Diseases Commons^™

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Intake, Abdominal Obesity, And Inflammation Among Us Adults Without And With Prediabetes—An Nhanes Study, Wei Ting Lin, Yu Hsiang Kao, Mirandy S. Li, Ting Luo, Hui Yi Lin, Chien Hung Lee, David W. Seal, Chih Yang Hu, Lei Shih Chen, Tung-Sung Tseng

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Excessive sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption and abdominal obesity have been independently linked to numerous disorders, including diabetes and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). This study aimed to explore the association between SSB intake, abdominal obesity, and inflammation in normal and prediabetic adults. Sugar intake from SSBs was calculated from 24-h dietary recalls and further classified into non-, medium-, and high-intake. The status of non- and prediabetes was identified based on hemoglobin A1c level. All analyses were performed under a survey module with appropriate sampling weights to control for the complex survey design. A total of 5250 eligible adults without diabetes were …

Lifestyle Tools For Men’S Health And Disease Prevention: Well-Being Through Nutrition, Physical Activity, Stress Management, And Connection, Leigh A. Frame

Clinical Research and Leadership Faculty Publications

Mental health is an often-overlooked aspect of overall health and wellness (well-being). Mental illness is increasingly common with 1 in 5 American adults experiencing it annually, and 1 in 20 suffering from a serious mental illness each year [1]. Treatment rates for mental illness are lower in men (37.4%) compared to women (51.2%) [1]. Globally, treatment rates are similar with an estimated cost to the global economy of $1 trillion annually, yet less than 2% of government health expenditure is for mental health worldwide [2]. Despite this, only nine studies have been published specifically targeting men’s mental health through lifestyle …

Progressive Acceleration Of Insulin Exposure Over 7 Days Of Infusion Set Wear, Jasmin R. Kastner, Timothy S. Bailey, Poul Strange, Leon Shi, Keith A. Oberg, Paul J. Strasma, Jeffrey I. Joseph, Douglas B. Muchmore

Department of Anesthesiology Faculty Papers

Insulin exposure varies over 3 days of insulin infusion set (IIS) wear making day-to-day insulin dosing challenging for people with diabetes (PWD). Here we report insulin pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) data extending these observations to 7 days of IIS wear. PWD (A1C ≤8.5%, C-peptide tmax (P < 0.001), Cmax (P < 0.05), and mean residence time (P < 0.0001). Area under the insulin concentration curve (AUC0–300) declined by ∼24% from days 0 to 7 (P < 0.05). These results confirm/extend previous observations showing progressive acceleration of insulin exposure over IIS wear time. This may have implications for PWD and designers of closed-loop algorithms, although larger studies are necessary to confirm this. The study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04398030).

Effects Of Home-Based High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Continuous Walking On Cognition In Overweight And Obese Women, Kelsey C. Bourbeau

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine whether six weeks of home-based high-intensity interval training versus six weeks of moderate-intensity walking improves cognition, depression, and anxiety in women that are overweight or obese. Design: A randomized control trial design. Subjects: Twelve sedentary women characterized as overweight or obese were randomized into either a six-week home-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT, n = 6, 26.6 ± 8.9 years, 37.4 ± 4.9% body fat) group or a six-week moderate-intensity walking (Walk, n = 6, 22.5 ± 3.7 years, 40.2 ± 4.1% body fat) group. Main Measures: Pre- and post-intervention, participants …

Weekly Telehealth Weigh-In For Bmi Reduction, Kelly Ahmad

Student Scholarly Projects

Practice Problem: The citizens of the United States are known for being overweight or obese. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2021) reported that approximately 74% of adults are either overweight or obese. PICOT: The PICOT question that guided this project was In overweight adults (P), does telemonitoring weekly for counseling and weigh-in (I) compared to current practice (C) decrease BMI over an 8-week period of time (T)? Evidence: The citizens of the United States are known for being overweight or obese. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2021) reported that approximately 74% of …

Mediterranean-Style Diet And Exercise Improve Parameters For Management And Prevention Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Stefani Ann Derrick

