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Articles 1 - 30 of 41
Full-Text Articles in Public Health
Ssrn As An Initial Revolution In Academic Knowledge Aggregation And Dissemination, David Bray, Sascha Vitzthum, Benn Konsynski
Ssrn As An Initial Revolution In Academic Knowledge Aggregation And Dissemination, David Bray, Sascha Vitzthum, Benn Konsynski
Sascha Vitzthum
Within this paper we consider our results of using the Social Science Research Network (SSRN) over a period of 18 months to distribute our working papers to the research community. Our experiences have been quite positive, with SSRN serving as a platform both to inform our colleagues about our research as well as inform us about related research (through email and telephoned conversations of colleagues who discovered our paper on SSRN). We then discuss potential future directions for SSRN to consider, and how SSRN might well represent an initial revolution in 21st century academic knowledge aggregation and dissemination. Our paper …
A Small Sample Correction For Estimating Attributable Risk In Case-Control Studies, Daniel B. Rubin
A Small Sample Correction For Estimating Attributable Risk In Case-Control Studies, Daniel B. Rubin
U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series
The attributable risk, often called the population attributable risk, is in many epidemiological contexts a more relevant measure of exposure-disease association than the excess risk, relative risk, or odds ratio. When estimating attributable risk with case-control data and a rare disease, we present a simple correction to the standard approach making it essentially unbiased, and also less noisy. As with analogous corrections given in Jewell (1986) for other measures of association, the adjustment often won't make a substantial difference unless the sample size is very small or point estimates are desired within fine strata, but we discuss the possible utility …
Spatial Misalignment In Time Series Studies Of Air Pollution And Health Data, Roger D. Peng, Michelle L. Bell
Spatial Misalignment In Time Series Studies Of Air Pollution And Health Data, Roger D. Peng, Michelle L. Bell
Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers
Time series studies of environmental exposures often involve comparing daily changes in a toxicant measured at a point in space with daily changes in an aggregate measure of health. Spatial misalignment of the exposure and response variables can bias the estimation of health risk and the magnitude of this bias depends on the spatial variation of the exposure of interest. In air pollution epidemiology, there is an increasing focus on estimating the health effects of the chemical components of particulate matter. One issue that is raised by this new focus is the spatial misalignment error introduced by the lack of …
Threat Perception As A Determinant Of Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Public Involvement In Air Pollution Abatement In Cache Valley, Utah, Joshua D. Marquit
Threat Perception As A Determinant Of Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Public Involvement In Air Pollution Abatement In Cache Valley, Utah, Joshua D. Marquit
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Threat perception related to environmental issues such as air pollution may be a determinant of pro-environmental behaviors. Among the potential threats of air pollution, include the perceived impacts on the psychological, social, and economic wellbeing of a community. Because of rapid increases in population growth, urbanization, and the mountainous landscapes, the American West is extremely susceptible to the adverse impacts of air pollution.
A secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the Air Quality Perception Survey conducted in Cache County, Utah. The survey focused on the public perception of air pollution in Cache County and perceived impact on personal …
Towards Self-Organizing, Smart Business Networks: Let’S Create ‘Life’ From Inert Information, David Bray, Benn Konsynski
Towards Self-Organizing, Smart Business Networks: Let’S Create ‘Life’ From Inert Information, David Bray, Benn Konsynski
David A. Bray
We review three different theories that can inform how researchers can determine the performance of smart business networks, to include: (1) the Theory of Evolution, (2) the Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm, and (3) research insights into computers and cognition. We suggest that each of these theories demonstrate that to be generally perceived as smart, an organism needs to be self-organizing, communicative, and tool-making. Consequentially, to determine the performance of a smart business network, we suggest that researchers need to determine the degree to which it is self-organizing, communicative, and tool-making. We then relate these findings to the Internet and …
Fluoranthene, But Not Benzo[A]Pyrene, Interacts With Hypoxia Resulting In Pericardial Effusion And Lordosis In Developing Zebrafish, Cole W. Matson, Alicia R. Timme-Laragy, Richard T. Di Giulio
Fluoranthene, But Not Benzo[A]Pyrene, Interacts With Hypoxia Resulting In Pericardial Effusion And Lordosis In Developing Zebrafish, Cole W. Matson, Alicia R. Timme-Laragy, Richard T. Di Giulio
Alicia R. Timme-Laragy
Previous research has documented several PAHs that interact synergistically, causing severe teratogenicity in developing fish embryos. The coexposure of CYP1A inhibitors (e.g. FL or ANF) with AHR agonists (e.g. BaP or BNF) results in a synergistic increase in toxicity. As with chemical CYP1A inhibitors, it has also been shown that CYP1A morpholinos exacerbate BNF-induced embryotoxicity. We hypothesized that a hypoxia-induced reduction in CYP1A activity in BNF or BaP-exposed zebrafish embryos would similarly enhance pericardial effusion and other developmental abnormalities. BaP, BNF, ANF, and FL exposures, both individually and as BaP+FL or BNF+ANF combinations, were performed under hypoxia and normoxia. CYP1A …
Inaugural Conference Of The Mosakowski Institute For Public Enterprise- Program, Jim Gomes
Inaugural Conference Of The Mosakowski Institute For Public Enterprise- Program, Jim Gomes
Mosakowski Institute for Public Enterprise
Program for University Research and the American Agenda: Discovering Knowledge, Enabling Leadership. The Inaugural Conference of the Mosakowski Institute for Public Enterprise.
