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Articles 1 - 30 of 316
Full-Text Articles in Public Health
The Influence Of Local Food Environments On Adolescents’ Food Purchasing Behaviors, Meizi He, Patricia Tucker, Jason Gilliland, Jennifer Irwin, Kristian Larsen, Paul Hess
The Influence Of Local Food Environments On Adolescents’ Food Purchasing Behaviors, Meizi He, Patricia Tucker, Jason Gilliland, Jennifer Irwin, Kristian Larsen, Paul Hess
Trish Tucker
This study examined the relationship between the neighborhood food environment and the food purchasing behaviors among adolescents. Grade 7 and 8 students (n = 810) at 21 elementary schools in London, Ontario, Canada completed a questionnaire assessing their food purchasing behaviors. Parents of participants also completed a brief questionnaire providing residential address and demographic information. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to assess students’ home and school neighborhood food environment and land use characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the influence of the home neighborhood food environment on students’ food purchasing behaviors, while two-level Hierarchical Non-Linear Regression …
The Change Program: Comparing An Interactive Versus Standardized Obesity Intervention On Students' Self-Esteem, Functional Health Status And Self-Efficacy For Performing Physical Activity And Nutrition Behaviours, Erin Pearson, Jennifer Irwin, Don Morrow
The Change Program: Comparing An Interactive Versus Standardized Obesity Intervention On Students' Self-Esteem, Functional Health Status And Self-Efficacy For Performing Physical Activity And Nutrition Behaviours, Erin Pearson, Jennifer Irwin, Don Morrow
Donald Morrow
No abstract provided.
Health Care Practitioners’ Perceptions Of Motivational Interviewing Training For Facilitating Behavior Change Among Patients, Erin Wiley, Jennifer Irwin, Don Morrow
Health Care Practitioners’ Perceptions Of Motivational Interviewing Training For Facilitating Behavior Change Among Patients, Erin Wiley, Jennifer Irwin, Don Morrow
Donald Morrow
No abstract provided.
What Aspect Of Dependence Does The Fagerström Test For Nicotine Dependence Measure?, Joseph R. Difranza, Robert J. Wellman, Judith A. Savageau, Ariel Beccia, W. W. Sanouri A. Ursprung, Robert Mcmillen
What Aspect Of Dependence Does The Fagerström Test For Nicotine Dependence Measure?, Joseph R. Difranza, Robert J. Wellman, Judith A. Savageau, Ariel Beccia, W. W. Sanouri A. Ursprung, Robert Mcmillen
Judith A. Savageau
Although the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) are widely used, there is a uncertainty regarding what is measured by these scales. We examined associations between these instruments and items assessing different aspects of dependence. Adult current smokers ( , mean age 33.3 years, 61.9% female) completed a web-based survey comprised of items related to demographics and smoking behavior plus (1) the FTND and HSI; (2) the Autonomy over Tobacco Scale (AUTOS) with subscales measuring Withdrawal, Psychological Dependence, and Cue-Induced Cravings; (3) 6 questions tapping smokers’ wanting, craving, or needing experiences in response …
أمراض الأطفال المزمنة, Suad Fahad Alferaih
أمراض الأطفال المزمنة, Suad Fahad Alferaih
Dr. Suad Fahad AlFuraih
No abstract provided.
