Mental and Social Health Commons^™

The Substance Abuse Treatment Experience Of Men Who Have Sex With Men, Scott Sanford Johnson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The following qualitative research study focuses on the substance abuse treatment experiences of men who have sex with men. Current research in this area indicates that while these men sometimes seek treatment for substance abuse issues, their treatment experience can be compromised due to personal fears or ignorance on the part of treatment staff members or others in treatment (Cabaj, 2008; Cheng, 2003; Hellman, Stanton, lee, Tytun, & Vachon, 1989). Specific goals of this study include: (1) gaining insight into the treatment experience(s) of these men and (2) learning about how their individual and collective treatment experience(s) contribute to their …

Maternal Smoking, Weight Status And Preecalmpsia And Eclampsia Risk Among Women Living In San Bernardino County, Fiona Bedelia Lewis

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Preeclampsia is defined as pregnancy-induced hypertension affecting between 2% and 8% of pregnancies and accounting for about 10-15% of maternal deaths worldwide. Eclampsia is defined as the occurrence of one or more episodes of seizures in a pregnant woman related only to a preeclampsia diagnosis. Preeclampsia, if poorly managed, can progress to eclampsia resulting in injury and death to both mother and infant. The etiology of preeclampsia is not completely understood. Oxidative stress leading to abnormal placenta development and endothelial dysfunction are thought to be key components in the biological mechanism of preeclampsia.

Modifiable risk factors include maternal body weight …

Psychosocial Factors Associated With Nicotine Dependence Among College Students : Are There Differences Between Social And Regular Smokers?, Devan Rae Romero

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background. Cigarette smoking, the primary source of tobacco used by adults 18-25, has remained stable, at around 21-25%, in the college population since 2003. Many college students report their smoking as primarily a “social” behavior, which may reflect an emerging type of smoker. Ambiguity exists in defining and categorizing smokers in the college population.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine psychosocial perceptions related to smoking among college students who currently smoke and those who do not smoke, and among different types of smokers. In addition, validation of self-reported smoking behavior with saliva cotinine was conducted in …

Profiles Of Drug Endangered Children: Investigation In A Clinical Sample, Imanie Samanmali Wijayaratne

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Despite the increase in children born prenatally exposed to methamphetamine, little is known about the cognitive and neuropsychological outcomes of these children. Research specific to prenatal-methamphetamine exposure is extremely limited and has been primarily restricted to rat studies. This research combined with the few studies examining children prenatally exposed to methamphetamine suggests that methamphetamine-exposure is associated with various cognitive and neuropsychological delays and is impacted by both biological and environmental factors. Given the scarcity of research in this area, the current study used archival data from a psychological assessment clinic to (1) describe the frequency of prenatal methamphetamine-exposure cases, (2) …

Fetal Cocaine Exposure Causes Epigenetic Changes In The Rat Heart, Kurt D. Meyer

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Cocaine abuse continues to be prevalent in the United States and other industrialized nations, in addition to the negative health effects that cocaine abuse has on the user, a mother who uses cocaine while pregnant also exposes the developing fetus to cocaine. Although there have been many studies of the effects of cocaine on the adult heart, studies of cocaine on the fetal heart and its potential delayed pathophysiological effects on cardiac function in adult offspring are extremely limited. The studies of the present project sought to enhance the understanding of the effect of cocaine exposure on the fetal heart …

The Prevalence And Determinants Of Health Risk Behaviors Among High School Students In Mexico, Nellie León

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that despite health promotion efforts, adolescents continue to engage in behaviors that put them at risk for morbidity and mortality. Alcohol consumption, illicit drug use, smoking, and risky sexual behaviors are among the behaviors that contribute to leading causes of morbidity and mortality in youth; these four behaviors were explored in this study. An observational cross-sectional design was utilized. The Youth Risk Behavior Survey from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was utilized to assess the prevalence of the four risk behaviors among high school students in Jalisco, Mexico. Items constructed …

