Public Health Commons^™

How Medicaid And Other Public Policies Affect Use Of Tobacco Cessation Therapy, United States, 2010-2014., Leighton Ku, Erin Brantley, Tyler Bysshe, Erika Steinmetz, Brian K. Bruen

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

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INTRODUCTION: State Medicaid programs can cover tobacco cessation therapies for millions of low-income smokers in the United States, but use of this benefit is low and varies widely by state. This article assesses the effects of changes in Medicaid benefit policies, general tobacco policies, smoking norms, and public health programs on the use of cessation therapy among Medicaid smokers.

METHODS: We used longitudinal panel analysis, using 2-way fixed effects models, to examine the effects of changes in state policies and characteristics on state-level use of Medicaid tobacco cessation medications from 2010 through 2014.

RESULTS: Medicaid policies that require patients to …

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Perceived Ethnic Discrimination And Depressive Symptoms Among Biethnic Adolescents In South Korea., Gum Ryeong Park, Son Inseo, Seung-Sup Kim

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

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Objectives

This study investigated the association between perceived ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms among biethnic adolescents in South Korea.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study of 4141 biethnic adolescents using data from the 2012 National Survey of Multicultural Families. Perceived ethnic discrimination was measured using the question “Have you ever been discriminated against or ignored because either of your parents is not a Korean?” with an assessment of depressive symptoms over the past 12 months. Logistic regression was applied to examine potential associations between perceived ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms.

Results

Among 4141 biethnic adolescents, 558 (13.5%) reported having experienced …

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Enhancing Access To Alcohol Use Disorder Pharmacotherapy And Treatment In Primary Care Settings: Adapt-Pc, Hildi J. Hagedorn, Randall Brown, Michael Dawes, Eric Diepernick, Donald Myrick, Elizabeth M. Oliva, Todd H. Wagner, Jennifer P. Wisdom, Alex Harris

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

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Background: Only 7.8% of individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD) receive treatment in a given year. Most individuals with AUDs are identified in primary care (PC) settings and referred to substance use disorders (SUD) clinics; however, only a minority of those referred attend treatment services. Safe and effective pharmacological treatments for AUD exist, but they are rarely prescribed by PC providers. The objective of this study is to refine, implement, and evaluate an intervention to integrate pharmacological AUD treatment options into PC settings. This paper provides a detailed description of the intervention design and the evaluation components. …

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Quantifying Syringe Exchange Program Operational Space In The District Of Columbia., Sean T. Allen, Monica Ruiz, Jeff Jones

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

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Syringe exchange programs (SEPs) are effective structural interventions for HIV prevention among persons who inject drugs. In 2000, a buffer zone policy (the 1000 Foot Rule) was implemented in Washington, DC, that prohibited SEP operations within 1000 feet of schools. We examined changes in the amount of legal SEP operational space over time. We used data pertaining to school operations and their approximate physical property boundaries to quantify the impact of the 1000 Foot Rule on legal SEP operational space from its implementation in 2000-2013. Adherence to the 1000 Foot Rule reduced SEP operational space by more than 50 % …

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(Video) Maternal Depression And Child Externalizing Behaviors, Julia Gruspier, Shannon Shisler, Rina C. Eiden

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

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About 10.97% of women with children aged 1 to 4 years old are identified with depression. Children of mothers with depression are more likely to exhibit externalizing behavior problems, and these problems have been reported to appear more frequently in male children. We examined the association between maternal depression and externalizing behavior in toddlers, and whether child sex moderated these effects, as previous studies have shown child behavior to be linked to both child sex and maternal depression. The sample included 186 mother/child dyads (95 male children) who were recruited in the first trimester of pregnancy from an urban hospital. …

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Smoking Characteristics And Psychiatric Comorbidities Of Pregnant Smokers: An Analysis Of Quit4baby Randomized Controlled Trial, Shawn Chiang, Lorien C. Abroms, Jennifer M. Schindler-Ruwisch, Leah E. Leavitt

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

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Background: Text messaging or short message service (SMS) programs have been shown to be effective in helping adult smokers quit smoking (Abroms et al., 2014). However, to our knowledge, no prior research has examined psychiatric comorbidities associated with smoking in the text messaging context. The risk of smoking has been shown to increase as a function of the number of psychiatric illnesses with which a person is diagnosed (Aubin, Rollema, Svensson, & Winterer, 2012). The current study examined this association and other correlates of smoking-psychiatric comorbidity in a sample of U.S. pregnant smokers enrolled in Quit4Baby, a smoking cessation text …

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A Systematic Review Of Coal Fired Power Plant Proximity And Local Socioeconomic Status Trends And Outcomes, Oshane Mcrae, Peter Lapuma

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

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Among the significant sources of energy, coal based energy bears the largest share (42%) of the electricity produced in the United States. Already existing coal fired power plants are the largest emitter of carbon dioxide emissions in the United States. Among the cumulative emissions contributed by the industrial sector, significant portions are from coal fired power plants. Coal-fired power plants emit 66% of sulfur oxides, 40% of carbon dioxide, 33% of mercury and 22% of nitrogen oxides in the U.S. and are linked as risk factors to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and other ailments shown to impact environmental and human …

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Assessing The Effectiveness Of Partners In Quitting, A Text Message-Based Smoking Cessation Program, Rachael Schoenbrun

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

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This presentation will discuss the implementation of Partners in Quitting, a new text message-based smoking cessation program. It will also provide preliminary data on client engagement rates, program effectiveness, and program challenges. Partners in Quitting is an outreach program that has been implemented at Bread for the City, a large DC hub for free health and social services. Partners in Quitting provides an evidence-based, easily accessible, and comprehensive smoking cessation program to the clients of Bread for the City.