Low Frequency Vibrations Induce Malformations In Two Aquatic Species In A Frequency-, Waveform-, And Direction-Specific Manner, Laura Vandenberg, Claire Stevenson, Michael Levin
Low Frequency Vibrations Induce Malformations In Two Aquatic Species In A Frequency-, Waveform-, And Direction-Specific Manner, Laura Vandenberg, Claire Stevenson, Michael Levin
Laura Vandenberg
Environmental toxicants such as industrial wastes, air particulates from machinery and transportation vehicles, and pesticide run-offs, as well as many chemicals, have been widely studied for their effects on human and wildlife populations. Yet other potentially harmful environmental pollutants such as electromagnetic pulses, noise and vibrations have remained incompletely understood. Because developing embryos undergo complex morphological changes that can be affected detrimentally by alterations in physical forces, they may be particularly susceptible to exposure to these types of pollutants. We investigated the effects of low frequency vibrations on early embryonic development of two aquatic species, Xenopus laevis (frogs) and Danio …
Maternal Mortality: The Need To Work With Traditional Birth Attendants To Offset The Problem, Nat Quansah
Maternal Mortality: The Need To Work With Traditional Birth Attendants To Offset The Problem, Nat Quansah
Nat Quansah
The Reninjaza (Traditional Birth Attendant) is recognized as the professional of Traditional Medicine specializing in the provision of maternal and infant health care services just as the Midwife is recognized as the professional of Allopathic Medicine who specializes in the provision of maternal and infant health care services. Having these professionals of the two medical systems work in a complimentary manner, it is argued, will not only result in improving the gathering of information on maternal deaths, the accuracy of reporting and monitoring of maternal deaths but more importantly, will result in the reduction of maternal deaths. This is because …
Ahr2-Dependance Of Pcb126 Effects On The Swimbladder In Relation To Expression Of Cyp1 And Cox-2 Genes In Developing Zebrafish, Maria Jönsson, Akira Kubota, Alicia Timme-Laragy, Bruce Woodin, John Stegeman
Ahr2-Dependance Of Pcb126 Effects On The Swimbladder In Relation To Expression Of Cyp1 And Cox-2 Genes In Developing Zebrafish, Maria Jönsson, Akira Kubota, Alicia Timme-Laragy, Bruce Woodin, John Stegeman
Alicia R. Timme-Laragy
The teleost swimbladder is assumed a homolog of the tetrapod lung. Both swimbladder and lung are developmental targets of persistent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR1) agonists; in zebrafish (Danio rerio) the swimbladder fails to inflate with exposure to 3,3’,4,4’,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126). The mechanism for this effect is unknown, but studies have suggested roles of cytochrome P4501 (CYP1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) in some Ahr-mediated developmental effects in zebrafish. We determined relationships between swimbladder inflation and CYP1 and Cox-2 mRNA expression in PCB126-exposed zebrafish embryos. We also examined effects on β- catenin dependent transcription, histological effects, and Ahr2 dependance of the effect of …
Incorporating Digital Health Literacy Into Adult Esl Education On The Us-Mexico Border, Erika Mein, Francisco Soto Mas
Incorporating Digital Health Literacy Into Adult Esl Education On The Us-Mexico Border, Erika Mein, Francisco Soto Mas
Francisco Soto Mas
The increasing digitization of information and communication has undoubtedly impacted the ways in which people in the United States access and interpret health information. Although the traditional emphasis of health literacy research has been the comprehension of health-related texts such as patient information forms, prescriptions, and medicine labels, the increased use of electronic means to locate health information requires more critical engagement with texts beyond basic comprehension. In accessing electronic health information, patients need to be able to navigate the vast amount of online health information and to interpret and synthesize health information across multiple sources (i.e. websites) while also …
Musculoskeletal Pain And Psychological Distress In Hospital Patient Care Workers, Silje Reme, Jack Dennerlein, Dean Hashimoto, Glorian Sorensen
Musculoskeletal Pain And Psychological Distress In Hospital Patient Care Workers, Silje Reme, Jack Dennerlein, Dean Hashimoto, Glorian Sorensen
Dean M. Hashimoto
Purpose
The aim of the study was to assess the association of psychological distress and musculoskeletal pain, how it is related to pain interference with work and multiple pain areas, and potential differences between the different pain areas in hospital patient care workers.
Methods
Data were collected from a cross-sectional survey of patient care workers (n = 1,572) from two large hospitals.
