Public Health Commons^™

Impact Of Diabetic Education On Reducing Hospital Readmission Rates: A Literature Review Of Adults With Diabetes, Frank Camarda

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

According to 2018 data from the Diabetes Institute Foundation, adults in the U.S. diagnosed with diabetes accounted for 17 million emergency department visits. The readmission rate for patients with diabetes far exceeds the general readmission rates for hospitalized patients. While there is recognition of the need for diabetic education to reduce hospital readmissions, optimizing long-term self-management of diabetics remains a focus of ongoing research.

Exploring Geriatric Self Management Of Type 2 Dm: A Systematic Review, Ahmed Gawash, David F. Lo, Kunal P. Shah, Jasmine Emanuel, Brandon Goodwin, Don D. Shamilov, Gaurav Kumar, Nathan Jean, Christian P. White

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

This review explores diabetic self-management in geriatric individuals, focusing on positive attitudes and support from family/friends as crucial for self-care optimization. A comprehensive search in health databases was conducted, which involved screening 248 participants across eight qualitative research studies. Themes emphasizing the importance of listening to one’s body, acknowledging hidden issues, and recognizing the impact of various factors on diabetes self-care were established. A holistic approach to self management, emphasizing the significance of positive attitudes, cultural sensitivity, and individual values in healthcare practices is recommended. Embracing cultural diversity and addressing barriers can enhance self-management and quality of life for geriatric …

Diabetes Health Education For South Jersey Communities, Heaven Chu, Sarah Tamous, Ashhabal Kavvi, Amin Khan

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Diabetes is a chronic health condition that hinders the body’s metabolic process using insulin to maintain glycemic homeostasis. It is prevalent worldwide, with about 10% of the global adult population affected. Socio-economic and cultural factors and determinants make diabetes and diabetes management more of a health risk for certain populations rather than others. The prevalence of diabetes in the United States is higher than the global average and the risk factors disproportionately affect disadvantaged communities.

This study was designed to investigate health disparities in diabetes among a diverse population sample. The study included researching the disparities of diabetes patients in …

Community Healthcare Workers (Chw) High-Risk Stabilization Study: Does The Ability Of Chws At Mobile Covid Clinics To Link Patients With Uncontrolled Diabetes To A Physician Improve Short Term Outcomes?, Mo Hadaya, Venkateswar Venkataraman, Jaimy D. Jabon, Kenneth W. Stagliano, Richard T. Jermyn

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Uncontrolled diabetes may cause preventable but significant effects. One major preventative measure is early screening; there are hopes that community healthcare workers can increase awareness and screening availability, especially in underserved populations. We hosted and recorded logs of patients at mobile COVID health clinics, educating those with uncontrolled diabetes and connecting them to healthcare. We then looked to see if any patients had improvements in blood glucose to non-diabetic levels. 378 patients were logged, but only 138 were in events that had a significant amount of repeat visits. Twenty-five of them had blood sugar indicative of uncontrolled diabetes. Out of …

Relationship Between Gut Microbiota And Dementia, Saad Ahmed, Zackary Harris, Russell David Levi

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

This paper explores the complex relationship between gut microbiota, dietary habits, and dementia, focusing particularly on Alzheimer's disease (AD). Growing evidence suggests a significant link between the composition of gut bacteria, dietary choices, and susceptibility to dementia. Notably, individuals with dementia demonstrate a noticeable reduction in gut bacteria diversity, highlighting the crucial role of a balanced microbiome in maintaining cognitive health. Conversely, dietary preferences characterized by excessive consumption of processed foods and sugars are associated with an increased risk of dementia, emphasizing the critical influence of diet on shaping gut microbiota and subsequent neurocognitive outcomes. Importantly, dietary interventions featuring a …

Prevalence Of Liver Cirrhosis And Its Association With Obesity Among Mexican Americans: An Evidence Synthesis, Alexa Perlick, Abaigeal Thompson, Colton Wayne, Angel Rendon, Jose E. Campo Maldonado

Research Colloquium

Introduction: Chronic liver disease is the 6^th and 7^th leading cause of death in Hispanic men and Hispanics, respectively.¹ In contrast to other causes of liver disease, the prevalence of nonalcoholic liver disease has been growing as is diabetes and obesity.²

Objective: There is a paucity of data regarding the prevalence of cirrhosis for Mexican Americans in South Texas. The aim of this evidence synthesis is to investigate the prevalence of cirrhosis in Hispanic populations and its relationship with obesity.