Master's Theses

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition recognized as the inability to maintain glucose homeostasis, typically presenting with insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. With the prevalence of T2DM and major risk factors such as prediabetes and obesity increasing each year, there is a crucial need to identify strategies for the management and prevention of this condition. Addressing lifestyle-related risk factors through consumption of a well-balanced, nutritious diet and maintaining regular moderate- to high-intensity physical activity may provide a strategy for improving glycemic control, improving metrics of body composition, and decreasing the inflammatory response associated with metabolic dysregulation. Twenty-two …

Bidirectional Associations Between Daytime Napping Duration And Metabolic Syndrome: A Nationally Representative Cohort Study, Jinqi Wang, Zhiyuan Wu, Xiaohan Jin, Rui Jin, Ze Han, Haiping Zhang, Zongkai Xu, Yue Liu, Xiuhua Guo, Lixin Tao

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: We aimed to examine the bidirectional associations between daytime napping duration and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2015, modified Poisson regression models were performed to explore the longitudinal associations of baseline napping duration with the occurrence and remission of MetS. Generalized estimating equation was conducted to explore the association between baseline MetS status with subsequent changes in daytime napping duration. Cross-lagged panel analysis was performed to further verify their bidirectional relationships. Results: During the four-year follow-up, among 5041 participants without MetS at baseline, extended naps were significantly …

Impact Of Alcohol On Bone Health In People Living With Hiv: Integrating Clinical Data From Serum Bone Markers With Morphometric Analysis In A Non-Human Primate Model, Alexandra Denys, Allison Norman, Daniel S. Perrien, Larry J. Suva, Liz Simon, Lee S. Mcdaniel, Tekeda Ferguson, Kim Pedersen, David Welsh, Patricia E. Molina, Martin J.J. Ronis

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

People living with HIV (PLWH) represent a vulnerable population to adverse musculoskeletal outcomes due to HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and at-risk alcohol use. Developing measures to prevent skeletal degeneration in this group requires a grasp of the relationship between alcohol use and low bone mass in both the PLWH population and its constituents as defined by sex, age, and race. We examined the association of alcohol use with serum biochemical markers of bone health in a diverse cohort of PLWH enrolled in the New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV (NOAH) study. To explore the effects of alcohol on bone …

Western Diet-Like Culture Conditions And Oxidative Stress On A Cell Model Of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Celina M. Valvano

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health burden in the Western world, as the Western diet (WD) appears to be the driving force of this disease. However, the individual contributions of the diet and the impacts of their individual metabolism are currently ill-defined. This study used HepG2 cells to understand the impact of the individual components of WD in early NAFLD development under basal insulin levels. Specifically, nutrient-induced changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and signaling pathways, such as sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs), were examined to identify the root cause of steatosis development. High-fat and WD-exposed …

Eating Disorders In Men: A Comprehensive Summary, Connor James Spratt, Liam Alexander Mackenzie Myles, Emanuele Maria Merlo

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Eating disorders (EDs) have detrimental effects on an individual’s physical and mental health, along with significant interpersonal, social and economic effects. Furthermore, men who are suffering with an ED face unique challenges with this. Men suffering with EDs have historically received little attention within ED research, diagnosis and intervention. However, the number of men suffering with these issues is significant and growing. Understanding of EDs tend to ignore male experiences, meaning many are left to suffer in silence until the ED has developed to a critical point. However, many now recognize the need to understand the issues facing men suffering …

Wellness Review 2022, Part 1, Martin Huecker, Brian A. Ferguson, Jacob Shreffler

Journal of Wellness

Introduction: This article represents the first of a two-part assessment of 2022 literature addressing wellness in healthcare professionals published from January 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022.

Methods: Three editors conducted a similar keyword search in Pubmed, also adding manually curated articles. Focusing chiefly on clinical trials and other prospective research, we settled on a final 25 significant papers focusing on wellness in medical professionals to include in this review.