Results
Patient care workers with musculoskeletal pain reported significantly more psychological distress than those without pain. Psychological distress was significantly related to pain interference with work, even after adjusting for pain and demographics (OR = 1.05; CI = …
A Human Centered Geovisualization Framework To Facilitate Visual Exploration Of Telehealth Data: A Case Study, Ashish Joshi, Chiehwen Ed Hsu
A Human Centered Geovisualization Framework To Facilitate Visual Exploration Of Telehealth Data: A Case Study, Ashish Joshi, Chiehwen Ed Hsu
Chiehwen Ed Hsu
Background: Public health data is typically organized by geospatial units. Routine geographic monitoring of health data enables an understanding of the spatial patterns of events in terms of causes and controls. GeoVisualization (GeoVis) allows users to see information hidden both visually and explicitly on a map. Despite the applicability of GeoVis in public health, it is still underused for visualizing public health data. Objective: The objective of this study is to conduct user analysis by examining the various kinds of users that are involved with the telehealth program, their expertise and skills and their perception towards the utilization of GeoVis …
Awareness, Acceptability And Uptake Of Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Among Cameroonian School-Attending Female Adolescents, Claudine Ayissi, Richard Wamai, Geofrey Oduwo, Stacey Perlman, Edith Welty, Simon Manga, Javier Ogembo
Awareness, Acceptability And Uptake Of Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Among Cameroonian School-Attending Female Adolescents, Claudine Ayissi, Richard Wamai, Geofrey Oduwo, Stacey Perlman, Edith Welty, Simon Manga, Javier Ogembo
Richard G. Wamai
The purpose of this study is to assess awareness, knowledge and beliefs about HPV, cervical cancer HPV vaccine and willingness to vaccinate among adolescent females aged 12-26 years at clinics and schools in the North West Region of Cameroon where the Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services (CBCHS) conducted a sensitization and education campaign. A questionnaire survey was administered among female adolescents in schools and clinics. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages and proportions were generated for independent variables and bivariate analyses (Chi square test) were used to assess the relationship between independent and outcome variables. Data were analyzed using SAS Version …
Porque Mas Iberoamerica? De Lecciones Aprendidas Y Buenas Practicas., Diego A. Bernardini
Porque Mas Iberoamerica? De Lecciones Aprendidas Y Buenas Practicas., Diego A. Bernardini
Diego Bernardini MD, PhD
No abstract provided.
Urgensi Penghematan Energi Dalam Mewujudkan Kestabilan Perekonomian Indonesia, Zulkifli Rangkuti Dr.
Urgensi Penghematan Energi Dalam Mewujudkan Kestabilan Perekonomian Indonesia, Zulkifli Rangkuti Dr.
Zulkifli Rangkuti
No abstract provided.
Innovations In Primary Care: Implementing Clinical Care Management In Primary Care Practices, Sai Cherala
Innovations In Primary Care: Implementing Clinical Care Management In Primary Care Practices, Sai Cherala
Sai Cherala
The Massachusetts Patient Centered Medical Home Initiative (MA PCMHI) is a statewide, multi-payer demonstration that seeks to transform 46 primary care practices into PCMHs. Clinical care management of high-risk patients is a key element of the PCMH and a new service for most primary care practices. Training for practices in the MA PCMHI includes the clinical care manager (CCM) role, identification/tracking of highest-risk patients, care plan development/implementation, care coordination, and communications. Content is delivered through learning collaborative sessions, monthly webinars and practice-based transformation facilitation. Assessment of progress towards implementation is made through practice-based data on clinical care management measures and …
Commonhealth: Mass. A National Leader In Overdose Prevention, Leo Beletsky, Alexander Walley
Commonhealth: Mass. A National Leader In Overdose Prevention, Leo Beletsky, Alexander Walley
Leo Beletsky
In this interview on Radio Boston, Leo Beletsky and Alexander Walley discuss their viewpoint piece, “Prevention of Fatal Opioid Overdose,” which appeared in the Nov. 14, 2012 issue of the Journal of the Medical American Association.
