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Articles 1 - 30 of 813
Full-Text Articles in Public Health
Access To Care And The Use Of Healthcare Services By Women In Rural Cameroon: A Participatory Action Research Study, Grace Tadzong-Awasum
Access To Care And The Use Of Healthcare Services By Women In Rural Cameroon: A Participatory Action Research Study, Grace Tadzong-Awasum
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Women in rural Cameroon do not access health care as timeously and as often as they should. They fail to get screened for common diseases, with the consequence that such diseases are often diagnosed at a very advanced stage. This accounts for the high morbidity and mortality rates as well as low life expectancy recorded among women. The purpose of this study was to explore and understand the health access experiences of women in rural Cameroon. Methodology: Participatory action research was used guided by a Focused ethnography in phase one. Twenty-five women aged 21-77 years were recruited through local the …
Adaptations Made To Evidence-Based Public Health Programs In Low- To Middle- Income Countries: A Concept Mapping Analysis, Elizabeth Holguin
Adaptations Made To Evidence-Based Public Health Programs In Low- To Middle- Income Countries: A Concept Mapping Analysis, Elizabeth Holguin
Nursing ETDs
One of the most challenging barriers to implementing successful and sustainable evidence-based programs in public health is the ability to remain faithful to original protocols grounded in scientific evidence while adapting programmatic components to reflect the reality of the communities they are meant to benefit. It is generally accepted that some degree of adaptation should occur in order to achieve positive, sustainable outcomes in public health programs. A concept mapping methodology was used to explore types of adaptation that occur during implementation of evidence-based global health programs in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs). Purposive and snowball sampling produced a sample …
Impact Of Technology On Improving Hiv And Tuberculosis Health Outcomes Among African Countries, Sunny Ibeneme
Impact Of Technology On Improving Hiv And Tuberculosis Health Outcomes Among African Countries, Sunny Ibeneme
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
This study used health analytics approach to evaluate the association between population health outcomes and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructures at a country level. This study used aggregate data obtained from the World Bank database, and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) database for 53 African countries for the periods 2000 to 2016, and quantitatively explored the impact of ICT infrastructures’ diffusion on population health outcomes.
ICT data was obtained from the ITU database. Similarly, population health attributes were retrieved from the World Bank database. ICT infrastructure variables used in this study include: internet access, mobile phone use, and fixed …
Women Are Being Cut During Childbirth Without Need Or Consent, Molly Cora Enking
Women Are Being Cut During Childbirth Without Need Or Consent, Molly Cora Enking
Capstones
An episiotomy, a surgical cut used to enlarge the vaginal opening during childbirth, can be extremely painful, hard to recover from and can increase the risk of severe complications. In 2018, episiotomies are rarely necessary, but at some U.S. hospitals they happen much more than they should. And in the course reporting this story, New York City News Service found that it is common for doctors to cut women without the mother’s consent.
https://medium.com/@mollyenking/women-are-being-cut-during-childbirth-without-need-or-consent-7677de7eddae
Neural And Behavioral Associations Of Drinking And Empathic Processing, Charles Samuel Henry Robinson
Neural And Behavioral Associations Of Drinking And Empathic Processing, Charles Samuel Henry Robinson
Psychology ETDs
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a major health problem, yet most individuals with AUD do not perceive a need for formal treatment and do not receive treatment. The lack of treatment seeking among individuals with AUD may suggest a lack of self-awareness and insight into the seriousness of AUD related problems. Moreover, individuals who have lost or are at risk of losing major relationships are especially likely to perceive the need for help. Thus, it may be the case that awareness of the influence of one’s drinking on social relationships and the feelings of others (i.e., empathy) could improve treatment …
Video-Based Diabetes Education For A Culturally Diverse Population, Heather Harris
Video-Based Diabetes Education For A Culturally Diverse Population, Heather Harris
Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Translational and Clinical Research Projects
Immigrants and refugees represent an underserved population in need of quality, accessible, and culturally appropriate healthcare and education. Diabetes is a chronic condition frequently seen in this population. The author utilized the Wagner Chronic Care Model (CCM) as a theoretical framework for planning diabetes education delivery in this diverse population. Studies report significant health disparities in diabetes care and subsequent poor diabetes quality indicators in refugees and immigrants. Research has found that culturally sensitive diabetes education can improve diabetes outcomes in ethnically diverse populations. The author implemented a translational project to develop and evaluate a video-based diabetes health education intervention …