Literature Review: Recent literature into HCW wellness continues to describe burnout factors and COVID-19 impact, but includes more resilience-targeting interventions and systematic reviews of trials seeking bolstering of well-being. Subsections …

The Reported External Traumas Among People With Diabetes-Related Foot Ulcers And Their Outcomes: A Systematic Review Of Case Reports, Ma'en Zaid Abu-Qamar, Vivien Kemp, Lisa Whitehead

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The objective of this systematic review was to collate evidence published in case reports on the reported origins of external traumas that contribute to the development of diabetic foot ulcers and their outcomes. The review also aimed to suggest reporting criteria for external traumas contributing to the development of diabetic foot ulcers. The search strategy led to the identification of 1224 articles across six electronic databases. Additional articles were also sourced from other electronic platforms (Google scholar) and the reference lists of the included case reports. Ninety-four articles met the inclusion criteria and were published between 1989 and 2020. The …

Vitamin C Deficiency In A Food Insecure Patient: A Rare Case Report, Gersham J. Rainone, Tatiana J. Han, Muhammed Rahim, Gregory J. Pirolli, Alina Popa, Jayaram Thimmapuram

Transformative Medicine (T-Med)

Introduction: Scurvy is rarely seen in developed countries and is characterized by deficiency of vitamin C, which can lead to symptoms including wound impairment, bleeding manifestations, and loss of teeth. Case Description: We present a case of a 53-year-old male with a right knee hemarthrosis after a fall. The patient also noted progressively enlarging spontaneous hematomas, denying any recent trauma except for the fall to the knee. He denied family history of bleeding and clotting disorders and endorsed aspirin use in the setting of a prior stroke. He actively resided at a local shelter with limited means of transportation for …

Fenotipo Delgado Metabólicamente Obeso Como Riesgo De Hipertensión Arterial En Peruanos. Una Cohorte De 5 Años, Jamee Guerra Valencia, Jenny Torres-Malca, Jesús Enrique Talavera, Fiorella Zuzunaga-Montoya, Jhony De La Cruz-Vargas, Víctor Juan Vera-Ponce

AMNET XX Conferencia Internacional

No abstract provided.

Factores Asociados A La No Realización Del Cribado De Diabetes Mellitus. Análisis De La Encuesta Demográfica Y De Salud Familiar-2020, Fiorella Trujillo, Victor Juan Vera-Ponce, Jenny Raquel Torres-Malca, Fiorella Zuzunaga-Montoya, Jamee Guerra, Jhonny De La Cruz-Vargas

AMNET XX Conferencia Internacional

No abstract provided.

Stones, Bones, And Groans With Cancerous Overtones - A Rare Case Of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Presenting As Hypercalcemia, Evan Becker, Caitlyn Moss, Steve Chung

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that can present in a variety of ways including fever, weight loss, weakness, and drenching night sweats. Uncommonly, hypercalcemia of malignancy can be associated with DLBCL through multiple mechanisms that include synthesis of parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) or elevated calcitriol levels. It is estimated that hypercalcemia in the setting of DLBCL is present in 18% of newly diagnosed cases. This report details a case of an 80-year-old man with history of chronic anemia and CKD stage 3b that presented with weakness, decreased oral intake, and self-reported weight …

Prenatal Choline Supplementation During Maternal Obesity Alters Offspring Response To Western Diets, Hunter W. Korsmo

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Maternal obesity has led to an increase in adverse offspring developmental outcomes and a greater risk for long-term metabolic diseases. Choline, a semi-essential nutrient, can be incorporated into phosphatidylcholine (PC) as well as sphingomyelin (SM) and donate its labile methyl group for the remethylation of homocysteine after choline is oxidized to betaine. Prenatal choline insufficiency has been related to maternal obesity and metabolic diseases, such as metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Choline may interact with maternal obesity to influence the programming offspring.

Chapter 1 presents an introduction of choline and the various clinical outcomes associated with choline supplementation during …

Efficacy Of Various Interventions For Achieving Target Hba1c Levels For Patients With Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus And On Exogenous Insulin, Caitlin S. Welch, Archie Troxel

Longitudinal Scholar's Project

Objective: To learn the rates at which patients at UT Family Medicine–St. Francis (UTFM–SF) with type II diabetes mellitus are being prescribed recommended medications—namely metformin, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs)—whether these rates correspond to the severity of hyperglycemia (as indicated by HbA1C level). A secondary goal of the study was to investigate if HbA1C levels are being checked at recommended intervals.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted using records of patients seen at the clinic in the previous four years between the ages of 18 and 65 who had visits with ICD …

The Effect Of Type 1 Diabetes On The Metabolic Response To Exercise, Theres Tijo

Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder that results in insufficient endogenous insulin production. Regular exercise has numerous health benefits for individuals with T1DM, however, most insulin-dependent diabetics avoid physical activity due to the fear of exercise-induced hypoglycemia (low blood glucose/BG).

