Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

A Study Of The Infrared Spectra Of A Group Of Hydroxyalkylamine Hydrochlorides, Lawrence Ingram Briel

Master's Theses

The infrared spectra ot twenty amine bydroohlorides were obtained with the Perkin-Elmer Model 21 recording spectrophotometer. The positions of the absorption bands were compared with literature values for pertinent structural group frequencies. A system of coding the spectral data was devised so that an IBM 1620 digital computer could make the comparisons for a large number of' group frequencies. Good agreement was observed between the positions of the absorption bands in the experimental spectra and those of pertinent group frequencies reported in the literature.

Of the ten symmetrical diamines which were studied, six contained the primary hydroxyl group. Two …

The Pyrolysis Of Menthol, John James Westbrook Iii

Master's Theses

Research on the pyrolysis or organic compounds has received an increasing amount of attention in recent years. The pyrolysis of terpene hydrocarbons has been of interest primarily because of their wide-spread and abundant natural occurrence. In addition terpenes have been investigated because of their interesting stereochemistry.

Menthol is a C₁₀ monocyolic terpene alcohol. Its thermal decomposition at temperatures greater than 500°C has not been investigated previously because of inadequate methods of analysis.

The pyrolysis of other terpene hydrocarbons has revealed new routes to useful intermediates from relatively cheap source materials. Menthol, however, has never been considered as a possibility …

"Equilibria In Solution" : 2,2,8,8-Tetrakishydroxymethyl-3, 7-Diaza-1, 5,9 -Nonanetriol And 2,2,8,8-Tetramethyl-3, 7-Diaza-5-Nonaneol With Copper (Ii), Ronald Weston Davis

Master's Theses

The chelating agents, 2, 2, 8, 8-Tetrakishydroxymethyl1-3, 7-diaza-1, 5, 9-nonanetriol (''Disec") and 2, 2, 8 ,8-Tetramethyl1-3, 7-diaza-5-nonaneol ("Symaminol") were prepared and investigated with respect to their Basicity and Stability Constants.

The compound, "Disec," investigated in earlier work was again studied using more precise and controlled conditions of temperature (30.000 + - 0.002°C), measured pH readings and volume readings.

Tbe compound, "Symaminol," was prepared in the laboratory and studied in the same manner as "Disec." Examination of the literature yielded no evidence of "Symaminol" having been previously investigated.

By means of a digital computer, the data was correlated in a manner …

Mass Spectra Correlations And The Appearance Potentials Of The Major Tobacco Alkaloids, William Frederick Kuhn

Master's Theses

The main objectives of this investigation were three­ fold: (1) to design and fabricate a heated inlet system for the mass spectrometer; (2) to obtain the mass spectra of the major tobacco alkaloids under normal operating conditions; and ( 3) to determine the ionization potentials of the alkaloids as well as the appearance potentials of some of the major fragment ions derived from the alkaloids.

The mass spectrometer is designed to analyze only materials in the vapor state . Since some materials do not exert sufficient vapor pressure at room temperature under reduced pressure to be analyzed directly, it is …

Characterization And Determination Of Aldehydes By The Ultraviolet Spectral Changes Resulting From Acetal Formation, Edwin Patrick Crowell

Master's Theses

Aldehydes are a very important group of organic compounds because they have been round to contribute t the flavor and odor of many foods and plants . To the organic chemist, aldehydes are important because of their reactivity and interesting chemistry.

Because aldehydes are so prevalent in natural products and because they have . wide use in industrial and synthetic chemistry, their analytical chemistry is extensive . Despite this, there is still a need for rapid, simple, and general procedure for characterization or aldehydes that is not subject to extensive interferences.

The primary purpose of this study was to develop …

Low Temperature Infrared Cell And Its Application In Isoprene And Nitrogen Dioxide Reaction Studies, Gunars Vilcins

Master's Theses

The purpose of this research was to explore the application of low temperature infrared spectroscopy to the study of several chemical problems. In particular the following items were investigated:

1. The design, manufacture, and operation of a low temperature optical cell suitable for infrared spectroscopic studies or gas-solid samples at liquid nitrogen temperature (-196°c) and above.

2. The recording and study of the infrared spectra or nitrogen dioxide and isoprene at 25°c and at lower temperatures.

3. A preliminary study of the reaction between nitrogen dioxide and isoprene at various temperatures using infrared techniques.

In recent years infrared studies have …

Analysis Of Scintillation Pulse Shapes For Stilbene Using Neutron And Gamma-Ray Excitation, Roland Lee Bowles

Master's Theses

In experimental nuclear physics it is often desirable to detect neutrons in the presence of a heavy gemna-ray background. This situation presents a problem since neutron counters also respond to gamma radiation. However, recently it has been shown that the scintillation counter employing an organic crystal scintillator and pulse-shape discrimination may well furnish the solution to this problem.