Calibrating Parametric Subject-Specific Risk Estimation, Tianxi Cai, Lu Tian, Hajime Uno, Scott D. Solomon, L. J. Wei
Calibrating Parametric Subject-Specific Risk Estimation, Tianxi Cai, Lu Tian, Hajime Uno, Scott D. Solomon, L. J. Wei
Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series
No abstract provided.
Evaluating Subject-Level Incremental Values Of New Markers For Risk Classification Rule, Tianxi Cai, Lu Tian, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, L. J. Wei
Evaluating Subject-Level Incremental Values Of New Markers For Risk Classification Rule, Tianxi Cai, Lu Tian, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, L. J. Wei
Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series
No abstract provided.
The Association Of Maternal Intention To Breastfeed, Early Skin-To-Skin Mother/Infant Contact, And Exclusive Breastfeeding During The Maternity Hospital Stay, Leslie Mary Bramson
The Association Of Maternal Intention To Breastfeed, Early Skin-To-Skin Mother/Infant Contact, And Exclusive Breastfeeding During The Maternity Hospital Stay, Leslie Mary Bramson
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Breastfeeding is the optimal method to nourish and nurture an infant. Exclusive breastfeeding rates in the United States have reached the goal of Healthy People 2010 that 75% of mother's breastfeed in the immediate postpartum period. Yet, less than 35% of San Bernardino county mothers and 47.7% of Riverside county mothers are exclusively breastfeeding during their maternity hospital stays, with as many as 50% of the infants being weaned from the breast in the first 14 days of life.
This prospective study examined archived data collected by Perinatal Services Network (PSN) of Loma Linda University Medical Center/Children's Hospital for the …
Reframing Global Health & Environmental Issues In The 21st Century, Nat Quansah
Reframing Global Health & Environmental Issues In The 21st Century, Nat Quansah
Nat Quansah
No abstract provided.
Nonparametric Regression Using Local Kernel Estimating Equations For Correlated Failure Time Data, Zhangsheng Yu, Xihong Lin
Nonparametric Regression Using Local Kernel Estimating Equations For Correlated Failure Time Data, Zhangsheng Yu, Xihong Lin
Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series
No abstract provided.
A Comparison Of Methods For Estimating The Causal Effect Of A Treatment In Randomized Clinical Trials Subject To Noncompliance, Rod Little, Qi Long, Xihong Lin
A Comparison Of Methods For Estimating The Causal Effect Of A Treatment In Randomized Clinical Trials Subject To Noncompliance, Rod Little, Qi Long, Xihong Lin
Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series
No abstract provided.
Semiparametric Maximum Likelihood Estimation In Normal Transformation Models For Bivariate Survival Data, Yi Li, Ross L. Prentice, Xihong Lin
Semiparametric Maximum Likelihood Estimation In Normal Transformation Models For Bivariate Survival Data, Yi Li, Ross L. Prentice, Xihong Lin
Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series
No abstract provided.
Working Report On The Status Quo Of Nanomaterials Impact On Health And Environment, Harald Krug, Margarita Apostolova, Marite Arija Bake, Gordon Chambers, Horia Chiriac, Eva Herzog, Victoria Hand, Jürgen Höck, Peter Hoet, Nicoleta Lupu, Declan Mccormack, Maja Remskar, George Robillard, Jamila Smisterova, Jan Stetkiewicz, Speranta Tanasescu, Aris Tsatsakis, David Vaughn, Peter Wick, Jörg Wörle-Knirsch
Working Report On The Status Quo Of Nanomaterials Impact On Health And Environment, Harald Krug, Margarita Apostolova, Marite Arija Bake, Gordon Chambers, Horia Chiriac, Eva Herzog, Victoria Hand, Jürgen Höck, Peter Hoet, Nicoleta Lupu, Declan Mccormack, Maja Remskar, George Robillard, Jamila Smisterova, Jan Stetkiewicz, Speranta Tanasescu, Aris Tsatsakis, David Vaughn, Peter Wick, Jörg Wörle-Knirsch
Articles
Nanotechnology is regarded as one of the key technologies of the future and associated with high expectations by politics, science and economy. Artificially produced nanosized particles and nanoscale system components have new properties which are of importance for the development of new products and applications. Such new properties of materials and substances result from the special properties of surfaces and interfaces and in part, from the geometric shape of the material. In theory nanoparticles (NPs) can be produced from nearly any chemical; however, most NPs that are currently in use today have been made from transition metals, silicon, carbon (single-walled …
Plymouth-Carver Sole Source Aquifer: Regional Open Space Plan, Urban Harbors Institute, University Of Massachusetts Boston
Plymouth-Carver Sole Source Aquifer: Regional Open Space Plan, Urban Harbors Institute, University Of Massachusetts Boston
Urban Harbors Institute Publications
The second largest sole source aquifer in Massachusetts, the Plymouth-Carver Sole Source Aquifer (the Aquifer) covers 140 square miles underlying the towns of Plymouth, Carver, Kingston, Wareham, Plympton, Middleborough, and Bourne. The Aquifer contains over 500 billion gallons of fresh water (USGS 1992), and serves as a critical water resource for residential, commercial, and agricultural uses in the area. Though its resources are vast, they are not unlimited, nor are they unaffected by contamination.