A 'Snip' In Time: What Is The Best Age To Circumcise?, Brian J. Morris, Jake H. Waskett, Joya Banerjee, Richard G. Wamai, Aaron A. R. Tobian, Ronald H. Gray, Stefan A. Bailis, Robert C. Bailey, Jeffrey D. Klausner, Robin J. Willcourt, Daniel T. Halperin, Thomas E. Wiswell, Adrian Mindel
A 'Snip' In Time: What Is The Best Age To Circumcise?, Brian J. Morris, Jake H. Waskett, Joya Banerjee, Richard G. Wamai, Aaron A. R. Tobian, Ronald H. Gray, Stefan A. Bailis, Robert C. Bailey, Jeffrey D. Klausner, Robin J. Willcourt, Daniel T. Halperin, Thomas E. Wiswell, Adrian Mindel
Richard G. Wamai
Background Circumcision is a common procedure, but regional and societal attitudes differ on whether there is a need for a male to be circumcised and, if so, at what age. This is an important issue for many parents, but also pediatricians, other doctors, policy makers, public health authorities, medical bodies, and males themselves. Discussion We show here that infancy is an optimal time for clinical circumcision because an infant's low mobility facilitates the use of local anesthesia, sutures are not required, healing is quick, cosmetic outcome is usually excellent, costs are minimal, and complications are uncommon. The benefits of infant …
Exposé Of Misleading Claims That Male Circumcision Will Increase Hiv Infections In Africa, Brian J. Morris, Jake H. Waskett, Ronald H. Gray, Daniel T. Halperin, Richard Wamai, Bertran Auvert, Jeffrey D. Klausner
Exposé Of Misleading Claims That Male Circumcision Will Increase Hiv Infections In Africa, Brian J. Morris, Jake H. Waskett, Ronald H. Gray, Daniel T. Halperin, Richard Wamai, Bertran Auvert, Jeffrey D. Klausner
Richard G. Wamai
Despite over two decades of extensive research showing that male circumcision protects against heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men, and that includes findings from large randomized controlled trials leading to acceptance by the WHO/UNAIDS and the Cochrane Committee, opponents of circumcision continue to generate specious arguments to the contrary. In a recent issue of the Journal of Public Health in Africa, Van Howe and Storms claim that male circumcision will increase HIV infections in Africa. Here we review the statements they use in support of their thesis and show that there is no scientific basis to such an assertion. We …
Recent Trends In Post-Discharge Mortality Among Patients With An Initial Acute Myocardial Infarction, Andrew Coles, Kimberly Fisher, Chad Darling, David Mcmanus, Oscar Maitas, Jorge Yarzebski, Joel Gore, Darleen Lessard, Robert Goldberg
Recent Trends In Post-Discharge Mortality Among Patients With An Initial Acute Myocardial Infarction, Andrew Coles, Kimberly Fisher, Chad Darling, David Mcmanus, Oscar Maitas, Jorge Yarzebski, Joel Gore, Darleen Lessard, Robert Goldberg
Jorge L. Yarzebski
The objectives of this study were to describe contemporary postdischarge death rates of patients hospitalized at all Worcester, Massachusetts, hospitals after initial acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs) and to examine factors associated with a poor prognosis. The medical records of patients discharged from 11 central Massachusetts medical centers after initial AMIs during 2001, 2003, 2005, and 2007 were reviewed, identifying 2,452 patients. This population was composed of predominantly older patients, men (58%), and whites. Overall, the 3-month, 1-year, and 2-year all-cause death rates were 8.9%, 16.4%, and 23.4%, respectively. Over time, reductions in postdischarge mortality were observed in crude as well …
Prediction Of Radiation Pneumonitis By Dose-Volume Histogram Parameters In Lung Cancer--A Systematic Review, George Rodrigues, Michael Lock, David D'Souza, Edward Yu, Jake Van Dyk
Prediction Of Radiation Pneumonitis By Dose-Volume Histogram Parameters In Lung Cancer--A Systematic Review, George Rodrigues, Michael Lock, David D'Souza, Edward Yu, Jake Van Dyk
Michael Lock
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To perform a systematic review of the predictive ability of various dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters (V(dose), mean lung dose (MLD), and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP)) in the incidence of radiation pneumonitis (RP) caused by external-beam radiation therapy.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: Studies assessing the relationship between CT-based DVH reduction parameters and RP rate in radically treated lung cancer were eligible for the review. Synonyms for RP, lung cancer, DVH and its associated parameters (NTCP, V(20), V(30), MLD) were combined in a search strategy involving electronic databases, secondary reference searching, and consultation with experts. Individual or group data …
Technology Assessment Of Automated Atlas Based Segmentation In Prostate Bed Contouring, Jeremiah Hwee, Alexander Louie, Stewart Gaede, Glenn Bauman, David D'Souza, Tracy Sexton, Michael Lock, Belal Ahmad, George Rodrigues
Technology Assessment Of Automated Atlas Based Segmentation In Prostate Bed Contouring, Jeremiah Hwee, Alexander Louie, Stewart Gaede, Glenn Bauman, David D'Souza, Tracy Sexton, Michael Lock, Belal Ahmad, George Rodrigues
Michael Lock
BACKGROUND: Prostate bed (PB) contouring is time consuming and associated with inter-observer variability. We evaluated an automated atlas-based segmentation (AABS) engine in its potential to reduce contouring time and inter-observer variability.
