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Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™
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Articles 31 - 45 of 45
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A Mathematical Exploration Of Low-Dimensional Black Holes, Abigail Lauren Stevens
A Mathematical Exploration Of Low-Dimensional Black Holes, Abigail Lauren Stevens
Senior Projects Spring 2011
In this paper we will be mathematically exploring low-dimensional gravitational physics and, more specifically, what it tells us about low-dimensional black holes and if there exists a Schwarzschild solution to Einstein's field equation in 2+1 dimensions. We will be starting with an existing solution in 3+1 dimensions, and then reconstructing the classical and relativistic arguments for 2+1 dimensions. Our conclusion is that in 2+1 dimensions, the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein's field equation is non-singular, and therefore it does not yield a black hole. While we still arrive at conic orbits, the relationship between Minkowski-like and Newtonian forces, energies, and geodesics …
Gravity Couplings In The Standard-Model Extension, Quentin G. Bailey
Gravity Couplings In The Standard-Model Extension, Quentin G. Bailey
Publications
The Standard-Model Extension (SME) is an action-based expansion describing general Lorentz violation for known matter and fields, including gravity. In this talk, I will discuss the Lorentz-violating gravity couplings in the SME. Toy models that match the SME expansion, including vector and two-tensor models, are reviewed. Finally I discuss the status of experiments and observations probing gravity coefficients for Lorentz violation.
Neutrosophic Physics: More Problems, More Solutions, Florentin Smarandache
Neutrosophic Physics: More Problems, More Solutions, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
When considering the laws of theoretical physics, one of the physicists says that these laws – the actual expressions of the laws of mathematics and logics being applied to physical phenomena – should be limited according to the physical meaning we attribute to the phenomena. In other word, there is an opinion that a theoretical physicist should put some limitations onto mathematics, in order to “reduce” it to the observed reality. No doubt, we can do it. However, if following this way, we would arrive at only mathematical models of already known physical phenomena. Of course, this might be useful …
Lorentz Violation And Gravity, Quentin G. Bailey
Lorentz Violation And Gravity, Quentin G. Bailey
Publications
In the last decade, a variety of high-precision experiments have searched for miniscule violations of Lorentz symmetry. These searches are largely motivated by the possibility of uncovering experimental signatures from a fundamental unified theory. Experimental results are reported in the framework called the Standard-Model Extension (SME), which describes general Lorentz violation for each particle species in terms of its coefficients for Lorentz violation. Recently, the role of gravitational experiments in probing the SME has been explored in the literature. In this talk, I will summarize theoretical and experimental aspects of these works. I will also discuss recent lunar laser ranging …
Begin The Adventure : How To Break The Light Barrier By A.D. 2079 (3rd Ed.), Florentin Smarandache, Homer B. Tilton
Begin The Adventure : How To Break The Light Barrier By A.D. 2079 (3rd Ed.), Florentin Smarandache, Homer B. Tilton
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
This edition, the third, has undergone a subtle name change, going from "A.D. 2070" in the title to A.D. 2079 as the timeline is fine-tuned. Because of the almost universal failure to recognize the distinction between physical (reality-based, dynamical) and visual (appearance-based, kinematical) variables, a tremendous volume of mythology arose over the past 100 years centered around Einstein's reality view of the distortions of special relativity. To get a sense of it, we point the reader to Paul J. Nahin's heroic book, Time Machines, 2nd ed.,- to these Tech Notes in particular: TN#6. "A High-Speed Rocket Is a One-Way Time …
Large Scale Structure As A Probe Of Gravitational Slip, Scott F. Daniel, Robert R. Caldwell, Asantha Cooray, Alessandro Melchiorri
Large Scale Structure As A Probe Of Gravitational Slip, Scott F. Daniel, Robert R. Caldwell, Asantha Cooray, Alessandro Melchiorri
Dartmouth Scholarship
A new time-dependent, scale-independent parameter, ϖ, is employed in a phenomenological model of the deviation from general relativity in which the Newtonian and longitudinal gravitational potentials slip apart on cosmological scales as dark energy, assumed to be arising from a new theory of gravitation, appears to dominate the Universe. A comparison is presented between ϖ and other parametrized post-Friedmannian models in the literature. The effect of ϖ on the cosmic microwave background anisotropy spectrum, the growth of large-scale structure, the galaxy weak-lensing correlation function, and cross correlations of cosmic microwave background anisotropy with galaxy clustering are illustrated. Cosmological models with …
Gravitational Forces In Vectorial Relativity, Jorge A. Franco
Gravitational Forces In Vectorial Relativity, Jorge A. Franco
Jorge A Franco
It is known that Kepler’s Laws can be derived from the Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation. For doing this, mass is considered as an invariable parameter. Although this consideration works wonderfully to solve most of problems in astronomy calculations, as well as in all physics, when astral body’s speeds are so high and very precise measurements are required, the referred Kepler Laws do not cope enough what is expected. That’s why the General Theory of Relativity materialized. As it was indirectly pointed out by Einstein in 1905, Newton and Kepler Laws do not consider the relativistic variation of mass with …
Sudden Gravitational Transition, Robert R. Caldwell, William Komp, Leonard Parker, Daniel A. T. Vanzella
Sudden Gravitational Transition, Robert R. Caldwell, William Komp, Leonard Parker, Daniel A. T. Vanzella
Dartmouth Scholarship
We investigate the properties of a cosmological scenario which undergoes a gravitational phase transition at late times. In this scenario, the Universe evolves according to general relativity in the standard, hot big bang picture until a redshift z≲1. Nonperturbative phenomena associated with a minimally-coupled scalar field catalyzes a transition, whereby an order parameter consisting of curvature quantities such as R2, RabRab, RabcdRabcd acquires a constant expectation value. The ensuing cosmic acceleration appears driven by a dark-energy component with an equation-of-state w<−1. We evaluate the constraints from type 1a supernovae, the cosmic microwave background, and other cosmological observations. We find that a range of models making a sharp transition to cosmic acceleration are consistent with observations.