On August 7, 1990, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released a notice announcing that the Plymouth-Carver Aquifer satisfies all criteria for designation as a sole source …
Knowledge, Perceptions, Beliefs And Behaviors Related To The Prevention Of Hypertension Among Black Seventh-Day Adventists Living In London, Maxine A. Newell
Knowledge, Perceptions, Beliefs And Behaviors Related To The Prevention Of Hypertension Among Black Seventh-Day Adventists Living In London, Maxine A. Newell
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
This study was a cross-sectional survey of the hypertension (HTN) knowledge and risk behaviors of Black Seventh-day Adventists (SDA) in London. Recruitment took take place in 17 predominantly Black SDA churches in London. A questionnaire assessed knowledge and lay-beliefs about HTN and perceptions towards HTN using the health belief model (HBM) constructs of susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy. Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale was incorporated into the questionnaire. Blood pressure, height, weight and waist circumference were and current lifestyles practices were evaluated for the presence of HTN risk factors.
Of the 312 volunteers, ages 25 to 79, 55% were born …
Doubly Robust Ecological Inference, Daniel B. Rubin, Mark J. Van Der Laan
Doubly Robust Ecological Inference, Daniel B. Rubin, Mark J. Van Der Laan
U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series
The ecological inference problem is a famous longstanding puzzle that arises in many disciplines. The usual formulation in epidemiology is that we would like to quantify an exposure-disease association by obtaining disease rates among the exposed and unexposed, but only have access to exposure rates and disease rates for several regions. The problem is generally intractable, but can be attacked under the assumptions of King's (1997) extended technique if we can correctly specify a model for a certain conditional distribution. We introduce a procedure that it is a valid approach if either this original model is correct or if we …
The Guacamole Fund Presents...
The Guacamole Fund Presents...
Native American Forum on Nuclear Issues
Special Bonnie Raitt Benefit Tickets
Is Reporting On Interventions A Weak Link In Understanding How And Why They Work? A Preliminary Exploration Using Community Heart Health Exemplars, Barbara Riley, Joanne Macdonald, Omaima Mansi, Anita Kothari, Donna Kurtz, Linda Vontettenborn, Nancy Edwards
Is Reporting On Interventions A Weak Link In Understanding How And Why They Work? A Preliminary Exploration Using Community Heart Health Exemplars, Barbara Riley, Joanne Macdonald, Omaima Mansi, Anita Kothari, Donna Kurtz, Linda Vontettenborn, Nancy Edwards
Anita Kothari
Background: The persistent gap between research and practice compromises the impact of multi-level and multi-strategy community health interventions. Part of the problem is a limited understanding of how and why interventions produce change in population health outcomes. Systematic investigation of these intervention processes across studies requires sufficient reporting about interventions. Guided by a set of best processes related to the design, implementation, and evaluation of community health interventions, this article presents preliminary findings of intervention reporting in the published literature using community heart health exemplars as case examples.
Methods: The process to assess intervention reporting involved three steps: selection of …
The Impact Of Being Born With Cleft And Cleft Reparative Surgery On Overall Health And Speech Outcomes, Khatansuudal Evsanaa
The Impact Of Being Born With Cleft And Cleft Reparative Surgery On Overall Health And Speech Outcomes, Khatansuudal Evsanaa
Master's Theses
Orofacial cleft is one of the most common and treatable birth defects in the world. If left untreated, orofacial cleft can impair normal speech development, growth, and could lead to a number of health consequences later in life. The main motivation of the study is to measure the impact of being born with cleft and the cleft reparative surgery on overall speech and health cleft for teenagers in India using difference-in-differences approach along with household fixed effects method. An overall health outcome was measured using height, weight, grip strength and BMI, and the speech acceptability was measured using a “Universal …
Nuclear Energy, Steve Kraft
Nuclear Energy, Steve Kraft
Native American Forum on Nuclear Issues
Abstract:
-Why Nuclear Energy?
