Translational Medical Research | Open Access Articles

Regulation Of Pten Inhibition By The Pleckstrin Homology Domain Of P-Rex2 During Insulin Signaling And Glucose Homeostasis, Cindy Hodakoski, Benjamin D. Hopkins, Douglas Barrows, Sarah M. Mense, Megan Keniry, Karen E. Anderson, Philip A. Kern, Phillip T. Hawkins, Len R. Stephens, Ramon Parsons

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

Insulin activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling regulates glucose homeostasis through the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). The dual-specificity phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) blocks PI3K signaling by dephosphorylating PIP3, and is inhibited through its interaction with phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 2 (P-REX2). The mechanism of inhibition and its physiological significance are not known. Here, we report that P-REX2 interacts with PTEN via two interfaces. The pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of P-REX2 inhibits PTEN by interacting with the catalytic region of PTEN, and the inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase domain of P-REX2 provides high-affinity binding to the postsynaptic …

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Acceptance Of Disability And Its Predictors Among Stroke Patients In Taiwan, Shan-Yun Chiu, Hanoch Livneh, Long-Lung Tsao, Tzung-Yi Tsai

Counselor Education Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Modern medicine has increased the survival rate for stroke patients; however, the patient’s psychosocial adaptation after stroke onset may be related to the clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate patients’ acceptance of disability (AOD) and its predictors in stroke patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a purposive sampling method to recruit 175 stroke patients from a hospital in southern Taiwan. A structured questionnaire gathered data on respondent demographics and disease characteristics, and included the Chinese version of the AOD Scale-Revised. Factors associated with AOD were examined by a multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The mean AOD score was …

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Expert–Novice Differences In Mental Models Of Viruses, Vaccines, And The Causes Of Infectious Disease, Benjamin D. Jee, David H. Uttal, Amy N. Spiegel, Judy Diamond

World of Viruses

Humans are exposed to viruses everywhere they live, play, and work. Yet people’s beliefs about viruses may be confused or inaccurate, potentially impairing their understanding of scientific information. This study used semi-structured interviews to examine people’s beliefs about viruses, vaccines, and the causes of infectious disease. We compared people at different levels of science expertise: middle school students, teachers, and professional virologists. The virologists described more entities involved in microbiological processes, how these entities behaved, and why. Quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed distinctions in the cognitive organization of several concepts, including infection and vaccination. For example, some students and teachers …

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids Reduce Adipose Tissue Macrophages In Human Subjects With Insulin Resistance, Michael Spencer, Brian S. Finlin, Resat Unal, Beibei Zhu, Andrew J. Morris, Lindsey R. Shipp, Jonah D. Lee, R. Grace Walton, Akosua Adu, Rod Erfani, Marilyn S. Campbell, Robert E. Mcgehee Jr., Charlotte A. Peterson, Philip A. Kern

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

Fish oils (FOs) have anti-inflammatory effects and lower serum triglycerides. This study examined adipose and muscle inflammatory markers after treatment of humans with FOs and measured the effects of ω-3 fatty acids on adipocytes and macrophages in vitro. Insulin-resistant, nondiabetic subjects were treated with Omega-3-Acid Ethyl Esters (4 g/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. Plasma macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) levels were reduced by FO, but the levels of other cytokines were unchanged. The adipose (but not muscle) of FO-treated subjects demonstrated a decrease in macrophages, a decrease in MCP-1, and an increase in capillaries, and subjects with the most …

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An Acacb Variant Implicated In Diabetic Nephropathy Associates With Body Mass Index And Gene Expression In Obese Subjects, Lijun Ma, Mariana Murea, James A. Snipes, Alejandra Marinelarena, Jacqueline Krüger, Pamela J. Hicks, Kurt A. Langberg, Meredith A. Bostrom, Jessica N. Cooke, Daisuke Suzuki, Tetsuya Babazono, Takashi Uzu, Sydney C. W. Tang, Ashis K. Mondal, Neeraj K. Sharma, Sayuko Kobes, Peter A. Antinozzi, Matthew Davis, Swapan K. Das, Neda Rasouli, Philip A. Kern, Nathan J. Shores, Lawrence L. Rudel, Matthias Blüher, Michael Stumvoll, Donald W. Bowden, Shiro Maeda, John S. Parks, Peter Kovacs, Robert L. Hanson, Steven C. Elbein, Barry I. Freedman

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase B gene (ACACB) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2268388 is reproducibly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM)-associated nephropathy (DN). ACACB knock-out mice are also protected from obesity. This study assessed relationships between rs2268388, body mass index (BMI) and gene expression in multiple populations, with and without T2DM. Among subjects without T2DM, rs2268388 DN risk allele (T) associated with higher BMI in Pima Indian children (n = 2021; p-additive = 0.029) and African Americans (AAs) (n = 177; p-additive = 0.05), with a trend in European Americans (EAs) (n = 512; p-additive = 0.09), but not …

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Full-Text Articles in Translational Medical Research

Regulation Of Pten Inhibition By The Pleckstrin Homology Domain Of P-Rex2 During Insulin Signaling And Glucose Homeostasis, Cindy Hodakoski, Benjamin D. Hopkins, Douglas Barrows, Sarah M. Mense, Megan Keniry, Karen E. Anderson, Philip A. Kern, Phillip T. Hawkins, Len R. Stephens, Ramon Parsons

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

Acceptance Of Disability And Its Predictors Among Stroke Patients In Taiwan, Shan-Yun Chiu, Hanoch Livneh, Long-Lung Tsao, Tzung-Yi Tsai

Counselor Education Faculty Publications and Presentations

Expert–Novice Differences In Mental Models Of Viruses, Vaccines, And The Causes Of Infectious Disease, Benjamin D. Jee, David H. Uttal, Amy N. Spiegel, Judy Diamond

World of Viruses

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications