Public Health Commons^™

Ten-Year (2001-2011) Trends In The Incidence Rates And Short-Term Outcomes Of Early Versus Late Onset Cardiogenic Shock After Hospitalization For Acute Myocardial Infarction, Hoa L. Nguyen, Jorge L. Yarzebski, Darleen M. Lessard, Joel M. Gore, David D. Mcmanus, Robert J. Goldberg

Jorge L. Yarzebski

BACKGROUND: Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a serious complication of acute myocardial infarction, and the time of onset of CS has a potential role in influencing its prognosis. Limited contemporary data exist on this complication, however, especially from a population-based perspective. Our study objectives were to describe decade-long trends in the incidence, in-hospital mortality, and factors associated with the development of CS in 3 temporal contexts: (1) before hospital arrival for acute myocardial infarction (prehospital CS); (2) within 24 hours of hospitalization (early CS); and (3) > /=24 hours after hospitalization (late CS). METHODS AND RESULTS: The study population consisted of 5782 …

Evaluation Of Iowa’S Anti-Bullying Law, Marizen Ramirez, Patrick Ten Eyck, Corinne Peek-Asa, Joseph E Cavanaugh, Angela Onwuachi-Willig

Angela Onwuachi-Willig

Background Bullying is the most common form of youth aggression. Although 49 of all 50 states in the U.S. have an anti-bullying law in place to prevent bullying, little is known about the effectiveness of these laws. Our objective was to measure the effectiveness of Iowa’s anti-bullying law in preventing bullying and improving teacher response to bullying. Methods Sixth, 8th, and 11th grade children who completed the 2005, 2008 and 2010 Iowa Youth Survey were included in this study (n = 253,000). Students were coded according to exposure to the law: pre-law for 2005 survey data, one year post-law for …

Usf Capstone Paper: Master Of Public Health, Rachel Alvarez

Rachel Alvarez

Seasonal Forcing In Stochastic Epidemiology Models, Lora Billings, Eric Forgoston

Lora Billings

Seasonal Forcing In Stochastic Epidemiology Models, Lora Billings, Eric Forgoston

Eric Forgoston

Do Health Beliefs Explain Traditional Medical Therapies Utilisation? Evidence From Ghana, Razak Mohammed Gyasi, Felix Asante, Kabila Abass, Joseph Yaw Yeboah, Samuel Adu-Gyamfi, Padmore Adusei Amoah

Dr. AMOAH Padmore Adusei

Although the direct impact of health beliefs on unconventional medical therapies consumption are well documented, the previous empirical findings of the relationship have been much inconsistent and theoretically subtle in Ghana. Using social cognitive thesis, this paper examines how relative effects of personal health beliefs influence the use of traditional medicine in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Drawing on a qualitative approach involving rural and urban peculiarities and 36 in-depth interviews, this research study adopts a posteriori inductive reduction model to derive broad- and sub-themes. Results suggest that health-seeking behaviour in Ghana is a socially negotiated process in which cultural …

Geographies And Traditional Therapies Utilization : A Convergence Of Health Behaviors In Rural And Urban Settings?, Padmore Adusei Amoah, Razak Mohammed Gyasi

Dr. AMOAH Padmore Adusei

No abstract provided.

Health Literacy And Self-Perceived Health Status Among Street Youth In Kumasi, Ghana, Padmore Adusei Amoah, David Rosser Phillips, Razak Mohammed Gyasi, Adwoa Owusuaa Koduah, Joseph Edusei

Dr. AMOAH Padmore Adusei

Street youth often have poor health. A number of studies have been commissioned across contexts to appreciate and address the problem. Conspicuously missing from extant researches about street youth in relation to their health however are those relating to health literacy. This study assesses general health literacy (GHL) and its association with self-perceived health status among street youth in Kumasi, Ghana. Two hundred and ninety street youth with an average age of 18 years (±3.1) participated in the study. The majority (78%) of street youth demonstrated limited GHL. Age, education, and acknowledging the streets as home, were significantly associated with …

Physical Activity For Rural, Low-Income Children., Amber Todd, Jason Rice, Kristi King

Kristi King

No abstract provided.