METHODS: An atlas builder (AB) manually contoured the prostate bed, rectum, left femoral head (LFH), right femoral head (RFH), bladder, and penile bulb of 75 post-prostatectomy cases to create an atlas according to the recent RTOG guidelines. 5 other Radiation Oncologists (RO) and the AABS contoured 5 new cases. A STAPLE contour for each of the 5 patients was generated. All contours were anonymized and sent back to the …
Australian Consumer Attitudes To Health Claim - Food Product Compatibility For Functional Foods, P. G. Williams, L. Ridges, M. Batterham, B. Ripper, M. C. Hung
Australian Consumer Attitudes To Health Claim - Food Product Compatibility For Functional Foods, P. G. Williams, L. Ridges, M. Batterham, B. Ripper, M. C. Hung
Dr Marijka Batterham
This study with Australian consumers investigated how appealing different health claims combined with particular food carriers were to Australian consumers, and compared the results of a similar study with Dutch consumers. 149 shoppers considered up to 30 different food concepts, rating how ‘attractive’, ‘believable’, and ‘new and different’ they found each concept and their ‘intention to try’. Each variable was significantly related to intention to try (p<0.001) and together explained 56% of the intention score. Claims and carriers independently had a significant effect on ratings of attractiveness and intention to try but, unlike the Dutch study, the carrier was a more important predictor of intention to purchase than the claim. Implications for regulation of health claims for food are discussed.
Prevention Of Fatal Opioid Overdose, Leo Beletsky
Prevention Of Fatal Opioid Overdose, Leo Beletsky
Leo Beletsky
Opioid overdose is a burgeoning public health crisis, accounting for at least 16,000 deaths annually in the United States. Opioid overdose occurs across sex, ethnic, age, and geographic strata and involves both medical and nonmedical opioid use. To date, federal government response has focused primarily on monitoring and securing the drug supply. This Viewpoint suggests various steps necessary to support a more comprehensive approach.
Hiv Risk Perception And Distribution Of Hiv Risk Among African, Caribbean And Other Black People: Mixed Methods Results From The Blacch Study, Shamara Baidoobonso, Greta Bauer, Kathy Speechley, Erica Lawson
Hiv Risk Perception And Distribution Of Hiv Risk Among African, Caribbean And Other Black People: Mixed Methods Results From The Blacch Study, Shamara Baidoobonso, Greta Bauer, Kathy Speechley, Erica Lawson
Shamara M Baidoobonso, PhD
Plain Language Summary: African, Caribbean and other Black people are a priority population for HIV prevention. This research found that perceptions about HIV risk in this population do not reflect actual risk. Furthermore, HIV risk behaviours in this population are more common among individuals with higher social standing. Background: African, Caribbean and other Black (ACB) people are a priority group for HIV prevention in Canada, but little is known about the epidemiology of HIV risk in this group. Furthermore, perceptions community members and service providers have about HIV risk may not reflect the overall distribution of risk in this population. …
Medical Malpractice Reform: A Societal Crisis Or Fear Marketing?, Phil Rutsohn, Andrew Sikula Sr.
Medical Malpractice Reform: A Societal Crisis Or Fear Marketing?, Phil Rutsohn, Andrew Sikula Sr.
Andrew Sikula, Sr.