Family Variables As Predictors Of Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment Outcome, Gina R. Sillo

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The current study sought to investigate the importance of family variables as they potentially predict treatment outcome for adolescents at two intensive outpatient drug treatment programs. A growing body of research has demonstrated that family dynamics serve to influence drug using behaviors and substance abuse treatment. More specifically, empirical support has suggested that the quality of family relationships is an important factor serving to influence affective treatment. The current investigation considered two primary domains of family influence: family cohesion and family conflict. Results revealed that the study variables comprising these domains were not found to be associated with adolescent treatment …

Comparing Chemical Dependency And Mental Health Programs For The Dually Diagnosed, Kelly L. Hacker

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In order to better understand the needs of an increasing dually diagnosed population, this study compares the efficacy of integrated vs. nonintegrated treatment programs for a dually diagnosed population, residing at a Long Term Care facility in San Bernardino, California. Patients in this setting are diagnosed with chronic and acute mental illness and chemical dependency. This study tested the hypotheses that the nonintegrated treatment program would result in a higher frequency of assaults, PRNs, Q15s, and Code Reds; increase the duration of Q15s; and, increase the Addiction Severity Index’s (ASI) Family/Social and Psychiatric subscales’ scores, which would indicate lower levels …

Social Welfare Systems And Their Effects On Adolescent Violence, Injecting Drug Use, And Negative Health Behaviors, Elvin A. Hernandez

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Youth and young adults who are injection drug users (IDU’s) often live and survive in physical and emotional environments that are associated with negative behaviors and outcomes. Past environmental and social factors, such as participation in social welfare systems or institutionalization in foster care or juvenile hall, have been found to be associated with IDU-involved young adults’ health behaviors when they become older. Social networks, which include drug, sex, or hangout networks, may influence their health outcomes and behaviors. The goals of this dissertation include an investigation of how reported past social welfare participation and institutionalization is associated with IDU-involved …

Predictors Of Intention To Use Contraception, Given Alcohol Consumption, Among Women In Southeast Alaska, Donna Louise Hebbeler

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Fetal alcohol exposure is a serious public health problem and is 100% preventable. Traditionally, FASD prevention programs and research recommendations have targeted peri-conceptual or pregnant women. Another approach to the prevention of FASD involves preventing pregnancy in women who use alcohol. The purpose of this cross sectional study was to identify factors that predicted women’s intention to use contraception using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), to determine if predictors of the theoretical constructs varied in women depending on alcohol use, and to examine interactions between alcohol use and TPB constructs. Qualitative data was gathered to triangulate with the quantitative …

Update - September 1997, Loma Linda University Center For Christian Bioethics

Update

In this issue:

-- Cocaine Addiction: The Nemesis of Modern Culture

The Impact Of An Incentive/Competition Program On Participation And Smoking Cessation Among High Risk Smokers At The Worksite, Dyann M. Matson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study compared the effectiveness of a multicomponent smoking cessation/reduction program (”M") at one worksite (N = 81), with the same program plus incentives and team competition ("I") at a second worksite (N = 68). Incentives were discontinued at six months. A third worksite (N = 36) received a traditional smoking cessation program ("T').

The "I" program attracted a higher percentage of hourly (blue-collar) smokers (18.5%) compared to the "M" program (9.3%), or the "T" program (7.9%). Incentives with competition were also effective for improving abstinence for as long as 6 months (41%) compared to the "M" program (23%), and …

Characteristics Of Habitual Dysfunctional Behaviors, Carole Ryan Serena

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The suggestion that habitual dysfunctional behavior disorders (HDBs) have a common underlying cluster of addictive characteristics and dynamics is new. A broad research base which would support this theory has not kept current with clinical In order successes. In order to address the need for relevant research, an anonymous cross sectional study was designed to identify, describe and compare variables associated with 15 habitual dysfunctional behaviors (HDBs) in a sample (N =176) from a broad spectrum of socioeconomic groups.