Utilizing The School Health Index To Foster University And Community Engagement., Kristi Mcclary King

Kristi King

A Coordinated School Health Program maximizes a school’s positive interaction among health education, physical education, health services, nutrition services, counseling/psychological/social services, health school environment, health promotion for staff, and family and community involvement. The purpose of this semester project is for undergraduate health education students to (1) explain the Coordinated School Health Program, (2) assess local schools’ health programs and policies using the School Health Index, (3) develop a School Health Improvement Plan, and (4) present their findings and recommendations for improving their schools’ physical activity, nutrition, tobacco prevention, asthma, and safety policies and programs.

Actavis And Error Costs: A Reply To Critics, Aaron S. Edlin, C. Scott Hemphill, Herbert J. Hovenkamp, Carl Shapiro

Aaron Edlin

The Supreme Court’s opinion in Federal Trade Commission v. Actavis, Inc. provided fundamental guidance about how courts should handle antitrust challenges to reverse payment patent settlements. In our previous article, Activating Actavis, we identified and operationalized the essential features of the Court’s analysis. Our analysis has been challenged by four economists, who argue that our approach might condemn procompetitive settlements.As we explain in this reply, such settlements are feasible, however, only under special circumstances. Moreover, even where feasible, the parties would not actually choose such a settlement in equilibrium. These considerations, and others discussed in the reply, serve to confirm …

Parent Perceptions Of A Child Physical Activity Initiative In A Rural Community., Katie F. Leslie, Kristi M. King, Richard W. Wilson, Patricia Gagne, V. Faye Jones

Kristi King

This study assessed the extent to which a community-based intervention developed for children impacted parent perceptions and behaviors toward physical activity in a rural community. Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with parents of children who participated in physical activity programs. Analysis revealed an increased community awareness surrounding physical activity following program implementation. Parents and children encouraged each other to be physically active. Ecological barriers and enabling factors to adult physical activity were identified these findings indicate a bidirectional influence between parent and child physical activity and the need for community facilities where families can be active together.

Health Advocacy Intervention For Youth : A Case Study Of Metro Youth Advocates., Tiffany Monyhan, Sasha Belenky, Kristi Mcclary King

Kristi King

No abstract provided.

Intergenerational Music Therapy : Bridging The Generational Gap Through Community-Based Music Making., Michael R. Detmer, Petra Kern, Jill Jacobi-Vessels, Kristi M. King

Kristi King

No abstract provided.

Pharmacy Practice And The Michigan Immunization Registry: Results From A Multi-Organizational Collaborative Study, Jeff Goad, Albert Bach

Jeff Goad

No abstract provided.

Food Justice Youth Development: Using Photovoice To Study Urban School Food Systems, Krista Harper, Catherine Sands, Diego Angarita, Molly Totman, Monica Maitin, Jonell Sostre Rosado, Jazmin Colon, Nick Alger

Catherine Sands

Discrepancies Between Clinicaltrials.Gov Recruitment Status And Actual Trial Status: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Christopher W. Jones, Michelle R. Safferman, Amanda C. Adams, Timothy F. Platts-Mills

Amanda C. Adams

No abstract provided.

Deaf 101: How To Navigate Clinical Interactions With Deaf Sign Language Users, Melissa L. Anderson, Timothy Riker

Melissa L. Anderson

This webinar provides some basic guidelines for interacting with culturally Deaf clients, including how to work with American Sign Language interpreters and Certified Deaf interpreters, how to respect Deaf culture and Deaf social norms, and how to adapt common treatment approaches to be more Deaf-friendly.