Methods: PubMed was used to perform a thorough literature search on September10, 2020. The terms “liver …

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Burden Of Disease In Brazil Between 1990 To 2019: A Nationwide Descriptive Analysis Of The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Lucas Helal, Paula Portal Teixeira, Lucas Scotta Cabral, Tiago Montes, Rita Mattiello, Bárbara Niégia Garcia De Goulart, Bruce Bartholow Duncan

AMNET Conferencia Internacional

This is a Brazilian nationwide analysis of the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus along the 26 states and federal district, between 1990 up to 2019. In summary, through spatiotemporal Gaussian regression methods, we estimated the attributable share of T2DM for prevalence, deaths, DALYs, YLLs and YLDs in Brazilian population. Moreover, we sought to investigate the behavior of top risk factors for T2DM and the attributable impact in burden of disease outcomes accordingly. We also investigated whether the geolocation and time, as well as the socio demographic index, would have any ecological relationship with different levels of disease and risk …

Asociación Geoespacial Entre Variables Clínicas Y Sociodemográficas Y El Control De La Hemoglobina Glicosilada En Pacientes Colombianos Con Diagnóstico De Diabetes. Un Estudio De Fuente Secundaria A Nivel Departamental., Juan Pablo Pérez Bedoya, Lina Marcela Ruiz Galvis, Elizabeth Herrera Franco, Flor Enid Taparcua Cardona, Oscar Ignacio Mendoza Cardozo, Carlos Andrés Pérez Aguirre, Noël Christopher Barengo, Paula Andrea Diaz Valencia

AMNET Conferencia Internacional

Objetivo: Examinar la asociación espacial a nivel departamental entre variables clínicas/sociodemográficas y el porcentaje de pacientes con diabetes que presentan un nivel de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) < 7%.

Métodos: Estudio ecológico de fuentes secundarias con datos agregados a nivel departamental, obtenidos del Instituto de Estadística y de la Cuenta de Alto Costo para el año 2021. Se recolectó información sobre la proporción de pacientes con diabetes que presentaban un índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 20 a 25 kg/m², lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL) < 100 mg/dl, presión arterial (PA) < 140/90 mmHg, HbA1c < 7% y el índice de pobreza multidimensional (IPM). Calculamos estadísticos locales de asociación espacial con matriz de contigüidad tipo reina de primer orden y un nivel de pseudosignificación del 0,05.

Resultados: Todas las variables analizadas presentaron autocorrelación espacial con un I de Morán global positivo y …

Letramento Em Saúde E Adesão Terapêutica De Pacientes Com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, Paula Horn Blacher, Isabela Rosendo Mendonça, Carolina Steiner Vieira, Lucas Kerber Corrêa, Felipe Laurindo Nunes, Pedro Miguel Ghizoni Pereira, Lorena Pascoal Martins, Ludmila Ferreira Da Costa, Betine Pinto Moehlecke Iser Dr

AMNET Conferencia Internacional

Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre o Letramento em Saúde e a adesão terapêutica de pacientes com Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Métodos: estudo transversal com pacientes DM2, em tratamento medicamentoso há pelo menos seis meses, em atendimento ambulatorial, entre junho e dezembro de 2021. Utilizou-se o questionário Morisky Medication Adherence Scale para avaliar a adesão terapêutica, e a versão adaptada para o Brasil do Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults que avalia a leitura funcional e entendimento das orientações médicas, variável dependente do estudo. As diferenças foram avaliadas pelo teste de ANOVA e Exato de Fisher e correlação de …

Achievement Of Treatment Goals And Mortality In Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: The Elsa-Brasil Study, Bruna Chwal, Rodrigo Dos Reis, Maria Inês Schmidt, Sandhi Maria Barreto, Rosane Harter Griep, Bruce Duncan