Polysubstituted Piperazinethiocarboxamides, Donald W. Kreh

Master's Theses

Thiourea and its derivatives have found wide application in dyes, photographic film, elastomers, plastics and textiles. Certain thioureas possess biological properties and considerable work has been done in this area. The historical portion of this paper is divided into biological and non-biological properties of thioureas. In the literature search, primary importance was given to the biological properties of thioureas. The objective of the experimental work was to prepare compounds having potential pharmacological activity and to determine the physical constants of these compounds.

Coordination Of 2, 8- Bishydroxymethyl - 2, Elements Of The First Transition Series, Charles Edward O'Rear

Master's Theses

The preparation and study of 2, 8-bishydroxymethyl-2, 8-dimethyl-3, 7-diaza-1,5,9-nonanetriol with ions of the first transition series have been investigated. Spectrophotometric studies of solutions of this compound with Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions gave evidence of the formation of complexes containing one mole of ligand per metal ion throughout a wide pH range. The Cu(II) complex, the yellow colored Fe(III) complex formed at high pH, and the light blue colored Ni(II) complex have remained stable over several months. The red colored Ni(II) complex changes slowly into a more stable greenish-yellow complex. The ligand formed weaker complexes with Co(II) and Mn(II). Data from …

An Investigation Of The Analysis Of Turpentine By Gas Chromatography, John R. Wagner

Master's Theses

The development of gas chromatography and the publication of data on terpene analysis by this method has lead to this attempt to analyze turpentine by gas chromatography. The work has been limited to Gum Spirits of Turpentine and Steam Distilled Wood Turpentine since these are of chief importance and are the only types commonly retailed in small packages.

There have been three objectives:

1. To develop a method based on gas chromatography for distinguishing between Steam Distilled Wood Turpentine and Gum Spirits of Turpentine, and detection of mixtures and adulteration.

2. To identify as many components of the two turpentines …

A Study Of The Curcumin Method For Boron Determination, James Edward Hardcastle

Master's Theses

The purpose of the research project, of which this thesis is a partial report, was two fold: first, to develop a method for determining small quantities of boron, and second, to develop a rapid field test for the determination of atmospheric boron. A literature survey revealed that the curcumin method is the most sensitive colorimetric method presently available for boron determination. Also, the curcumin paper test should be readily adapted to the determination of atmospheric boron.

The Chelation Of Cu(Ii) With 1, 3-Bis(Tris(Hydroxymethyl)Methylamino)-2-Propanol And 1, 3-Bis (2-Hydroxyethylamino)-2-Propanol, David Andrew Jackson Jr.

Master's Theses

The chelating agent 1, 3-bis(2-hydroxyethylamino)-2-propanol dihydro­chloride was prepared and preliminary examinations of the Cu(ll) and Fe(lll) complexes were carried out spectrophotometrically. This dihydrochloride as well as 1, 3 bis(tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino)-2-propanol dihydrochloride. were converted from the chloride salts to their corresponding ammonium bases. The conversion was carried out by passing an aqueous solution of each chloride salt through an ion exchange column containing Amberlite XE-78 resin.

Solutions of these bases were standardized for use in potentiometric titration&. Each ammonium base was titrated with standard perchloric acid at 20°C, 30°C, and 40°C. The dissociation constants. were calculated using these data. Aqueous solutions of …

Preparation Of Elemental Boron And Measurement Of Its Emittance At Incandescent Temperatures, Claude P. Talley

Master's Theses

The normal spectral emittance at 0. 65 microns of elemental boron specimens was measured at incandescent temperatures by the hollow-tube method, This was made possible by depositing boron onto thin-walled hollow tubes of graphite and molybdenum. An approximate value of the total hemispherical emittance for boron was also obtained. The deposition of boron was accomplished by chemical vapor plating with boron tribromide and hydrogen. The boron produced was characterized in several ways.

The Development Of Nickel Electrodeposits On Copper Monocrystals As Studied With The Electron Microscope, Lucille Burnett Garmon

Master's Theses

Important theoretical and experimental developments in the field of electrocrystallization on single crystals are briefly reviewed and new data presented. The deposition of nickel from a Watts-type bath onto electrolytically polished mono crystals of copper is the system chosen for study. Various aspects of the structural changes in the deposit with increasing thickness are considered. The electron microscope is the main tool employed and the deposit is studied by detaching it from the basis metal as well as by the use of surface replicas. Short backgrounds in crystallography and electron microscopy are included.