Air Pollution Related Asthma Inpatient Hospital Admission In The Las Vegas Valley, Joshua Allen Jensen
Air Pollution Related Asthma Inpatient Hospital Admission In The Las Vegas Valley, Joshua Allen Jensen
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation in the lungs that causes airflow to be restricted. In Southern Nevada’s Las Vegas Valley, the natural basin geography causes air pollutants to accumulate. Research has linked air pollution with worsening asthma symptoms. The goal of this study was to determine the non-linear lagged relationship between Asthma Related Inpatient Hospital Admissions (ARIHA) and the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) criteria air pollutants in the Las Vegas Valley using hospital and pollution monitoring station data. Overall, a statistically significant increased RR of ARIHA between 7 and 13 days after exposure to PM2.5 24-hour …
Examining Environmental Hazards In Rental Homes And Habitability Laws In Clark County, Nevada, Jorge Luis Bertran
Examining Environmental Hazards In Rental Homes And Habitability Laws In Clark County, Nevada, Jorge Luis Bertran
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
It is well established that home conditions are linked to the health outcomes of occupants. There are over 880,000 housing units in Clark County, Nevada; nearly half of those are renter-occupied units (ROUs). Currently, there is limited research on the characteristics of environmental hazards found in Clark County ROUs and the strength of habitability statutes created to protect tenants from substandard housing. Understanding how renters in Clark County are affected by environmental hazards in ROUs and the processes by which landlords and tenants resolve grievances related to those hazards would benefit public health. It would enhance the ability to quickly …
Understanding Adolescent Physical Activity In The Early Nutrition Transitioning Country Of Haiti, Haley V. Becker
Understanding Adolescent Physical Activity In The Early Nutrition Transitioning Country Of Haiti, Haley V. Becker
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The nutrition transition is underway in Haiti, giving rise to the dual burden of malnutrition. Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in mitigating the negative health consequences of nutrition transition and the dual burden, but heretofore this data has been unavailable for Haiti. This dissertation undertook an exploratory needs assessment providing baseline PA data for Haitian adolescents. It evaluated two different PA data collection methodologies: a cross-sectional survey adapted from the IPAQ long-form and objectively measured PA via Actigraph GT1M accelerometers. Next, it identified initial covariates of self-reported and objectively-assessed PA behaviors; data was operationalized as meeting the World …
Associations Between Opioid-Related Hospitalizations And Intravenous Drug Users, Jacklynn De Leon
Associations Between Opioid-Related Hospitalizations And Intravenous Drug Users, Jacklynn De Leon
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The opioid epidemic has led to a chain reaction of public health concerns, including an increase in heroin usage, injection drug abuse, incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV), and HIV transmission. There have been few population-based studies investigating the clinical and socio- demographic data associated with opioid use in Nevada (Feng et al., 2016; Frank, 2000) and few studies investigating the intravenous drug user (IDU) population in Clark County. On February 2017, Clark County’s first syringe exchange program (SEP) opened its doors to the IDU population. This study provides an updated analysis of opioid-related injuries within Nevada and provides a …
Telelactation And Breastfeeding Outcomes Among Low-Income Mothers In Mississippi: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Aaron Thomas Hunt
Telelactation And Breastfeeding Outcomes Among Low-Income Mothers In Mississippi: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Aaron Thomas Hunt
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
New mothers are recommended to exclusively breastfeed their infants for the first six months to provide optimal health for infant and mother. However, only 13.0% of mothers in Mississippi reached this milestone among infants born in 2015, which was far below the Healthy People 2020 objective of 25.5%. One factor that impacts breastfeeding success is access to certified lactation consultants, but low-income women may lack access due to an inadequate number of providers, unreliable transportation, rural location, or cost. The use of “telelactation” programs, which provide access to lactation consultants via video conferencing on internet connected devices, has been suggested …
Normalizing Masculinity: Explaining Processes, Factors, And Contexts That Influence How Rural Male Farmers Seek Health Information In Southwest Ontario, Bradley C. Hiebert
Normalizing Masculinity: Explaining Processes, Factors, And Contexts That Influence How Rural Male Farmers Seek Health Information In Southwest Ontario, Bradley C. Hiebert
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Disproportionately high mortality and morbidity rates experienced by rural men are often related to the high prevalence of rural male farmers (RMFs) who are consistently exposed to chemicals, animal waste, and dust, or injured or killed while working. This dissertation aimed to explain processes by which RMFs seek health information (HI), and how these processes are influenced by rural social, cultural, political, and geographical factors.