AMNET Conferencia Internacional

Objectives: To characterize the risk of death according to the achievement of blood glucose, hypertension, and lipid goals in middle-aged and elderly Brazilian adults with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) is an occupational cohort initiated in 2008 and followed through 2019. We ascertained known diabetes by self-reported diagnosis or anti-diabetic medication use. We measured glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and LDL-c centrally. We used 2022 American Diabetes Association treatment targets: HbA1c

Results: After 11 (1.8) years of follow-up, 272 of the 2492 participants with known diabetes had died. Within-target HbA1c was associated with the greatest …

Internações Por Diabetes Mellitus Nas Regiões E Unidades Federativas Do Brasil: Tendência Temporal Entre 2011 E 2019., Ludmila Ferreira Da Costa, Taisa Lara Sampaio, Lenildo De Moura Dr, Roger Dos Santos Rosa Dr, Betine Pinto Moehlecke Iser Dr

AMNET Conferencia Internacional

Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal das internações ocorridas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), nas Regiões e Unidades Federativas no Brasil, com o diagnóstico principal de diabetes mellitus (DM), entre 2011 e 2019. Método: Estudo ecológico com análise de séries temporais dos dados secundários provenientes do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), referentes a população brasileira. Foram incluídas os residentes no Brasil que foram internados por DM (CID10 - E10 ao E14). A tendência temporal foi analisada por regressão linear generalizada de Prais-Winstern, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: De 2011 a 2019, foram registradas …

Outcomes In Type Ii Diabetes Patients Through The Covid 19 Pandemic A Retrospective Chart Review, Zurwa Nishat, Tara Pellegrino, Robert Steer

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Context: The COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity for urgent expansion of telemedicine services as providers continued to supply longitudinal care to patients. Patients with type II diabetes were vulnerable to serious infection with COVID-19 as well as disruption in management of their chronic disease.

Objective: To delineate the outcomes in type II diabetes patients through the COVID-19 pandemic by a retrospective chart review in which disease management was evaluated through HbA1c levels and BMI.

Methods: This retrospective chart review included adult T2DM patients receiving care from five university family medicine offices in NJ. HbA1c levels and BMI values were …

Immigration Status And Household Income As Predictors Of Childhood Obesity, Bhaumik Patel, Jeffery Powers

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Childhood obesity rates have been on a remarkably steep rise in recent years. According to recent literature, the rate in the United States alone has more than doubled compared to other regions in the world such as Australia, Canada and Europe1,2 . Especially in the African immigrant community, there has been speculation of a higher prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States3 . This warranted further investigation into demographic factors impacting childhood obesity rates and their subsequent consequences with other clinical diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. The CDC reports that in 2011-2014, among individuals ages 2 to …

Global Comparison Of Health Policies Focused On Gestational Diabetes: Recognizing Pertinent Gaps, Muskanjot Kaur, Isvita Marfatia, Samarth Gupta, Swetha Sundaram, Anudeep Deevi, Venkat Venkataraman

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition that affects 14.7% of women globally and occurs when a mother develops diabetes during the course of her pregnancy.1 Increased insulin resistance in pregnant mothers can lead to further complications, such as a larger baby, increased risk of the baby developing Type II diabetes, having low blood sugar, and even premature birth, which can lead to respiratory issues. The lack of policies in place to address GDM in various countries worldwide highlights the need for this literature. It is necessary to compile policies that are currently in place and to further discuss …

Clinical Practice Workflow Implementation For The Improvement Of Diabetic Metric Compliance, Sugosh Anur, Sohil Khanna, Alison Mancuso, Alexander Kowalski

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Recent guidance suggests the management of screen-detected diabetes can be optimized using multifactorial interventions to improve overall disease burden, patient outcomes, and cost-savings. We explored preventive diabetic care and implemented interventions to increase recommended testing compliance among patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. This study employed a multi-faceted approach beginning with the distribution of surveys to patients in the Stratford Family Medicine Office in order to gauge their health literacy level pertaining to Diabetes management. Patient electronic medical records were evaluated to determine baseline levels for all laboratory values. Data analysis was completed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences …

The Possible Relationship Of Adiponectin And Gestational Weight Gain During Different Stages Of Pregnancy Amongst Different Ethnic Groups, Jayshree Chauhan, Xinhua Chen

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Introduction: Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) is defined as weight gain between conception and birth. Adiponectin, a fat derived hormone, has an inverse relationship with weight gain. We investigated the relationship of maternal adiponectin concentration and GWG during different pregnancy stages among ethnic groups. Method: Serum adiponectin levels were measured at entry (week 16) and trimester three (week 28) in pregnant women (n = 1634, age 22.0±5.3, pre-pregnancy BMI 25.7±6.3) which included Hispanic (47%), African American (37%) and Caucasian (16%) women. GWG was measured at week 24, 28, 32, and delivery and was divided into inadequate, adequate, and excessive according to …

Evaluation Of Outcome Following Oocyte Retrieval In Women With Marked Diminished Oocyte Reserve (Dor) Where The Only Oocyte Retrieved Was In A Metaphase I State, Brooke Neumann, Jerome Check, Carrie Wilson, Donna Summers, Kathleen Hollahan

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is value in culturing a metaphase I oocyte to metaphase II followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), fertilization, then embryo transfer (ET) in women with marked DOR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor up-regulation technique was used in women whose day 3 serum FSH levels were >12 mIU/mL and/or the serum anti-mullerian (AMH) level was <1ng/mL to mature antral follicle(s) to the dominant follicle stage (average diameter >18) and serum estradiol (E2) >200pg/mL when 10,000 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) would be given followed by oocyte retrieval 32 hours later. The basic tenet of this follicle maturation technique is to 1) use very little …

Pregnancy Outcome With In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer According To Age In Women With Diminished Oocyte Reserve (Dor) Using A Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor Up-Regulation Technique, Brooke Neumann, Jerome Check, Carrie Wilson, Michael Sobel, Jung Choe

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Objective: About 18 years ago, one of the top IVF centers published a study and found that women with DOR did not have any live deliveries at any age in women with a day 3 serum FSH exceeding 18 mIU/mL. The failure to achieve a live delivery may have been related to the ovarian hyperstimulation regimen with possible down regulation of the FSH receptor needed to produce a key enzyme needed for successful implantation. The purpose of this 25-year retrospective review was to evaluate the efficacy of a specific type of mild stimulation referred to as the FSH receptor up-take …

The Effects Of Obesity And Diabetes On The Pediatric Population, Keyur Patel, Vrushank Shah, Zachary Harris, Kanad Mukherjee

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

The World Health Organization has declared diabetes (DM) and Obesity to be epidemics due to their rising prevalence. Obesity plays a role in the aetiopathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, the most common type of diabetes in the world, as well as the development of its complications. Obesity and overweight play a growing role in type 1 diabetes. Weight gain is often thought of as a side effect of insulin therapy, but it also has a significant pathophysiological impact at different stages of the disease. (1) In the United States and other nations across the world, childhood obesity has become a …

Forecasting Diabetes Incidence In Belgium: A Microsimulation, Jose L. Penalvo Phd

AMNET Conferencia Internacional

No abstract provided.

Ethnic Differences In Maternal Cytokines And Adipokines And Their Association With Spontaneous Preterm Delivery, Yelizavet D. Lomakova, Xinhua Chen

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Spontaneous preterm delivery (SPTD, birth at <37 weeks’ gestation) is a leading cause of infant mortality in the United States [1]. Infants born prematurely are more likely to suffer from both short and long-term complications including neurodevelopmental delay, visual and hearing impairment, and chronic diseases such as heart disease, hypertension and diabetes in later life [2-4]. African American women have a 2-fold increased risk of preterm delivery compared to Caucasian women [5].The reasons for this disparity are poorly understood. This limits the ability to predict and prevent preterm delivery in the most high-risk populations.

