merson

Gabriel A. Moreno

Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) is an approach to develop software systems by creating models and applying automated transformations to them to ultimately generate the implementation for a target platform. Although the main focus of MDE is on the generation of code, it is also necessary to support the analysis of the designs with respect to quality attributes such as performance. To complement the model-to-implementation path of MDE approaches, an MDE tool infrastructure should provide what we call model-driven analysis. This paper describes an approach to model-driven analysis based on reasoning frameworks. In particular, it describes a performance reasoning framework that can …

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Predicting The Behavior Of A Highly Configurable Component Based Real-Time System, Gabriel A. Moreno, Scott A. Hissam, Daniel Plakosh, Isak Savo, Marcin Stelmarczyk Jun 2008

Predicting The Behavior Of A Highly Configurable Component Based Real-Time System, Gabriel A. Moreno, Scott A. Hissam, Daniel Plakosh, Isak Savo, Marcin Stelmarczyk

Gabriel A. Moreno

Software components and the technology supporting component based software engineering contribute greatly to the rapid development and configuration of systems for a variety of application domains. Such domains go beyond desktop office applications and information systems supporting e-commerce, but include systems having real-time performance requirements and critical functionality. Discussed in this paper are the results from an experiment that demonstrates the ability to predict deadline satisfaction of threads in a real-time system where the functionality performed is based on the configuration of the assembled software components. Presented is the method used to abstract the large, legacy code base of the …

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Performance Analysis Of Real-Time Component Architectures: A Model Interchange Approach, Gabriel A. Moreno, Connie U. Smith, Lloyd G. Williams May 2008

Performance Analysis Of Real-Time Component Architectures: A Model Interchange Approach, Gabriel A. Moreno, Connie U. Smith, Lloyd G. Williams

Gabriel A. Moreno

Model interchange approaches support the analysis of software architecture and design by enabling a variety of tools to automatically exchange performance models using a common schema. This paper builds on one of those interchange formats, the Software Performance Model Interchange Format (S-PMIF), and extends it to support the performance analysis of real-time systems. Specifically, it addresses real-time system designs expressed in the Construction and Composition Language (CCL) and their transformation into the S-PMIF for additional performance analyses. This paper defines extensions and changes to the S-PMIF meta-model and schema required for real-time systems. It describes transformations for both simple, best-case …

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Creating Custom Containers With Generative Techniques, Gabriel A. Moreno Sep 2006

Creating Custom Containers With Generative Techniques, Gabriel A. Moreno

Gabriel A. Moreno

Component containers are a key part of mainstream component technologies, and play an important role in separating nonfunctional concerns from the core component logic. This paper addresses two different aspects of containers. First, it shows how generative programming techniques, using AspectC++ and metaprogramming, can be used to generate stubs and skeletons without the need for special compilers or interface description languages. Second, the paper describes an approach to create custom containers by composing different non-functional features. Unlike component technologies such as EJB, which only support a predefined set of container types, this approach allows different combinations of non-functional features to …

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Using Containers To Enforce Smart Constraints For Performance In Industrial Systems, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno, Kurt C. Wallnau Jul 2005

Using Containers To Enforce Smart Constraints For Performance In Industrial Systems, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno, Kurt C. Wallnau

Gabriel A. Moreno

Today, software engineering is concerned less with individual programs than with large-scale networks of interacting programs. For large-scale networks, engineering problems emerge that go well beyond functional correctness (the purview of programming) and encompass equally crucial nonfunctional qualities such as security, performance, availability, and fault tolerance. A pivotal challenge, then, is to provide techniques to routinely construct systems that have predictable nonfunctional quality. These techniques impose constraints on the problem being solved and on the form solutions can take. This technical note shows how smart constraints can be embedded in software infrastructure, so that systems conforming to those constraints are …

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Performance Property Theories For Predictable Assembly From Certifiable Components (Pacc), Scott A. Hissam, Mark H. Klein, John Lehoczky, Paulo Merson, Gabriel A. Moreno, Kurt C. Wallnau Aug 2004

Performance Property Theories For Predictable Assembly From Certifiable Components (Pacc), Scott A. Hissam, Mark H. Klein, John Lehoczky, Paulo Merson, Gabriel A. Moreno, Kurt C. Wallnau

Gabriel A. Moreno

This report develops a queueing-theoretic solution to predict, for a real-time system, the average-case latency of aperiodic tasks managed by a sporadic server. The report applies this theory to a model problem drawn in the domain of industrial robot control. In this model problem, a controller with hard periodic deadlines is “open” to third-party plug-in extensions. The sporadic server is used to limit the invasiveness of aperiodic tasks on the controller’s hard deadlines. The theory developed in this report is used to predict the average- case latency of a plug-in managed by a sporadic server.