People reporting two different HDBs (alcohol and food-related behaviors) were compared to those not reporting any HDBs on levels of four …

Assessment Of Maternal Substance Abuse And Neonatal Exposure, Carol Jean Dauenhauer Giese

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Infants born to adolescent and young adult mothers who abuse substances, are at high risk for chemical dependency and its sequelae. There is a need to identify such infants and their mothers so that intervention will be available to them. The purpose of this study was to develop a systematic approach to evaluate mothers and infants for potential drug use and improve the quality of the nurses decisions.

This research project involves two sub-projects. In Part A, a Substance Abuse Assessment Tool (SAAT) was developed. The hospital nurses used the SAAT March 1, 1990, through April 12, 1990. The incidence …

Effect Of Disulfiram On The Urinary Excretion Of 5-Hydroxytryptophol And 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid In Subjects Consuming Serotonin Rich Foods, Amy G. Tordecilla

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The effect of disulfiram and/or serotonin rich foods (SRF) on the urinary excretion of 5-hydroxytryptophol (5-HTOL) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in normal male subjects was investigated. Urine collections were obtained on 1) regular serotonin free diet, 2) SRF, 3) serotonin free diet with disulfiram, and 4) SRF with disulfiram. Urinary excretion of 5-HTOL in ug/gm creatinine during disulfiram administration was 112.0 ± 24.1. Five HTOL (ug/gm creatinine) with disulfiram and SRF increased to 1532 ± 352.0 (p < 0.001). Five-HIAA (mg/g creatinine) before and after SRF was 3.4 ± .44 and 33.1 ± 6.1 respectively, p < 0.001. With disulfiram and SRF the excretion of was 24.2 ± 3.2 mg/g creatinine which was significantly greater than when on the regular diet (p < 0.001) than the excretion on SRF alone (p < 0.05)

Key words: Disulfiram, serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophol, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, urinary excretion, high performance liquid chromatography, alcoholism

Update - October 1988, Loma Linda University Center For Christian Bioethics

Update

In this issue:

-- International Abortion Conference Convenes November 14-16
-- Clinical ethics intensives begin in January
-- LLU establishes Stahl fund
-- More on Ethics and Aging (Letter)

[ Tobacco Taxes: Are They Moral? ]
-- The Tobacco Tax and Health Protection Act of 1988
-- Why I Oppose the Tobacco Tax Initiative
-- Why I Favor the Tobacco Tax Initiative

-- Anencephalic Infants as Organ Donors (Report)

Effect Of Disulfiram On The Urinary Excretion Of The Serotonin Metabolites 5-Hydroxytryptophol And 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid In Problem Drinkers, Mark D. Harding

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Problem drinkers (N=7) were given 500mg disulfiram daily for one week. Urine was collected before and after disulfiram intake. 5-Hydroxytryptophol (5-HTOL) was determined by a modification of the method of Davis et al. and adapted to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an electrochemical detector setting of 0.75V. 5-Hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5- HIAA) was determined using the HPLC method of Shihabi et al. (1980). Urinary excretion of 5-HTOL in ug/gm creatinine before and after disulfiram was 25.4± 3.3 and 110.5± 27.1 respectively, p < 0.02. 5-HIAA in mg/gm creatinine before and after disulfiram was 4.9±0.9 and 3.6±0.8 respectively, p > 0.16. The data shows that disulfiram administration alters serotonin metabolism resulting in increased 5-HTOL which is known to increase …

Association Of Drinking-Related Locus Of Control And Treatment Outcomes In Female Alcoholics, Patricia A. Townsend

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

[Abstract Not Included]

Smoking Behavior Among Alabama Student Nurses : The Role Of Behavioral Beliefs And Normative Referencing, Judith Rausch

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine predictors of smoking behavior for the senior student nurses in the state of Alabama using Ajzen and Fishbein's Theory of Reasoned Action. Smoking prevalence by level of educational preparation and selected health behaviors were examined for relationship to cigarette use.