Hazcom 2012 Implementation, Cheri Marcham

Cheri Marcham

This presentation reviews changes to the OSHA Standard called HazCom 2012. Old and new definitions for "health hazards" are discussed as well as labeling requirements.

Aiha White Paper: Electronic Cigarettes In The Indoor Environment, Cheri Marcham

Cheri Marcham

This presentation covers the effects of different volatile organic compounds released by electronic cigarettes which can cause health problems. More research on the effects of electronic "smoke" should be conducted on the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) ingredients in electronic cigarette exhaust.

Electronic Cigarettes In The Indoor Environment, Cheri Marcham

Cheri Marcham

"E-cigarettes should be considered a source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulates in the indoor environment that have not been thoroughly characterized or evaluated for safety."--NIOSH

A Review Of Studies Of Ventilation And Indoor Air Quality In New Homes And Impacts Of Environmental Factors On Formaldehyde Emission Rates From Composite Wood Products, Francis (Bud) Offermann, Cheri Marcham

Cheri Marcham

While increasing outdoor air ventilation rates does reduce the indoor concentrations of air contaminants with indoor sources, the actual reductions in concentrations can differ significantly from those calculated with the assumption of a constant indoor emission rate. The ratio of actual to predicted concentration reductions for the low to high outdoor air ventilation modes ranged from 0.59 for formaldehyde to 1.37 for benzaldehyde. Increases in emission rates for compounds such as formaldehyde are consistent with mass transfer theory for emissions from materials such as composite wood where mass transfer is limited by gas-phase diffusion across the boundary layer. Decreases in …

Body Of Knowledge: Field Use Of Direct-Reading Instruments For Detection Of Gases And Vapors, Cheryl L. Marcham, Et Al.

Cheri Marcham

AIHA and its members and volunteers worked collaboratively to develop the technical framework, known as the Body of Knowledge (BoK), that outlines the knowledge and skills a competent person should possess and be able to demonstrate when operating direct-reading instruments (DRIs) for detection of gases and vapors.

Self-Injurious Behaviors In Prisons: A Nationwide Survey Of Correctional Mental Health Directors, Kenneth L. Appelbaum, Judith A. Savageau, Robert L. Trestman, Jeffrey L. Metzner

Judith A. Savageau

Self-injurious behavior (SIB) by inmates has serious health, safety, operational, security and fiscal consequences. Serious incidents require a freeze in normal facility operations. Injuries that need outside medical attention create additional security risks, including potential escape attempts. The interruption of normal operations, diversion of staff, cost of outside care, and drain on medical and mental health resources all have significant fiscal consequences. This session will present the results and implications of a survey of the Mental Health Directors in all 51 state and federal prison systems on the extent of SIB by inmates, including incidence and prevalence, adverse consequences, and …

Evaluation Of The Massachusetts Peer Specialist Training And Certification Program (Phase Two), Linda M. Cabral, Kathy Muhr, Laura A. Sefton, Judith A. Savageau

Judith A. Savageau

Most public mental health systems are shifting to a recovery-oriented system of care; however, offering recovery-oriented and peer support services to various cultural and linguistic groups is challenging. This study sought to better understand how persons with mental health conditions from two cultural groups – Latinos and Deaf and Hard of Hearing (D/HH) - access recovery-based services. Interviews with national key informants were conducted prior to data collection to better formulate instruments. Cultural brokers, identified as leaders in their communities who also have mental health conditions, were hired to aid in recruitment and data collection. Interviews and focus groups were …

Health And Needs Assessment Of Geriatric Patients: Results Of A Survey At A Teaching Hospital In Karachi, Syed Nabeel Zafar, Hammad Ashraf Ganatra, Sarah Tehseen, Waris Qidwai

Waris Qidwai

Objective: To study the health and needs of geriatric patients

Methods: A questionnaire based survey of patients visiting the out-patient department of Aga Khan University was carried out. Ethical requirements were met and included administration of informed consent and provision of confidentiality to patients. Convenience sampling was used without any randomization for interviews. Epi-info and SPSS software were used for data management.