Marketing Channel Effectiveness Of New Medications/Medical Technology, Hadley Mccormick

Celebration of Learning

This research project will study what marketing platforms/channels are most effective in the dissemination of new medical product news. Many people like myself have an illness/disease that requires daily medication, or require the daily use of a medical device. Due to the increasing influence of Direct to Consumer advertising of pharmaceuticals and the constant development of new medications and devices, patients may now more often go to the doctor with perceptions of what they should do to manage their illness/disease. This study aims to look at how the developers of these medications/medical devices promote their products currently and how certain …

The Relationship Of Cardiovascular Disease To 30-Day Hospital Readmission Among Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Meet Shah, Shmilah Choudhary, Sanath Shetty, Terrie Ginsberg D.O., Matthew H. Mclaughlin

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Reducing thirty-day hospital readmissions is a top healthcare priority. However, there is little research describing the risk factors of readmission among patients with diabetes, especially for older adults. Understanding what the risk factors are for 30-day hospital readmission for older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) would help identify patients at risk of rehospitalization. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with 30-day unplanned hospital readmissions among older adults with T2DM.Factors to be investigated are: patient demographics and whether the patient was hospitalized for cardiovascular disease. Participants were older adults>65 years old with T2DM, admitted to …

The Relationship Of Creatinine, Sodium, Hematocrit And Hemoglobin A1c To 30-Day Hospital Readmission Among Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, Shmilah Choudhary, Meet Shah, Sanath Shetty, Terri Ginsberg, Matthew H. Mclaughlin

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Introduction:Reducing thirty-day hospital readmissions is a top healthcare priority. However, there is little research describing the risk factors of readmission among patients with diabetes, especially for older adults. Understanding what the risk factors are for 30-day hospital readmission for older adults with type 2 diabetes would help identify patients at risk of rehospitalization.

Objective:The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with 30-day unplanned hospital readmissions among older adults with T2DM. Factors to be investigated are: patient demographics and three admission laboratory values.

Methods:Participants were older adult s>65 years old with T2DM, admitted to a community hospital …

Disparities In Diabetes Rates And Quality Of Care Within Immigrants In The Usa, Anyun Chatterjee, Martin Blanco, George Gray

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Immigrants to the USA present an interesting opportunity to test the classical public health question of the impact of place on a health outcome. Diabetes is a prevalent disease in the USA which is slated to rise in rate in the future. Currently, 9.4% of the country is diabetic, and another 28% of the country is prediabetic. We posed the question - is this impact felt disproportionately by immigrants as they live in the US for a decade or more? Our preliminary literature search indicated that this has not been studied extensively, although the impact of American fast food on …

The Effects Of Continuous Insulin Pump Therapy On Glycemic Control In Pregnant Type 1 Diabetics, Kimberly Kelsey

Scholarly and Creative Works Conference (2015 - 2021)

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus accounts for approximately 5% of the diabetic population (CDC, 2015). Numerous complications must be avoided when a diabetic is insulin dependent. Women who are diabetic who are planning to conceive a family have special considerations. Little research has been focused into how to best manage Type 1 diabetics during pregnancy. Since Type 1 diabetes is predominantly diagnosed between birth and 30 years of age, many Type 1 diabetics have potential to become pregnant without knowing how to best manage their diabetes. Poor glycemic control in diabetics has been related to miscarriages, stillbirths, malformations, and macrosomia (Lapolla, …

Promotion Of New Diabetes Products In The District Of Columbia, Joy Eckert, Dilpan Sundaramoorthy, Alycia Hogenmiller

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Background: Growth in pharmaceutical expenditures for diabetes outpaced growth in diabetes prevalence. Prescribers accepting gifts and meals from pharmaceutical companies have been linked with higher prescription rates and costs[1]. Pharmaceutical marketing to these prescribers and patients often promotes newer, more expensive drugs, such as the GLP-1 analogues and SGL-2 inhibitors. These two drug classes are more expensive but no more effective than metformin,[2] the recommended first-line treatment for diabetes, and the oldest and cheapest available treatment. We investigated how cost of diabetes treatment was affected by marketing practices in the District of Columbia.

Methods: The AccessRx program …