The risk of hypoglycemia in this population may be partly due to lower liver glycogen stores which is a major source of blood glucose during exercise. However, the mechanism that leads to lower glycogen stores in T1DM is unknown.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an acute bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise …

Advancing Type 2 Diabetes As A Condition For Primary Referral To Physiotherapy In Canada, Sarah M. Janssen

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Obesity and sedentary lifestyle are increasingly prevalent risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D), characterized by high blood glucose levels. Adoption and maintenance of healthy eating, physical activity, and exercise is recommended for lowering blood glucose and weight management. Physiotherapists are experts in prescribing safe, effective exercise to optimize health for people with co-morbid health conditions. However, T2D is not a primary condition for referral to physiotherapy services in Canada. The overall question guiding a series of three related studies was, What is the current education and perspectives of Canadian physiotherapists about their role in managing T2D? Study one surveyed …

The Effects Of Vitamin D Supplementation On Athletic Performance And Injury Prevention, Amani Adeeb Abushamma

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Vitamin D supplementation has numerous effects on athletic performance and plays a significant role in preventing an athlete’s risk of getting injuries. Vitamin D has an impact on numerous physiological functions such as: bone health, muscle function, inflammatory response, and immune function. An athlete’s bone and muscle health are essential for maximum performance and career success. A bone fracture due to vitamin D deficiency can delay an athlete’s training and ultimately inhibit obtaining a collegiate scholarship and/or contract. A cross sectional study found that more than half of athletic trainers did not view 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25[OH]) testing and vitamin D supplementation …

Women's Health: Optimal Nutrition Throughout The Lifecycle, Edith J M Feskens, Regan Bailey, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Hans-Konrad Biesalski, Heather Eicher-Miller, Klaus Krämer, Wen-Harn Pan, James C. Griffiths

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Sex differences are an important consideration when researching and establishing policies for nutrition and optimal health. For women's health, there are important physiologic, neurologic, and hormonal distinctions throughout the lifecycle that impact nutritional needs. Distinct from those for men, these nutritional needs must be translated into appropriate nutrition policy that aims to not only avoid overt nutritional deficiency, but also to promote health and minimize risk for chronic disease. Through a series of webinars, scientific experts discussed the advances in the understanding of the unique nutritional needs, challenges and opportunities of the various life stages for women across the life …

A Sailor’S Disease Presenting In Urban America With Red Spots On The Legs, John A. Buchan, Bruce H. Gray

Cooper Rowan Medical Journal

Sailors were often affected by nutritional deficiencies due to the absence of fresh foods on long voyages. One example is the development of scurvy from a lack of vitamin C ingestion. In modern society in which fresh food are available this disease is infrequently recognized. The following case describes a 62-year-old male who presented with “red spots” on his legs and a large area of ecchymosis on his thigh. After initial testing failed to elicit a cause, a dietary history revealed that the patient had a peculiar diet of only ice cream with a total avoidance of fruits and vegetables. …

Health Equity & Obesity Management: An Improvement Project In A Federally Qualified Healthcare Center In Central Harlem, Brianna Bouchez

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Projects

Description of the problem: Obesity is a growing healthcare problem worldwide with extraordinary costs to the individual's health and the healthcare system. Individuals most affected by obesity include socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals, often with limited resources to seek specialized care.

Available knowledge: Various weight-loss interventions exist but access and success rates vary. Weight loss is often modest and additional factors such as social determinants of health, health literacy, and patient motivation are all factors important to the success of an intervention.