A sample of 11 schools of nursing were selected from Alabama's 34, using a random numbers table. There were 13 total programs as two of the schools had both A.D. and B.S. nursing programs. Thirty-two percent (N=555) of senior A.D., B.S. & diploma students nurses in Alabama responded to an 87 item …

The Effects Of Maternal Administration Of Methadone On Beta-Endorphin Content In The Brain And Pituitary Of The Rat Progeny, Randall L. Braun

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Methadone is often used in the maintenance and detoxification of opioid-dependent pregnant women. This use of methadone during pregnancy is known to be associated with teratogenic effects observed in the progeny. The present study is an attempt to gain insight into possible pathophysiologic mechanism(s) responsible for these teratogenic effects: specifically, a relationship between maternal methadone administration and the content of the endogenous opioid peptide, beta-endorphin, in the brain and pituitary of the rat progeny.

In brief, nulliparous mature female Sprague-Dawley rats received daily injections (5 mg./kg.) of methadone hydrochloride (methadone-treated) or a similar volume of physiological saline (controls), treatment started …

The Relationship Of Professional Educational Level And Experience On The Attitudes Of Nursing Personnel Towards The Alcoholic, Patricia Pruett Barnes

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The abuse of alcohol is the most serious and pervasive substance abuse program in the country, outranking heroin addiction in the number of people affected, in cost, and in psychological-social-familial upheaval. Health problems generated by the excessive consumption of alcohol require that the nurse play a significant role in the care and treatment of alcoholics and their significant others, such role de riving its importance from the direct professional relationship which develops between the nurse and the client. In order to provide meaningful and effective nursing care to alcoholics, the nurse must have a thorough understanding of the disease known …

#09 - What Parents Should Know About Drugs, Department Of Health Education

Keys to Total Health

- Drug Abuse

- Why Are Drugs So Attractive?

- Scare Tactics

- Effects of Smoking

- Intoxicating Beverages

- Is Beer Intoxicating?

- Long Range Effects of Alcohol

- Alcoholic Beverages

- Caffeine

- Pills and Drugs

- Aspirin

- Sleeping Pills

- A Drug-Oriented Society

- "It's OK Not To Drink!"

- Quiz

The Effect Of A Values Clarification Strategy On The Smoking Behavior Of Pregnant Women, Jean Eiber

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The null hypothesis of this study stated that there would be no significant difference (α=.05) in the change in smoking behavior following a teaching intervention to discourage smoking in pregnant women between those who completed a values clarifying strategy prior to the intervention and those who did not. Forty subjects were randomly assigned 20 to an experimental group and 20 to a control group. Both groups completed a pretest questionnaire concerning demographic data and smoking behavior. Information regarding the adverse effects on the fetus and on the developing child of smoking was presented to each subject by the researcher. The …

The Relationship Of Alcohol Consumption In Rats To Morphine And Codeine Intake And The Metabolism Of Dopamine, Hsiu Fen Liu

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The effects of morphine and codeine free-choice alcohol consumption in male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Intakes of a 10% alcohol solution in milliliters per 100 gm. of body weight were on recorded weekly. No difference was found in the alcohol intake of rats given either a morphine-supplemented diet (0.01% of the diet) or daily injection of morphine sulfate (2 mg./kg.); however, there was a significant lower intake of water (p < .05) in those rats fed the diet with morphine. Total fluid consumption of both groups given the morphine-supplemented diet and daily injection of morphine sulfate was decreased (p < .05). It was found that morphine did not affect the percentage of total fluid consumed as alcohol or the weight gain.

