Translational Medical Research Commons^™

The Effects Of Temperature And Seasons On Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue In Humans: Evidence For Thermogenic Gene Induction, Philip A. Kern, Brian S. Finlin, Beibei Zhu, Neda Rasouli, Robert E. Mcgehee Jr., Philip M. Westgate, Esther E. Dupont-Versteegden

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

Context: Although brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity is increased by a cold environment, little is known of the response of human white adipose tissue (WAT) to the cold.

Design: We examined both abdominal and thigh subcutaneous (SC) WAT from 71 subjects who were biopsied in the summer or winter, and adipose expression was assessed after an acute cold stimulus applied to the thigh of physically active young subjects.

Results: In winter, UCP1 and PGC1 α mRNA were increased 4 to 10-fold (p<0.05) and 1.5 to 2-fold, respectively, along with beige adipose markers, and UCP1 protein was 3-fold higher in the winter. The seasonal increase in abdominal SC WAT UCP1 mRNA was considerably diminished in subjects with a BMI > 30 kg/m², suggesting that dysfunctional WAT in obesity inhibits adipose thermogenesis. After applying an acute …

Pioglitazone Treatment Reduces Adipose Tissue Inflammation Through Reduction Of Mast Cell And Macrophage Number And By Improving Vascularity, Michael Spencer, Lin Yang, Akosua Adu, Brian S. Finlin, Beibei Zhu, Lindsey R. Shipp, Neda Rasouli, Charlotte A. Peterson, Philip A. Kern

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

Context and Objective: Adipose tissue in insulin resistant subjects contains inflammatory cells and extracellular matrix components. This study examined adipose pathology of insulin resistant subjects who were treated with pioglitazone or fish oil.

Design, Setting and Participants: Adipose biopsies were examined from nine insulin resistant subjects before/after treatment with pioglitazone 45 mg/day for 12 weeks and also from 19 subjects who were treated with fish oil (1,860 mg EPA, 1,500 mg DHA daily). These studies were performed in a clinical research center setting.

Results: Pioglitazone treatment increased the cross-sectional area of adipocytes by 18% (p = 0.01), and also increased …

Connecting Disciplines To Inform And Develop The Emerging Field Of Environmental Health Literacy, Anna G. Hoover

Anna G. Hoover

No abstract provided.

Communication Partnerships That Work: Translating Evidence-Based Health Research Into Practice, Angela Carman, Gretchen Holmes, Anna G. Hoover, Margaret Mcgladrey, Ernie Scott, Mary Tucker-Mclaughlin, Nancy Winterbauer

Anna G. Hoover

Healthcare and public health research ultimately seek to improve patient and population health. Unfortunately, more than a decade often passes before research findings become routinized in practice. Improving translational speed, reach, and efficacy requires partnerships among researchers, practitioners, community stakeholders, and communication scholars. This panel will be presenting two partnership models that work.

The University of Kentucky (UK) Center of Excellence in Rural Health (CERH) seeks to improve the health of rural Kentuckians through education, research, service, and community engagement. They do this by partnering with hospitals and clinics, health professionals, community service agencies, non-profits and other organizations. Panelists will …

Dissemination And Implementation Research: Connecting Interventions To Practice, Anna G. Hoover, Angela Carman

Anna G. Hoover

This presentation describes a pilot study to evaluate the complex relationships among organizational structure and characteristics, channel selection, and changes in uptake in the implementation of an evidence-based HPV vaccine intervention in Kentucky local health departments.

Emergency Nurses' Knowledge Of Pediatric Complaints, Kari J. Blackburn

DNP Projects

Each year there are more than 25 million pediatric emergency department (ED) visits, with 37-60% of the complaints being non-urgent (Brosseau, Hoffman, Nattinger, Flores, Zhang and Gorelick, 2007). Injury is the number one reason children present to the ED and is strongly associated with a complaint of pain (AHRQ, 2013). While pain is a high volume reason for visiting the ED, there are other presentation causes that may pose a high risk to pediatric patients. Nausea and vomiting is not typically viewed as a high risk complaint, yet there are some high risk etiologies resulting in nausea and vomiting that …

Primary And Secondary Prevention Of Hepatitis C Virus Among Rural Appalachian People Who Use Drugs, Dustin B. Stephens

Theses and Dissertations--Clinical and Translational Science

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with 3% of the global population chronically infected. Clinical impacts in the United States are projected to increase for two decades, and mortality attributed to HCV now exceeds HIV. Injection drug use (IDU) is the most common route of transmission in the developed world. Advances in treatment offer hope of mitigating HCV impacts, but substantial barriers obstruct people who inject drugs (PWID) from receiving care, particularly in medically underserved regions including Central Appalachia. This study assessed IDU paraphernalia sharing longitudinally over 24 months in a sample of …