Specific Aims: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to improve self-regulatory weight loss behaviors and increase weight loss …

Evaluation Of Awareness, Knowledge, And Preventive Intervention Of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Chinese Young Adults, Yi Du

Theses & Dissertations

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among Chinese young adults (CYA) aged 18-25 years ranges from 4.7% to 15.1% and has kept increasing in recent years. Previous studies reported limited awareness and knowledge of NALFD among middle-aged and older Chinese populations, however, they have not investigated awareness in CYA, for which there is no well-validated questionnaire. There is currently no efficacious educational intervention on NAFLD for CYA.

The objectives were 1) to develop and validate a questionnaire which can be used to assess the awareness and knowledge of NAFLD among CYA; 2) to assess the awareness and knowledge …

Feasibility And Efficacy Of Bisphosphonate Use For The Prevention Of Bone And Muscle Loss, Laura E. Flores

Theses & Dissertations

Loss of bone and muscle mass often occurs in tandem, increasing the risk of fragility fractures. Whereas many drugs are approved for the treatment of bone loss, there are few treatments available for the concomitant loss of bone and muscle. Identification of a treatment to mitigate pathologic bone and muscle atrophy has the potential to impact countless populations and influence approaches for healthy aging. Bisphosphonates have emerged as a potential treatment for both bone and muscle loss in cellular, murine, and observational human studies. Our findings of modest weight maintenance in postmenopausal women treated with 12-months of risedronate, relative to …

Increased Lipid Metabolism In Response To Repetitive Aerobic Exercise During Proestrus In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Rats, Silar Gardy

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

In response to repetitive bouts of aerobic exercise, type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) female rats demonstrate greater post-exercise blood glucose (BG) recovery during proestrus than T1DM males. Fuel selection differences may explain sex-related differences in the blunted counterregulatory responses to subsequent exercise and estrogen (E2) has shown to mediate fuel metabolism. Evidence of E2’s activation of AMP-kinase (AMPK) may mediate the metabolic actions of E2. This study aimed to examine sex-related differences in lipid and glucose metabolism in response to a 4-day aerobic exercise protocol in skeletal muscle and liver tissue of male and female T1DM-induced (n = 5) and …

Painless Scrotal Ulcers Become Something Unexpected: A Rare Case Of Scrotal Calciphylaxis, Riddhima Issar, Jinisha Patwa, Yvette Wang

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Calciphylaxis is a rare vascular disorder that presents with painful skin necrosis due to calcium accumulation in skin and adipose tissue. Most commonly, cutaneous manifestations of calciphylaxis are seen on the buttocks, thighs and extremities. Very few cases have presented unconventional locations of these calcified eschars and ulcers such as the penis and scrotum. Risk factors for this disease include chronic kidney disease, hyperparathyroidism, long-term hemodialysis and diabetes. This case presents an atypical presentation of painless scrotal ulcers.

A high degree of clinical suspicion in patients with ESRD on HD and T2DM is needed to effectively reach a diagnosis of …

The Effectiveness Of Culturally Relevant Obesity Programs On Decreasing Bmi Of Hispanic Children, Cindy Nativi

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Obesity epidemic a public health concern in the United States

• significantly increases health burden in affected individuals
• linked to increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer
• childhood obesity linked to earlier onset or presence in adulthood of the same diseases
• crucial to address this disease at the preventative level

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports obesity affects 19.3% of children and adolescents in the United States

• affects all ethnicities, but increased burden on minority populations of low socioeconomic status
• 1 in 5 Hispanic children considered obese

Latinos one of the fastest growing minority populations

• comprise approximately 17% of …

The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Pediatric Obesity In School-Aged Children, Amaani Faizal, Maryanna Schweininger, Suzanna Hosein

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

The prevalence of childhood obesity in those aged 2-19 in the United States was 19.3% in 2017-2018. Childhood obesity is a major health concern with growing rates of incidence. Being overweight or obese put children at risk for developing several chronic conditions such as coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and asthma at a younger age. Studies have shown that higher BMI numbers in childhood added an increased risk of being obese as an adult.

The pathophysiology of developing obesity includes several complex factors ranging from nutrition, physical activity, genetic background and lifestyle preferences. Among children, nutrition and …