Three studies were conducted as part of this dissertation. The first study was a literature review that explored the relationship between rural men’s health, health information seeking (HIS) theory, and masculinity theory. The second study …
A Modern-Day Affliction: Did Wifi Make Joel Dean Sick?, Dominic Mckenzie
A Modern-Day Affliction: Did Wifi Make Joel Dean Sick?, Dominic Mckenzie
Capstones
Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity is one of many disorders that exist in a strange border zone between recognized syndromes and discredited ones. One young man, a computer engineer by trade, had his life turned upside down by the disorder that has doctors and scientists across the world confused on how to treat it. Here's his story:
https://medium.com/@dominic.mckenzie/capstone-1dd7ff866a29
Examining Barriers To Sexual And Reproductive Health Services For Adolescents And Young Adults In Nebraska, Marisa Rosen
Examining Barriers To Sexual And Reproductive Health Services For Adolescents And Young Adults In Nebraska, Marisa Rosen
Theses & Dissertations
Despite recent declines in unintended pregnancy rates among adolescent and young adult women, barriers to family planning services and contraception continue to exist for young women living in the United States. Various initiatives have been implemented over the years from programmatic interventions to enactment of policies around family planning, yet more work needs to be done to help adolescent and young adult women successfully prevent unintended pregnancy. The Contraceptive Access Project (CAP) is a multi-component initiative in Nebraska to reduce unintended pregnancy among women aged 15-24. This dissertation comprises three separate studies each of which contributes to the overall objective …
An Assessment Of Preparations Made In The United States For Highly Hazardous Communicable Diseases Following The 2014-2016 Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic, Jocelyn J. Herstein
An Assessment Of Preparations Made In The United States For Highly Hazardous Communicable Diseases Following The 2014-2016 Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic, Jocelyn J. Herstein
Theses & Dissertations
The 2014-2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in West Africa was unprecedented in magnitude and scope. The threat of imported cases of EVD in the United States prompted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to establish a tiered network of hospitals to enhance domestic isolation capacity, including the designation of select hospitals as Ebola treatment centers (ETCs). As of spring 2015, no information existed on the capacity, physical infrastructure, staffing models, or infection control protocols of these newly-established ETCs, nor was there information on other highly hazardous communicable diseases (HHCDs) these units would admit. Moreover, no documentation was …
Keep The Beat With Heart Failure Education: A Quality Improvement Project, Brenda L. Peterson
Keep The Beat With Heart Failure Education: A Quality Improvement Project, Brenda L. Peterson
Master's Projects and Capstones
Abstract
Problem: Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), is the number one diagnosis-related group (DRG) for people 65 years of age and older in the United States. This disease group is complicated and debilitating, requiring frequent hospitalizations with high mortality rates. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) has identified CHF as an area for improvement in hospitals.
Context: This was a quality improvement project for an integrated medical center in the Central Valley, California with over 19,000 HF patients. In 2018, for patients 65 years and older, HF is the third-most admitted DRG …
Increasing Physical Activity To Improve Health Through Primary Care Clinics In Rural Nebraska, Jill Reed
Increasing Physical Activity To Improve Health Through Primary Care Clinics In Rural Nebraska, Jill Reed
Theses & Dissertations
Addressing the lack of physical activity (PA) in rural adults is vital because of the role it plays in the risk for many chronic diseases. The purpose of the study was to explore the feasibility of conducting a 12-week intervention to increase PA behavior in inactive rural adults recruited from a primary care clinic. Subjects were randomized to the intervention (n=30) or control (n=29) group and wore a Fitbit to track PA. The intervention group completed action plans and received weekly motivational text messages to improve PA behaviors. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with study participants (n=10) and a focus group …
Hearing Loss And Hearing Protection Use Among Midwestern Farmers, Josie J. Ehlers
Hearing Loss And Hearing Protection Use Among Midwestern Farmers, Josie J. Ehlers
Theses & Dissertations
Many farmers have noise-induced hearing loss, yet few use hearing protection when working around loud noise. A point source intervention (storing hearing protection devices near sources of noise) was implemented to help farmers overcome accessibility barriers related to using hearing protection. Intervention farmers (n=53) received education and the point source intervention; control farmers (n=36) received education only. During each year of the study, all farmers completed a questionnaire about their perceptions of hearing protection and participated in an audiometric test at their farm. Ambient sound pressure levels were taken during tests. The main objectives of this dissertation were to evaluate …