This paper explores the primary issues surrounding the malpractice crisis currently facing the healthcare system and asks the question ‘is it truly a crisis or is it an effective marketing campaign waged by interested parties?’ The authors discuss the primary issues presented by both the supporters of tort reform and the opposition to tort reform. As is true for many issues in healthcare, final analysis suggests that tort reform is needed or not needed depends on the analysts' role in the system. The authors argue that the evidence suggests malpractice reform will produce desired results if the goal is to …
Commentary: The Role Of Food Culture And Marketing Activity In Health Disparities, Jerome Williams, David Crockett, Robert Harrison, Kevin Williams
Commentary: The Role Of Food Culture And Marketing Activity In Health Disparities, Jerome Williams, David Crockett, Robert Harrison, Kevin Williams
David Crockett
Marketing activities have attracted increased attention from scholars interested in racial disparities in obesity prevalence, as well as the prevalence of other preventable conditions. Although reducing the marketing of nutritionally poor foods to racial/ethnic communities would represent a significant step forward in eliminating racial disparities in health, we focus instead on a critical-related question. What is the relationship between marketing activities, food culture, and health disparities? This commentary posits that food culture shapes the demand for food and the meaning attached to particular foods, preparation styles, and eating practices, while marketing activities shape the overall environment in which food choices …
Accuracy Of Accelerometer Regression Models In Predicting Energy Expenditure And Mets In Children And Youth, Sofiya Alhassan, Kate Lyden, Cheryl Howe, Sarah Kozey Keadle, Ogechi Nwaokelemeh, Patty S. Freedson
Accuracy Of Accelerometer Regression Models In Predicting Energy Expenditure And Mets In Children And Youth, Sofiya Alhassan, Kate Lyden, Cheryl Howe, Sarah Kozey Keadle, Ogechi Nwaokelemeh, Patty S. Freedson
Sofiya Alhassan
This study examined the validity of commonly used regression equations for the Actigraph and Actical accelerometers in predicting energy expenditure (EE) in children and adolescents. Sixty healthy (8–16 yrs) participants completed four treadmill (TM) and five self-paced activities of daily living (ADL). Four Actigraph (AG) and three Actical (AC) regression equations were used to estimate EE. Bias (±95% CI) and root mean squared errors were used to assess the validity of the regression equations compared with indirect calorimetry. For children, the Freedson (AG) model accurately predicted EE for all activities combined and the Treuth (AG) model accurately predicted EE for …
Obamacare's Costs To The Working Class, David Gamage
Obamacare's Costs To The Working Class, David Gamage
David Gamage
No abstract provided.
Special Report: Hiv/Aids Service Needs Assessment, Shamara Baidoobonso, Roxanne Longman Marcellin, Leah Meidinger, Rob Haile, Harina Mokanan, Julius Ehiemua
Special Report: Hiv/Aids Service Needs Assessment, Shamara Baidoobonso, Roxanne Longman Marcellin, Leah Meidinger, Rob Haile, Harina Mokanan, Julius Ehiemua
Shamara M Baidoobonso, PhD
No abstract provided.
Introduction Of A Waterless Alcohol-Based Hand Rub In A Long-Term Care Facility, Lona Mody, Mcneil A. Shelly, Rongjun Sun, Bradley Suzanne, Carol A. Kauffman
Introduction Of A Waterless Alcohol-Based Hand Rub In A Long-Term Care Facility, Lona Mody, Mcneil A. Shelly, Rongjun Sun, Bradley Suzanne, Carol A. Kauffman
Rongjun Sun
OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of introduction of an alcohol-based hand rub on hand hygiene knowledge and compliance and hand colonization of healthcare workers (HCWs) in a long-term-care facility (LTCF). METHODS: Two floors of an LTCF participated. Ward A used the hand rub as an adjunct to soap and water; ward B was the control. HCWs' hands were cultured using the bag-broth technique for Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacilli (GNB), Candida, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). HCWs completed a questionnaire at baseline and after an educational intervention and introduction of rub. RESULTS: Hand hygiene practices, knowledge, and opinions did not change after …