Unfolding The Labyrinth: Open Problems In Physics, Mathematics, Astrophysics, And Other Areas Of Science, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto, Fu Yuhua, Radi Khrapko, John Hutchison
Unfolding The Labyrinth: Open Problems In Physics, Mathematics, Astrophysics, And Other Areas Of Science, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto, Fu Yuhua, Radi Khrapko, John Hutchison
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
The reader will find herein a collection of unsolved problems in mathematics and the physical sciences. Theoretical and experimental domains have each been given consideration. The authors have taken a liberal approach in their selection of problems and questions, and have not shied away from what might otherwise be called speculative, in order to enhance the opportunities for scientific discovery. Progress and development in our knowledge of the structure, form and function of the Universe, in the true sense of the word, its beauty and power, and its timeless presence and mystery, before which even the greatest intellect is awed …
Neutrosophic Methods In General Relativity, Florentin Smarandache, Dmitri Rabounski, Larissa Borissova
Neutrosophic Methods In General Relativity, Florentin Smarandache, Dmitri Rabounski, Larissa Borissova
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this work the authors apply concepts of Neutrosophic Logic to the General Theory of Relativity to obtain a generalisation of Einstein’s fourdimensional pseudo-Riemannian differentiable manifold in terms of Smarandache Geometry (Smarandache manifolds), by which new classes of relativistic particles and non-quantum teleportation are developed. Fundamental features of Neutrosophic Logic are its denial of the Law of Excluded Middle, and open (or estimated) levels of truth, falsity and indeterminancy. Both Neutrosophic Logic and Smarandache Geometry were invented some years ago by one of the authors (F. Smarandache). The application of these purely mathematical theories to General Relativity reveals hitherto unknown …
Fluctuations In Finite-N Equilibrium Stellar Systems, Md Weinberg
Fluctuations In Finite-N Equilibrium Stellar Systems, Md Weinberg
Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series
Gravitational amplification of Poisson noise in stellar systems is important on large scales. For example, it increases the dipole noise power by roughly a factor of 6 and the quadrupole noise by 50 per cent for a King model profile. The dipole noise is amplified by a factor of 15 for the core-free Hernquist model. The predictions are computed by summing over the wakes caused by each star in the system — the dressed-particle formalism of Rostoker & Rosenbluth — and are demonstrated by N-body simulation. This result implies that a collisionless N-body simulation is impossible; the fluctuation noise which …
Fluctuations In Finite N Equilibrium Stellar Systems, Martin D. Weinberg
Fluctuations In Finite N Equilibrium Stellar Systems, Martin D. Weinberg
Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series
Gravitational amplification of Poisson noise in stellar systems is important on large scales. For example, it increases the dipole noise power by roughly a factor of six and the quadrupole noise by 50% for a King model profile. The dipole noise is amplified by a factor of fifteen for the core-free Hernquist model. The predictions are computed using the dressed-particle formalism of Rostoker & Rosenbluth (1960) and are demonstrated by n-body simulation. This result implies that a collisionless n-body simulation is impossible; The fluctuation noise which causes relaxation is an intrinic part of self gravity. In other words, eliminating two-body …
Main Sequence Masses And Radii From Gravitational Redshifts, Ted Von Hippel
Main Sequence Masses And Radii From Gravitational Redshifts, Ted Von Hippel
Publications
Modern instrumentation makes it possible to measure the mass to radius ratio for main sequence stars in open clusters from gravitational redshifts. For stars where independent information is available for either the mass or the radius, this application of general relativity directly determines the other quantity. Applicable examples are: 1) measuring the radii of solar metallicity main sequence stars for which the mass - luminosity relation is well known, 2) measuring the radii for stars where model atmospheres can be used to determine the surface gravity (the mass to radius squared ratio), 3) refining the mass - radius relation for …
Uv Observations Of The Cool Dbqa5 White Dwarf Lds 678a - Limits On The Atmospheric Composition, Pressure Shift, And Gravitational Redshift Derived From C I 2479, Terry D. Oswalt, Edward M. Sion, Gordon Hammond, Gerard Vauclair, James W. Liebert, Gary Wegner
Uv Observations Of The Cool Dbqa5 White Dwarf Lds 678a - Limits On The Atmospheric Composition, Pressure Shift, And Gravitational Redshift Derived From C I 2479, Terry D. Oswalt, Edward M. Sion, Gordon Hammond, Gerard Vauclair, James W. Liebert, Gary Wegner
Dartmouth Scholarship
A high-resolution ultraviolet spectrum of the helium-rich degenerate LDS 678A, obtained with the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) satellite, is presented. LDS 678A is the coolest metallic line degenerate (DQ or DZ) yet observed with the IUE echelle. These observations provide a detailed line profile of the strong C I 2479 absorption line and equivalent width W2479 = 2.35 + or - 0.06 A from which theoretical profile fits yield a carbon abundance of log C/He = (-6.7 + or- 0.2). The presence of carbon in a He-rich atmosphere lends credence to the notion that LDS 678A is a transitional case …
The Structure Of The Universe: Being A Presentation Of Professor Osborne Reynolds' Theory Of Gravitation, John Mackenzie
The Structure Of The Universe: Being A Presentation Of Professor Osborne Reynolds' Theory Of Gravitation, John Mackenzie
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
No abstract provided.