Surveillance, Prevention And Surgical Treatments For Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Kerui Xu
Surveillance, Prevention And Surgical Treatments For Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Kerui Xu
Theses & Dissertations
Liver cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer death, representing roughly 9.1% of all cancer mortality. Of all primary cancers of the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for roughly 85%. HCC has been increasing in the U.S. and other countries. In particular, HCC places a huge burden on the Chinese population, as China alone consists of approximately 50% of the total HCC cases and deaths. In China, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause for developing HCC. The two challenges in prevention and control of HCC experienced in China are low rates of HCC screening among the …
Finding The Narrative In Incident Reports, La'eeqa Aslam
Finding The Narrative In Incident Reports, La'eeqa Aslam
Master's Projects and Capstones
The Progress Foundation, as licensed by the state of California and the Community Care Licensing, is required to use incident reports for internal audits and remain in compliance as a health facility. Incident reports are used to record events or accidents that have occurred within an organization. Often times, reports are made, handed off, and given from the residence home to the Community Care Licensing with little to no information of how an incident was managed. The Progress Foundation is working towards tracking information from the incident reports to improve internal management and understand the trends in the reports.
In …
Examining Climate Change-Health Nexus In Ghana, Lucia Kafui Hussey
Examining Climate Change-Health Nexus In Ghana, Lucia Kafui Hussey
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Climate change is one of today’s most pressing global issues with its physical, biological and social impacts widely recognized. One area of concern is its potential health consequences. The postulated health effects from climate change are far-reaching that climate change induced health risks are signaled as the most pressing problems to public health in the 21st century. Although developing countries such as Ghana had been suggested as a vulnerable hotspot for the health consequences of climate change, there is a paucity of empirical research on climate change and its health linkages in the country.
The purpose of this dissertation …
Epidemiological Studies Of Soybean Vein Necrosis Virus And Potential Resistance Mechanisms To Its Vector Neohydatothrips Variabilis (Beach), Jing Zhou
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is one the most important crops in global agriculture with annual production of over 260 million metric tons. As the dependence of a growing global population to soybean has increased, so does the importance of soybean diseases and pests. Over 200 pathogens attack soybean; among them, viruses pose a major threat to the soybean industries accounting for approximately 10% of the annual yield reduction caused by diseases in the past two decades. Soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV) is a relatively newly discovered virus causing the homonymous disease. The widespread occurrence of the disease in major …
Project Renew Worcester, Danni Yue, Amy Zhang, Jing Han, Omid Ashrafi, Yiming Xu
Project Renew Worcester, Danni Yue, Amy Zhang, Jing Han, Omid Ashrafi, Yiming Xu
School of Professional Studies
n The client for this capstone project is RENEW Worcester which is a fledgling solar power project whose main goals are to bring renewable energy in the form of solar power into local, primarily low-income communities and are committed to the mission of making the transition off of fossil fuels to clean, renewable power. Based in Worcester, Massachusetts, they are a local chapter of Co-op Power which is a consumer-owned sustainable energy cooperative (co-op) made up of numerous different local chapters all over the New England area as well as the state of New York. The problem that we will …
Critical Illness Survivors’ Perceptions Of Their Recovery: An Interpretive Phenomenological Inquiry, Kelly Calkins
Critical Illness Survivors’ Perceptions Of Their Recovery: An Interpretive Phenomenological Inquiry, Kelly Calkins
Theses and Dissertations
Surviving critical illness with its physical, cognitive, and psychosocial morbidities is a growing clinical and research challenge and an important public health concern. Currently, there are few interventions for survivors of critical illness after hospital discharge. Potential interventions include rehabilitation services, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) diaries and ICU follow-up clinics, however, most survivors do not have access to these post-hospital interventions.