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Enabling Predictable Assembly, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno, Judith Stafford, Kurt C. Wallnau Feb 2003

Enabling Predictable Assembly, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno, Judith Stafford, Kurt C. Wallnau

Gabriel A. Moreno

Demands for increased functionality, better quality, and faster time-to-market in software products continue to increase. Component-based development is the software industry’s response to these demands. The industry has developed technologies such as EJB and CORBA to assemble components that are created in isolation. Component technologies available today allow designers to plug components together, but do little to allow the developer to reason about how well they will play together. Predictable assembly focuses on issues related to assembling component-based systems that predictably meet their quality attribute requirements. This paper introduces prediction-enabled component technology (PECT) as a means of packaging predictable assembly …

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Predictable Assembly Of Substation Automation Systems: An Experiment Report, Scott A. Hissam, John Hudak, James Ivers, Mark H. Klein, Magnus Larsson, Gabriel A. Moreno, Linda M. Northrop, Daniel Plakosh, Judith Stafford, Kurt C. Wallnau, William G. Wood Aug 2002

Predictable Assembly Of Substation Automation Systems: An Experiment Report, Scott A. Hissam, John Hudak, James Ivers, Mark H. Klein, Magnus Larsson, Gabriel A. Moreno, Linda M. Northrop, Daniel Plakosh, Judith Stafford, Kurt C. Wallnau, William G. Wood

Gabriel A. Moreno

The Predictable Assembly from Certifiable Components (PACC) Initiative at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) is developing methods and technologies for predictable assembly. A software development activity that builds systems from components is predictable if the runtime behavior of an assembly of components can be predicted from known properties of components and their patterns of interactions (connections), and if these predictions can be objectively validated. A component is certifiable if these known properties can be obtained or validated by independent third parties. The SEI's technical approach to PACC rests on prediction-enabled component technology (PECT). At the highest level, PECT is a …

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Packaging And Deploying Predictable Assembly, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno, Judith Stafford, Kurt C. Wallnau May 2002

Packaging And Deploying Predictable Assembly, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno, Judith Stafford, Kurt C. Wallnau

Gabriel A. Moreno

Significant economic and technical benefits accrue from the use of pre-existing and commercially available software components to develop new systems. However, challenges remain that, if not adequately addressed, will slow the adoption of software component technology. Chief among these are a lack of consumer trust in the quality of components, and a lack of trust in the quality of assemblies of components without extensive and expensive testing. This paper describes predictionenabled component technology (PECT). A PECT results from integrating component technology with analysis models. An analysis model permits analysis and prediction of assembly-level properties prior to component composition, and, perhaps, …

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Statistical Models For Empirical Component Properties And Assembly-Level Property Predictions: Toward Standard Labeling, Gabriel A. Moreno, Scott A. Hissam, Kurt C. Wallnau Apr 2002

Statistical Models For Empirical Component Properties And Assembly-Level Property Predictions: Toward Standard Labeling, Gabriel A. Moreno, Scott A. Hissam, Kurt C. Wallnau

Gabriel A. Moreno

One risk inherent in the use of software components has been that the behavior of assemblies of components is discovered only after their integration. The objective of our work is to enable designers to use known (and certified) component properties as parameters to models that can be used to predict assembly-level properties. Our concern in this paper is with empirical component properties and compositional reasoning, rather than formal properties and reasoning. Empirical component properties must be measured; assessing the effectiveness of predictions based on these properties also involves measurement. This, in turn, introduces systematic and random measurement error. As a …

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Packaging Predictable Assembly With Prediction-Enabled Component Technology, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno, Judith Stafford, Kurt C. Wallnau Oct 2001

Packaging Predictable Assembly With Prediction-Enabled Component Technology, Scott A. Hissam, Gabriel A. Moreno, Judith Stafford, Kurt C. Wallnau

Gabriel A. Moreno

This report describes the use of prediction-enabled component technology (PECT) as a means of packaging predictable assembly as a deployable product. A PECT results from integrating a component technology with one or more analysis technologies. Analysis technologies allow analysis and prediction of assembly-level properties prior to component assembly, and, presumably, prior to component acquisition. Analysis technologies also identify required component properties and their certifiable descriptions. This report describes the major structures of a PECT. It then discusses the means of validating the predictive powers of a PECT so that consumers may obtain measurably bounded trust in design-time predictions. Last, it …

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Applicability Of General Scenarios To The Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method, Len Bass, Mark H. Klein, Gabriel A. Moreno Sep 2001

Applicability Of General Scenarios To The Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method, Len Bass, Mark H. Klein, Gabriel A. Moreno

Gabriel A. Moreno

The SEI has been developing a list of scenarios to characterize quality attributes. The SEI has also been conducting Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAM) evaluations. One output of an ATAM evaluation is a collection of scenarios that relate to quality attribute requirements for the specific system being evaluated. In this report, we compare the scenarios elicited from five ATAM evaluations with the scenarios used to characterize the quality attributes. This effort was designed to validate the coverage of the existing set of general scenarios and to analyze trends in the risks uncovered in ATAM reports.

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