Two levels of codeine phosphate (10 mg./kg. and 20 mg./kg.) were injected subcutaneously into rats twice a day. It was observed that the codeine significantly decreased alcohol intake in rats …

Effects Of Cocaine, Nicotine And Diet On Voluntary Alcohol Consumption In Rats, Zaida Raquel Cordero Loayza

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The consumption of alcohol is a problem not only in this country (U.S.), but also in many other places in the world. Thus we find the Indians in Peru, Bolivia and other neighboring countries (Ecuador and northern part of Argentina) consuming alcohol to the point that they become alcoholics, in addition to this they also chew coca leaves, plant from which cocaine is extracted.

In an effort to establish the cause for this behavior, we put Sprague-Dawley albino rats on either a poor or good basal diet. Once every other day the rats were injected with a solution of cocaine. …

Effects Of Dietary Factors And Morphine Administration On Voluntary Alcohol Consumption And Dopamine Metabolism In Rats, Claudia Smithson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The effect of diet and dietary additives on voluntary alcohol consumption in male Sprague-Dawley rats was studied. Alcohol intake measured weekly and reported as ml of a 10% solution ingested per 100 grams body weight. A four week pre-experimental period was designed to determine individual tendencies to drink and thus to eliminate the high and low drinkers from the study. No difference was found in alcohol intake with either starch or sugar as the carbohydrate source; however, there was a greater weight gain ( p < .025) in those animals consuming sugar-based diets. Rats on poor-quality diets containing minimal amounts of vitamins and minerals continued to gradually increase alcohol consumption during the study. This diet, supplemented with coffee, caused the greatest significant increase in alcohol intake and the lowest weight gains. Addition of coffee to the diets significantly increased alcohol consumption (p< .005) but decreased growth rate (p < .0005) . However, when the poor quality diets were supplemented with vitamins and minerals, alcohol consumption was reduced by about 50% (p < .005) and weight gain was significantly increased (p < .0005).

The daily intraperitoneal administration of morphine sulfate significantly decreased alcohol intake (p < .02) and the per cent of total fluid consumed as alcohol (p < .02) but did not effect water consumption.

An attempt was …

Effects Of Poor Quality Diets With Various Dietary Factors Added And Exposure To Cigarette Smoke On The Voluntary Alcohol Intakes Of Albino Rats, Bonnie Emmerson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Studies were conducted utilizing albino rats to determine the relationship of voluntary alcohol consumption with various dietary additives and exposure to cigarette smoke in combination with poor quality diets. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats, from weanling age to 100 grams, were given the various experimental diets and a free fluid choice of ten per cent ethanol or tap water. Fluid intakes were recorded and analyzed statistically. Individual variation was common with a generally low level of alcohol consumption when rats were fed a poor quality diet of common United States foods. The addition of caffeinated beverages and/or spices and relish caused increases …

A Review Of Drug Addiction And A Study Of Its Relation To Carbohydrate Metabolism, Eppie Chung Hartsuiker

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The specter of addiction eventually involves everyone of the community. It is a three-fold problem of socio-economic, psychological, and physiological factors. The least understood is the physiological or biochemical aspect of addiction.

It has been postulated that an upset in carbohydrate metabolism may be a biochemical cause of addiction. Several avenues were employed to investigate this possible cause of addiction.

1. A diet survey was conducted and revealed a greater consumption of refined carbohydrates, confections and alcoholic beverages in addicts.

2. Five-hour oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on 7 addicts and 12 non-addicts. These tests revealed that there were decreased glucose …

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A Problem Situation Unit In In-Service Education For Graduate Nurses, Bessie E. Irvine

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to develop a problem situation unit that could be used for stimulating graduate nurses to assume their responsibility regarding the use of pain and anxiety relieving drugs, namely narcotics, tranquilizers, and barbiturates.

The general use of these drugs presents a danger to public health when they are used indiscriminately. Therefore, nurses should be informed as to their responsibility to the doctor, the patient, and to themselves in regard to the use of these drugs.

This study was developed by presenting briefly the following:

1. Principles and history of group discussion and problem situation unit teaching; …

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