A Chromatographic Study Of The Polyphenols In Cured Tobacco, Marvin Dennis Edmonds

Master's Theses

The object of this project was to isolate, separate, and identify the polyphenols in tobacco. Following this, the aim was to develop a method for the quantitative determination of the major polyphenols in tobacco.

Existing methods for the determination of polyphenols in tobacco involve lengthy procedures which are concerned with one or two of the polyphenols rather than the· complete class of compounds. The methods consist of exhaustive extraction procedures, lengthy chromatographic procedures and numerous methods of identification.

Extensive research on the determination of polyphenols by chromatography has been carried out in the field of tobacco and in other fields. …

Substituted Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chlorides, Lawrence Donald Hanback

Master's Theses

The work in this thesis is a continuation of a project started at the University of Richmond in 1952 by A. G. Richardson under the directorship of Dr. J. S. Pierce and Dr. George z.Williams, Director of Clinical Pathology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

The purpose of the research was to prepare triphenyl tetrazolium salts, substituted, particularly in the ortho and para positions, with various electron accepting and electron donating groups. It was hoped that these substitutions would impart enough differences in the properties of the compounds so as to allow d etection of certain biological reactions. The tetrazolium …

Spectrophotometric Study Of The Boron- Curcumin System, Frank Xavier Pollio

Master's Theses

In the present research project an attempt has been made to determine the mechanism of the reaction followed in the curcumin spectrophotometric method for boron determination using a modification of Naf'tel's method.

Spectrophotometric Study Of The Boron-Curcumin System, Frank Xavier Polio

Master's Theses

With mechanism and structure in mind, the aim of this research project was to investigate the role played by the various reagents used in the curcumin spectrophotometric method. The reagents were used in varied concentrations and at times some eliminated entirely, in the hope that a greater understanding be gained in the overall mechanism followed by the reaction.

One of the major objectives was to try to determine the structure of the colored substance formed in the reaction. A step towards this goal was gained by obtaining molar ratios of the entities suspected to be an intricate part of the …

Adsorption Studies Of Organic Compounds On The Hydrogen Electrode Using A Microcoulometric Technique, Philip Lamar Oglesby

Master's Theses

This work was concerned with the adsorption of various organic compounds and their effect on the hydrogen electrode where adsorption is defined as the accumulation of a chemical substance at the boundary separating two phases. In this case, the two phases were the electrode and the ionic solution surrounding it.

The Dipole Moments Of A Series Of N, N-Diphenylbenzamides, James William Cooke

Master's Theses

In recent years amides have been used in synthetic fibers, plastics and in medicinal chemistry. Under­ standably, the literature contains many preparations and reactions of unsubstituted, monosubstituted and disubstituted amides, however, their structure has received very little attention. The information avail­ able on the amide group structure originates from studies made on the unsubstituted and mono substituted compounds. The phenomenon of association of the amides has received considerable attention.

Tetrazolium Salts, Andrew Garnett Richardson

Master's Theses

Tetrazolium salts, as the name indicates, are quartenary. Substitution is possible on positions 2, 3, and 5 of the ring as is shown in type formula (I). When these substituent groups are bifunctional ditetrazolium salts of types (II), (III), and (IV) result. Compounds bridged at both R' and R'' at the same time are theoretical possible, but no such cases have been reported, probably on account of the practical limitations of synthesis. The anion, which is indicated by X, may be halide, sulfate, acetate, picrate, succinate, thiocyanate, or practically any atom or group capable of existing as a negative ion.

Chelation Of The Transition Metal Ions With A Series Of Polyhodrozyamine Compounds, William Percy Moore

Master's Theses

Chelation was reviewed with emphasis on the work done by contemporary workers.

The following polyhydroxyamine compounds were synthesized, purified and· analyzed:

1,2-bis[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]ethane dihydrochloride

1,3-b1s[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]propane dihydrochloride

1,3-b1s[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]-2-propanone dihydrochloride

1,2,3-tris[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino)propane tri­ hydrochloride

The latter two compounds have not been reported in the literature.

Chelates were prepared by reacting the above compounds, and 1-3bis[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]-2-propanol dihydrochloride ("disec") and the "disec" free base, with the ions of the first transition metals. Stability cons­tants were obtained where appreciable coordination occurred before precipitation of the metallic ion took place . A list of the metal ions studied with one or more chelating agents follows: Cu⁺², …

A Study Of The Chelation Of 1,3-Bis-(Tris-(Hydroxymethyl)-Methylamino)-2-Propanol Dihydrochloride With Copper (Ii), Nickel (Ii), Cobalt (Ii), Velta Erdmanis

Master's Theses

In this study 1,3-bis-(tris-(hydroxymethyl)-methyl­ amino)-2-prapanol dihydrochloride chelates with calcium, manganous, cobaltous, nickelous, cupric and zinc ions were investigated.