The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of how critical illness survivors experience their recovery, interventions they use, and what they perceive as facilitators and barriers to their recovery. A better understanding of these factors, …
The Impact Of Maternal Diabetes On Fetal And Infant Outcomes: A Secondary Analysis Of Peridata.Net® From 2013 To 2017, Christina Lynn Dzioba
The Impact Of Maternal Diabetes On Fetal And Infant Outcomes: A Secondary Analysis Of Peridata.Net® From 2013 To 2017, Christina Lynn Dzioba
Theses and Dissertations
ABSTRACT
THE IMPACT OF MATERNAL DIABETES ON FETAL AND INFANT OUTCOMES:
A SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF PERIDATA.NET® FROM 2013 TO 2017
Christina Dzioba, MS, ARNP, WHNP-BC, C-EFM
Background: Diabetes is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for most of the developed world and is known to contribute to adverse maternal, fetal, and infant outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of maternal diabetes to fetal and infant outcomes for infants born in a small heterogeneous urban community with significant disparities in infant mortality using data in the PeriData.Net® database.
Methods: Women with diabetes were case matched …
Hemoglobin A1c Improvements And Better Diabetes-Specific Quality Of Life Among Participants Completing Diabetes Self-Management Programs: A Nested Cohort Study, Abhinav Khanna
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Background: Numerous primary care innovations emphasize patient-centered processes of care. Within the context of these innovations, greater understanding is needed of the relationship between improvements in clinical endpoints and patient-centered outcomes. To address this gap, we evaluated the association between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and diabetes-specific quality of life among patients completing diabetes self-management programs.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study nested within a randomized comparative effectiveness trial of diabetes self-management interventions in 75 diabetic patients. Multiple linear regression models were developed to examine the relationship between change in HbA1c from baseline to one-year follow-up and Diabetes-39 (a diabetes-specific quality …
Sex-Specific Effects And Gene-Sex Interactions In Serum Metabolome Levels: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study, Zhe Wang
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Metabolomic signatures associated with complex disease have been identified. Metabolomic profiling and the integration of genomic data have proven to be powerful tools to investigate genetic effects underlying intermediate phenotype levels and may facilitate improved understanding of pathophysiologic processes of disease. However, most published studies did not consider sex as an effect modifier, analyze sex-specific effects, nor gene by sex interactions. One reason can be incomplete knowledge of the power of statistical methods used in a given dataset.
I first investigated sex-specific genetic effects by performing sex-stratified exome-wide association studies for 271 chromatography-mass spectrometry measured metabolites in the Atherosclerosis Risk …
Impacts Of Cold Weather On Health In Texas, Tsun-Hsuan Chen
Impacts Of Cold Weather On Health In Texas, Tsun-Hsuan Chen
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Recent events with recorded low temperature and unusual snow accumulation in the United States and Europe have raised the public awareness of the potential health impacts of extreme winter weather. Excessive cold was the leading cause of weather-related death during 2006-2010 in the U.S., accounting for 63% of weather related deaths. Several studies worldwide have demonstrated that, in general, mortality rates are higher in winter compared to summer. Studies have also shown that the association between cold temperature and death vary across cities, regions and countries and is especially relevant with decreasing latitude or in regions with mild winter climate. …
Chagas Disease Awareness Amongst Texas Physicians, Gerardo J. Pacheco
Chagas Disease Awareness Amongst Texas Physicians, Gerardo J. Pacheco
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
An estimated 300,000 people in the U.S. are living with Chagas Disease (CD), many of whom may not yet know they are infected. Approximately 20% to 30% of individuals with CD are expected to develop clinical symptoms that may manifest as heart disease and result in death if left untreated. The prevalence of CD in humans is not well understood. Given its asymptomatic manifestation and the rarity in cases seen by physicians in general, CD may be under-recognized by physicians.
The purpose of this research was to explore the understanding and knowledge of CD in Texas HCP populations (cardiologists, infectious …
Factors Contributing To Lower Cancer Screening Utilization In A Sub-Sample Of United Way 2-1-1 Callers, Jason M. Rhoton
Factors Contributing To Lower Cancer Screening Utilization In A Sub-Sample Of United Way 2-1-1 Callers, Jason M. Rhoton
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
This dissertation was a secondary analysis of data from a Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT)-funded [grant # PP100077 & PP120086] cancer-control intervention with The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health and United Way 2-1-1. The aims of the three dissertation papers were addressed by examining a sub-sample of 2-1-1 callers that were drawn from the parent study baseline data. Participants were required to need at least once cancer prevention service to be included in the parent study and dissertation analyses. This dissertation was a cross-sectional analysis of de-identified data examining the …