-The lesson of the last 20 years in U.S. electricity policy:
– Diversified fuel and technology portfolio is essential
– All fuels and technologies (nuclear, coal, natural gas, renewables, efficiency) have a legitimate role
-The challenge for the future:
– Preserving/restoring diversified portfolio
– Ensuring resource adequacy, particularly in competitive markets
-Expanded use of nuclear energy is part of the answer
– Integrated used fuel management supports nuclear competitiveness
Nrc’S Decision Process: Judging The Safety Of A Proposed Repository, Janet Kotra
Nrc’S Decision Process: Judging The Safety Of A Proposed Repository, Janet Kotra
Native American Forum on Nuclear Issues
Abstract:
-Provide an overview of the role of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) at Yucca Mountain
-Describe the process NRC will use to decide whether or not to authorize construction of a repository at Yucca Mountain
-Explain options and highlight important milestones that apply to Tribes as potential participants in NRC’s process
Native American Forum On Nuclear Issues Meet And Greet, Slideshow, And Attendance List
Native American Forum On Nuclear Issues Meet And Greet, Slideshow, And Attendance List
Native American Forum on Nuclear Issues
Slideshow, 58 PowerPoint slides & Attendance list
Yucca Mountain- Could The End Be Near?, Steve Frishman
Yucca Mountain- Could The End Be Near?, Steve Frishman
Native American Forum on Nuclear Issues
Presentation & Biography
Fighting Nuclear Waste At Skull Valley, Margene Bullcreek
Fighting Nuclear Waste At Skull Valley, Margene Bullcreek
Native American Forum on Nuclear Issues
Abstract:
-Reasons We Oppose Nuclear Waste
-Sovereignty
-Traditional values must be protected
-Protect sacredness of our culture, plants,
animals, air, and water
-Affects on community health
-Protect reservation and homeland
-To protect the air and water
-To protect future generations
-Environmental Justice
Native American Forum On Nuclear Issues Agenda
Native American Forum On Nuclear Issues Agenda
Native American Forum on Nuclear Issues
Conference agenda
Sponsored by: UNLV Department of Environmental Studies, UNLV Libraries, UNLV Department of History, UNLV Department of Sociology and the Native Community Action Council
Abstracts In High Profile Journals Often Fail To Report Harm, Enrique Bernal-Delgado, Elliot S. Fisher
Abstracts In High Profile Journals Often Fail To Report Harm, Enrique Bernal-Delgado, Elliot S. Fisher
Dartmouth Scholarship
To describe how frequently harm is reported in the abstract of high impact factor medical journals. We carried out a blinded structured review of a random sample of 363 Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) carried out on human beings, and published in high impact factor medical journals in 2003. Main endpoint: 1) Proportion of articles reporting harm in the abstract; and 2) Proportion of articles that reported harm in the abstract when harm was reported in the main body of the article. Analysis: Corrected Prevalence Ratio (cPR) and its exact confidence interval were calculated. Non-conditional logistic regression was used.
Targeted Methods For Biomarker Discovery, The Search For A Standard, Catherine Tuglus, Mark J. Van Der Laan
Targeted Methods For Biomarker Discovery, The Search For A Standard, Catherine Tuglus, Mark J. Van Der Laan
U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series
More often than not biomarker studies analyze large quantities of variables with complicated and generally unknown correlation structure. There are numerous statistical methods which attempt to unravel these variables and determine the underlying mechanism through identification of causally related biomarkers. Results from these methods are generally difficult to interpret and nearly impossible to compare across studies. The FDA has currently called for a standardization of methods and protocol for biomarker detection. In response, we propose targeted variable importance (tVIM) as a standardized method for biomarker discovery. Through the use of targeted Maximum Likelihood, tVIM provides double robust estimates of variable …
Marginal Structural Models For Partial Exposure Regimes, Stijn Vansteelandt, Karl Mertens, Carl Suetens, Els Goetghebeur
Marginal Structural Models For Partial Exposure Regimes, Stijn Vansteelandt, Karl Mertens, Carl Suetens, Els Goetghebeur
Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series
Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are ell known to be highly susceptible for nosocomial (i.e. hospital-acquired) infections due to their poor health and many invasive therapeutic treatments. The effects of acquiring such infections in ICU on mortality are however ill understood. Our goal is to quantify these effects using data from the National Surveillance Study of Nosocomial Infections in Intensive Care
Units (Belgium). This is a challenging problem because of the presence of time-dependent confounders (such as exposure to mechanical ventilation)which lie on the causal path from infection to mortality. Standard statistical analyses may be severely misleading in such settings …