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Evaluation The Effectiveness Of Abridged Imnci (7-Day) Course V Standard (11-Day) Course In Pakistan, Shabina Ariff, Kamran Sadiq, Uswa Jiwani, Khalil Ahmad, Khadija N Humayun, Shakeel Ahmed, Shaikh Qamaruddin Nizami, Iqtidar Khan, Nabeela Ali, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: The conventional IMCI training for healthcare providers is delivered in 11 days, which can be expensive and disruptive to the normal clinical routines of the providers. An equally effective, shorter training course may address these challenges.
Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study in two provinces (Sindh and Punjab) of Pakistan. 104 healthcare providers were conveniently selected to receive either the abridged (7-day) or the standard (11-day) training. Knowledge and clinical skills of the participants were assessed before, immediately on conclusion of, and six months after the training.
Results: The improvement in mean knowledge scores of the 7-day and 11-day …

Association Of Maternal Prenatal Selenium Concentration And Preterm Birth: A Multicountry Meta-Analysis, Nagendra Monangi, Huan Xu, Waqasuddin Khan, Furqan Kabir, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Aneeta Hotwani, Usma Mehmood, Ambreen Nizar, Javairia Khalid, Fyezah Jehan

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Selenium (Se), an essential trace mineral, has been implicated in preterm birth (PTB). We aimed to determine the association of maternal Se concentrations during pregnancy with PTB risk and gestational duration in a large number of samples collected from diverse populations.
Methods: Gestational duration data and maternal plasma or serum samples of 9946 singleton live births were obtained from 17 geographically diverse study cohorts. Maternal Se concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis. The associations between maternal Se with PTB and gestational duration were analysed using logistic and linear regressions. The results were then combined using …

Factors Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease Of Non-Traditional Causes Among Children In Guatemala, Alejandro Cerón, Brooke M. Ramay, Luis Pablo Méndez-Alburez, Randall Lou-Meda

Anthropology: Faculty Scholarship

Objective. To identify factors associated with chronic kidney disease of non-traditional causes among children in Guatemala. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. The study population was all pediatric patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease active in FUNDANIER’s pediatric nephrology unit (N = 156). Simple random sampling led to a total of 100 participants. Data collection consisted of a questionnaire addressing individual and household characteristics, access and utilization of health care, and place of residence when the disease began. Chronic kidney disease etiology was obtained from medical records. Municipality-level secondary data were collected. Descriptive statistics were estimated. Logistic regression was …

Adolescent Health In The Sustainable Development Goal Era: Are We Aligned For Multisectoral Action?, Asha George, Tanya Jacobs, Rajani Ved, Troy Jacobs, Kumanan Rasanathan, Shehla Zaidi

Community Health Sciences

Adolescents are an increasing proportion of low and middle-income country populations. Their coming of age is foundational for health behaviour, as well as social and productive citizenship. We mapped intervention areas for adolescent sexual and reproductive health, including HIV, mental health and violence prevention to sectors responsible for them using a framework that highlights settings, roles and alignment. Out of 11 intervention areas, health is the lead actor for one, and a possible lead actor for two other interventions depending on the implementation context. All other interventions take place outside of the health sector, with the health sector playing a …

Assessment Of Knowledge, Attitude, And Practice Of Child Abuse Amongst Health Care Professionals Working In Tertiary Care Hospitals Of Karachi, Pakistan, Khuld Nihan, Aamir Makda, Huzaifah Salat, Munawar Khursheed, Jabeen Fayyaz, Uzma Rahim Khan

Department of Emergency Medicine

Introduction: UNICEF report (2004) states that a significant percentage of total child population under the age of 5 years suffered malnutrition. Child sexual abuse remains undiscussed across Pakistan. Health care professionals (HCPs) are usually the first notifiers of child abuse and are ethically obliged to manage and report it.
Objective: This study was conducted to assess HCPs' response in dealing with patients of child abuse. With a better understanding, we can have a better outcome for the victims.
Methods: A total of 101 participants filled out a structured questionnaire by HCPs working in three tertiary hospitals of Karachi i.e., Aga …

Delivering Maternal And Neonatal Health Interventions In Conflict Settings: A Systematic Review, Mariella Munyuzangabo, Michelle F. Gaffey, Dina S. Khalifa, Daina Als, Anushka Ataullahjan, Mahdis Kamali, Reena P. Jain, Sarah Meteke, Amruta Radhakrishnan, Shailja Shah, Fahad J. Siddiqui, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Background: While much progress was made throughout the Millennium Development Goals era in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality, both remain unacceptably high, especially in areas affected by humanitarian crises. While valuable guidance on interventions to improve maternal and neonatal health in both non-crisis and crisis settings exists, guidance on how best to deliver these interventions in crisis settings, and especially in conflict settings, is still limited. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the available literature on the delivery on maternal and neonatal health interventions in conflict settings.
Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases using terms related to …

Policies Addressing Barriers To Low-Income Women And Children’S Health Care Utilization In The United States And Kenya: The Role Of Physician Payments And Cash Transfer Programs, Muloongo Simuzingili

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation examined two policies to improve low-income women and children’s healthcare utilization: physician payments and cash transfer programs. Higher physician payments increase the supply of healthcare services while cash transfers increase individuals’ demand for healthcare services. Cash transfer programs can improve health outcomes, yet the extent to which they are a cost-effective strategy is largely understudied. Therefore, this dissertation examines three overarching research questions:

1. Are Medicaid physician fees associated with access to substance abuse disorder (SUD) treatment among low-income women of reproductive age?
2. Do economic preferences moderate cash transfer program effects on children’s health care utilization? Evidence from a …