Results: Four hundred and two (402) subjects above the age of 65 were surveyed. Most of the subjects were retired (40.5%) married (76.4%) men (69.7%). Ages ranged from 65 to 90 years, the mean being 70.57 years and …

Trait Hope And Preparation For Future Care Needs Among Older Adult Primary Care Patients, Jodi L. Southerland, Deborah L. Slawson, Robert Pack, Silvia Sörensen, Jeffrey M. Lyness, Jameson K. Hirsch

Jameson K. Hirsch

We examined associations between trait hope and preparation for future care needs (PFCN) among 66 older adult primary care patients in western New York. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing PFCN (awareness, information gathering, decision-making, concrete planning, and avoidance), and the Adult Trait Hope Scale. In multivariate regressions, lower hope, particularly less agency, was associated with more awareness of needing care, whereas higher hopefulness, particularly pathways thinking, was associated with increased decision-making and concrete planning. Greater hopefulness appears to be linked to goal-directed planning behaviors, although those with lower hope may actually be more aware of the need for planning. Evidence-based …

Basic Psychological Needs, Suicidal Ideation, And Risk For Suicidal Behavior In Young Adults, Peter C. Britton, Kimberly A. Van Orden, Jameson K. Hirsch, Geoffrey C. Williams

Jameson K. Hirsch

Associations between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness with current suicidal ideation and risk for suicidal behavior were examined. Two logistic regressions were conducted with a cross-sectional database of 440 university students to examine the association of need satisfaction with suicidal ideation and risk for suicidal behavior, while controlling for demographics and depressive symptoms. Suicidal ideation was reported by 15% of participants and 18% were found to be at risk for suicidal behavior. A one standard deviation increase in need satisfaction reduced the odds of suicidal ideation by 53%, OR (95% CI) = 0.47 (0.33–0.67), …

Validation Of Verbal Autopsy Tool For Ascertaining The Causes Of Stillbirth, Sidrah Nausheen, Sajid B. Soofi, Kamran Sadiq, Atif Habib, Ali Turab, Zamir Suhag, Zaid Bhatti, Imran Ahmed, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Zahid Memon, Rajiv Bahl, M. Imran Khan, Shireen Bhutta

Atif Habib

Objective: To assess performance of the WHO revised verbal autopsy tool for ascertaining the causes of still birth in comparison with reference standard cause of death ascertained by standardized clinical and supportive data. Methods: All stillbirths at a tertiary hospital in Karachi, Pakistan were prospectively recruited into study from August 2006- February 2008. The reference standard cause of death was established by two senior obstetricians within 48 hours using the ICD coding system. Verbal autopsy interviews using modified WHO tool were conducted by trained health workers within 2- 6 weeks of still birth and the cause of death was assigned …

Immune Responses To Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Typhoid Vaccine In Children 2 To 16 Years Old In Karachi, Pakistan, And Kolkata, India, R. Leon Ochiai, M. Imran Khan, Sajid B. Soofi, Dipika Sur, Suman Kanungo, Young Ae You, Atif Habib, Shah Muhammad Sahito, Byomkesh Manna, Camilo J. Acosta, Mohammad Ali, Sujit K. Bhattacharya, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, John D. Clemens

Atif Habib

The geometric mean concentration (GMC) and the proportion maintaining a protective level (150 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) units [ELU]/ml) 2 years following a single dose of 25 μg of injectable Vi capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine was measured against that of the control hepatitis A vaccine in children 2 to 16 years old in cluster randomized trials in Karachi and Kolkata. The GMC for the Vi group (1,428 ELU/ml) was statistically significantly different from the GMC of the control hepatitis A vaccine group (86 ELU/ml) after 6 weeks. A total of 117 children (95.1%) in the Vi group and 9 (7.5%) …