Potentiometric titrations were performed to obtain information about the stability of the chelates formed. Calcium and manganous ions showed little chelating ability. Cobaltous, nickelous, cupric and zinc ions formed stable chelates when the ratio of the chelating agent Concentration to the metal ion concentration was 1:1 or larger.

Job 's method of continuous variations was used for determining the composition of the cupric, nickelous and cobaltous chelates and it was found that these metal ions form a 1:1 chelate with l,3-bis-(tris-(hydroxymethyl)­ methyl …

A Study Of The Chelation Of 1,3-Bis (Tris (Hydroxymethyl) Methylamino) 2-Propanol With Iron (Iii), Jane Bell Grinnan Gladding

Master's Theses

The element Iron is so important that a major era of history bore its name. Its magnetic and metallic properties have long been studied and used. It is also well known that iron. is the cental element in the oxygen-carrying compound hemo­ globin and therefore essential to life. Its biological importance is also evidenced by its presence in the cytochrome oxidases . These important biochemical compounds are iron chelates

Fundamental research with iron chelates may therefore shed light on the operations of certain enzyme systems, drugs and poisons. Analytical chemistry and the dye industry have used chelate compounds for many …

A Polarographic Study Of Respiration In A Blue-Green Alga, Samuel Leonard Cooke Jr.

Master's Theses

The study of many aspects of physiology is accomplished by the study of respiration under varied conditions. For this purpose, a simple, rapid, and relatively accurate respirometer would be useful. This project was undertaken to investigate the possibility of adapting previously described polarographic techniques to the measurement of respiration.

A Colorimetric Coulometer, Clayton C. Roth

Master's Theses

In the study of many electrochemical processes, such as, surface adsorption on electrodes, a simple, rapid, and relatively accurate coulometer that will measure .01 to 1.0 coulombs, would be extremely useful. This project was commenced to investigate the feasibility of an entirely different approach for coulometric analysis for application in this range.

This new type of coulometer utilizes a colorimeter for determining the amount of coulombs passed through coulometer cell. Consequently, any electrode process which of its own nature is color-producing, or a process which, in turn, can actuate a color indicator, is a potential reaction for this colorimetric couloumeter.

A Microcoulometric Study Of Adsorption On The Hydrogen Electrode, Ray Douglas Sothern

Master's Theses

Thie work was begun with the intention of studying the adsorption of organic compounds upon the hydrogen electrode. The fact that certain substances, even when present in extremely low concentration, will poison the electrode with which they are in contact shows clearly that these substances must be strongly adsorbed on the electrode surface. The problem or determining the amount absorbed at various concentration, temperatures, and pressures, however, required a method capable of detecting quantities of adsorbate in the ordor of 10^-11 moles.

Some Reductions Of Substituted Benzalacetophenones By Aluminum Isopropoxide And Lithium Aluminum Hydride, Calvin Lyndall Fisher

Master's Theses

While the literature contains a lnrge volume of material on the reduction of carbonyl compounds, the historical section of this thesis will be chiefly con­cerned with the reduction of -- unsaturated carbonyl compounds by catalytic hydrogenation, metal combinations, aluminum alkoxides and by lithium aluminum hydride.

The purpose of this thesis is to study the effect various substituents have on a conjugated system when the system is undergoing reduction by lithium aluminum hydride.

2-Pyrrolidinoethyl Esters Of Para Alkoxybenzoic And Para Alkox Alkoxycinnamic Acids, Michael James Fletcher

Master's Theses

One of the most important groups of local anesthetics is the class of alkyl and dialkylaminoalkyl esters of aromatic acids. Of these compounds, the diethylaminoethyl esters are particularly valuable.

It is obvious that pyrrolidine is merely a modified form of diethylamine. The purpose of this work is to learn the effect of substituting the N-pyrrolidyl nucleus for the diethyl amino nucleus in various esters of the local anesthetic type.

Phase Behavior Of Sodium Stearate In Anhydrous Cyclohexane, Walter Edward Reid Jr.

Master's Theses

Soap solutions, aqueous and non-aqueous, are characteristic in that they firm colloidal systems at certain concentrations, the properties of which are influenced by temperature and pressure. Application of the Gibbs phase rule to such systems makes possible the location of the various phases of a particular system and hence enables phase diagrams to be constructed. For systems of soap-hydrocarbons such as are found in fuels, beauty preparations, greases, medical preparations, etc., a phase diagram would show very readily the most satisfactory composition for the conditions desired.