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Assessing Syringe Exchange Program Access Among Persons Who Inject Drugs (Pwid) In The District Of Columbia, Sean T. Allen, Monica S. Ruiz, Jeff Jones

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

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Prior research has explored spatial access to syringe exchange programs (SEPs) among persons who inject drugs (PWID), but these studies have been based on limited data from short periods of time. No research has explored changes in spatial access to SEPs among PWID longitudinally. The purpose of this research is to examine spatial access to SEPs among PWID who accessed services at a SEP in Washington, District of Columbia (DC), from 1996 to 2010. The geometric point distance estimation technique was used to calculate the mean walking distance PWID traveled from the centroid point of their zip code of home …

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Enhancing Access To Alcohol Use Disorder Pharmacotherapy And Treatment In Primary Care Settings: Adapt-Pc., Hildi Hagedorn, Randall Brown, Michael Dawes, Eric Dieperink, Donald Hugh Myrick, Elizabeth Oliva, Todd Wagner, Jennifer P. Wisdom, Alex Harris

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

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BACKGROUND: Only 7.8 % of individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD) receive treatment in a given year. Most individuals with AUDs are identified in primary care (PC) settings and referred to substance use disorders (SUD) clinics; however, only a minority of those referred attend treatment services. Safe and effective pharmacological treatments for AUD exist, but they are rarely prescribed by PC providers. The objective of this study is to refine, implement, and evaluate an intervention to integrate pharmacological AUD treatment options into PC settings. This paper provides a detailed description of the intervention design and the evaluation …

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Relationship Of Suicide Rates With Climate And Economic Variables In Europe During 2000–2012, Konstantinos Fountoulakis, Isaia Chatzikosta, Konstantinos Pastiadis, Prodromos Zanis, Wolfram Kawohl, Eliot Sorel, +45 Additional Authors

Global Health Faculty Publications

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Background

It is well known that suicidal rates vary considerably among European countries and the reasons for this are unknown, although several theories have been proposed. The effect of economic variables has been extensively studied but not that of climate.

Methods

Data from 29 European countries covering the years 2000–2012 and concerning male and female standardized suicidal rates (according to WHO), economic variables (according World Bank) and climate variables were gathered. The statistical analysis included cluster and principal component analysis and categorical regression.

Results

The derived models explained 62.4 % of the variability of male suicidal rates. Economic variables alone …

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Smoking Cessation Support For Pregnant Women: Role Of Mobile Technology., Christina L Heminger, Jennifer M. Schindler-Ruwisch, Lorien C. Abroms

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

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BACKGROUND: Smoking during pregnancy has deleterious health effects for the fetus and mother. Given the high risks associated with smoking in pregnancy, smoking cessation programs that are designed specifically for pregnant smokers are needed. This paper summarizes the current landscape of mHealth cessation programs aimed at pregnant smokers and where available reviews evidence to support their use.

METHODS: A search strategy was conducted in June-August 2015 to identify mHealth programs with at least one component or activity that was explicitly directed at smoking cessation assistance for pregnant women. The search for text messaging programs and applications included keyword searches within …

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Legal Space For Syringe Exchange Programs In Hot Spots Of Injection Drug Use-Related Crime., Sean T Allen, Monica S. Ruiz, Jeff Jones, Monique M Turner

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

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BACKGROUND: Copious evidence indicates that syringe exchange programs (SEPs) are effective structural interventions for HIV prevention among persons who inject drugs (PWID). The efficacy of SEPs in supporting the public health needs of PWID populations is partially dependent on their accessibility and consistent utilization among injectors. Research has shown that SEP access is an important predictor of PWID retention at SEPs, yet policies exist that may limit the geographic areas where SEP operations may legally occur. Since 2000 in the District of Columbia (DC), SEP operations have been subject to the 1000 Foot Rule (§48-1121), a policy that prohibits the …

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Enhancing Access To Alcohol Use Disorder Pharmacotherapy And Treatment In Primary Care Settings: Adapt-Pc., Hildi J Hagedorn, Randall Brown, Michael Dawes, Eric Dieperink, Donald Hugh Myrick, Elizabeth M Oliva, Todd H Wagner, Jennifer P. Wisdom, Alex H S Harris

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

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BACKGROUND: Only 7.8 % of individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD) receive treatment in a given year. Most individuals with AUDs are identified in primary care (PC) settings and referred to substance use disorders (SUD) clinics; however, only a minority of those referred attend treatment services. Safe and effective pharmacological treatments for AUD exist, but they are rarely prescribed by PC providers. The objective of this study is to refine, implement, and evaluate an intervention to integrate pharmacological AUD treatment options into PC settings. This paper provides a detailed description of the intervention design and the evaluation …

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