Dentistry Commons^™

Effects Of Synthetic Cortical Bone Thickness And Force Vector Application On Temporary Anchorage Device Pull-Out Strength As Related To Clinical Perspectives Of Practicing Orthodontists, Ira Rothstein

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

December 2011.

A thesis submitted to the College of Dental Medicine of Nova Southeastern University of the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry.

Background: Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) provide a versatile means by which orthodontic anchorage can be established without the need for patient compliance and complex force systems. Their use is predicated on their ability to remain stable throughout the course of treatment in which they are needed. This has been shown to be the result of "primary stability" which is achieved through mechanical interlocking of the screw threads with the surrounding bone immediately upon placement. Therefore, evaluating …

Gingival Crevicular Fluid (Gcf) Levels Of Interleukin-6 (Il-6), Soluble Glycoprotein 130 (Sgp130), And Soluble Interleukin-6 Receptor (Sil-6r) During Orthodontic Tooth Movement, Mathue Gene Faulkner

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Introduction: Orthodontic tooth movement requires the precise coordination of a multitude of biological factors in order for proper bone remodeling to occur. Cytokines, such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6), play a critical role in the communication necessary for both bone resorption and bone apposition. IL-6 reacts with receptor proteins, such as soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), on target cells in order to transmit signals important to both osteoclast and osteoblast activities. Soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130), on the other hand, acts as a natural inhibitor to IL-6 activity. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, and sgp130 …

Bacterial Adherence Of Streptococcus Mutans And Lactobacillus Acidophilus On Poly-Methyl Methacrylate And Thermoplastic Polypropene Used In Orthodontic Retention, Lindsay Ann Pfepper

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Retention is required in the majority of orthodontic patients throughout the remainder of their life. The two primary removable appliances are known as the traditional Hawley retainer or the vacuum formed retainer. These appliances were developed to maintain the position of the dentition without sacrificing oral health. The orthodontic population is at a higher risk for caries due to plaque accumulation from poor diet, suboptimal oral hygiene and often lack of motivation. These two retainers occupy different niches and are comprised of different materials; therefore the retainers' effect on oral health could be very different. An understanding of which bacteria …

Practicing Orthodontists' Use And Perceived Efficacy Of Self-Ligating Brackets, John-David Beuhler

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Introduction.

The purpose of this study was to compare perceptions of efficacy and efficiency of Self-Ligating Brackets vs. conventional brackets between practicing Orthodontists and Orthodontic Residents.

Methods.

Cross-sectional survey research using a three-wave emailing of addresses from the current American Association of Orthodontists directory. The directors of all orthodontic residency programs in the US were asked to also distribute to all residents. The survey included five sections: (1) respondents' experience, (2) factors that influence, (3) positive or negative factors, (4) the perceived efficiency/efficacy, and (5) demographics. A 39% response rate (N=707) was obtained.

Results.

Over half (51.8%) …

Effect Of Toothbrush Abrasion On Frictional Resistance Of Aesthetic Orthodontic Archwires, Stephen Alexander Yamodis

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Fixed orthodontic appliances (braces) are one of the most widely used appliances to correct malocclusion, however many patients prefer less metal display. To meet this demand more esthetically pleasing brackets and archwires have been developed. These esthetic components are often clear, white or tooth colored. Coatings of various types are commonly used to produce an esthetic archwire. However, these coating materials tend to wear and degrade, which may cause binding and increased resistance to friction, thereby potentially reducing the efficiency of tooth movement. Therefore, in vitro testing of tooth brush abrasion on frictional resistance of various aesthetic archwires was tested. …

The Influence Of Outdoor Air Quality On Vertical And Transverse Dental Dimensions, Vanessa Jenee Kaplan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: Ambient air pollution exposure is significantly associated with increased posterior crossbite tendency. Purpose: The objectives of this study were to assess whether there was an association between exposure to ambient air pollution and skeletal and dental measurements of vertical and transverse dimension among adolescents in a clinical cohort in Southern California, and to determine what methods may be best suited for use in future research. Materials and Methods: 179 subjects’ addresses were geocoded and ambient air pollution exposure was calculated based on the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) air quality and emissions databases. Vertical and transverse measurements made from subjects’ …

Sleeping Tongue Posture And Its Relationship To Craniofacial Morphology, Brent J. Tingey

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: There exists good consensus in the literature supporting the notion that resting tongue posture is an important factor in dental arch development and maintenance as well as airway control. What has yet to be quantitatively measured is the duration of time that a subconscious, resting tongue posture is maintained and whether such posture differs among various craniofacial morphologies. Quantifiable measurements might allow for prediction of tongue-posture-related problems specific to certain facial types. Purpose: The objective of this study was to record sleeping tongue posture over time in 27 subjects and to compare findings with craniofacial morphology determined by cephalometric …

Accuracy Of Unsegmented Cbct In Mesial-Distal Tooth Measurements, Todd Wesslen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans may be used to measure mesial-distal (MD) tooth width for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine if MD tooth measurements from unsegemented CBCT scans in the axial, sagittal, and coronal planes or from a panoramic reconstruction correlate and agree with respective measurements made on study models. Material and Methods: Using stone models of 30 subjects, reference MD tooth measurements were made using digital calipers. From CBCT scans, five different methods of measuring MD width were used and compared to the reference: (1) points chosen from orthogonal …

Civic Attitude And Activity Of Loma Linda University Dental Graduates, Gregory W. Olson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: Dentistry is regarded as a profession and granted certain privileges, such as self-regulation. Associated with this status are stated and implied responsibilities which are widely debated. In recent years, dental professionalism seems to be on the decline. Evidence cited includes access-to-care issues and decreased public trust in dentists. In response, academia and professional organizations have developed curricula and statements intended to bolster professionalism. Meanwhile little is known about practicing dentists’ attitudes or participation in health-related civic matters. Objectives: This study seeks to examine the importance Loma Linda University (LLU) dental graduates place on public roles, their reported participation in …

Profile Attractiveness In Borderline Class Iii Surgical/Orthodontic Cases, Melina Adamian

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: This study evaluated differences between laypersons and orthodontists in rating facial attractiveness in borderline class III surgical/orthodontic cases. The purpose was to determine whether orthognathic surgery or camouflage is a better alternative for observable esthetic improvement in borderline Class III surgical/orthodontic patients. This study will aid the orthodontist in recommending treatment options to enhance profile attractiveness of borderline Class III surgical/orthodontic patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty profile images of treated borderline class III surgical/orthodontic cases were selected. Fifteen of the profile images were of cases that had been treated by orthodontics alone, and fifteen images were of cases that …

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography And Orthodontics: Awareness Assessment, Warren D. Libby

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a specific orthodontic community's knowledge and understanding of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) technology as well as awareness of the implications of CBCT use, including risk assessment, radiation dose estimation, diagnostic utility, and issues of informed consent. It is incumbent on the profession to understand how practitioners view this technology as it gains popularity and ease of use. Materials and Methods: A 21-question survey with 13 additional demographic questions was distributed to several different populations affiliated with Loma Linda University School of Dentistry: 1) undergraduate dental students, 2) students in specialty programs …

Three-Dimensional Evaluation Of The Effect Of Maxillary Incisor Retraction On The Palatal Bone And Root Resorption, Jessica R. Lynch Dmd

Master's Theses

Introduction: The objective of this study was to compare pre-treatment and post-treatment cone-beam computed tomography images of patients to quantitatively evaluate the effect of orthodontically retracting maxillary incisors on the height and labiolingual thickness of labial and palatal alveolar bone and incisor apical root resorption. Methods: Maxillary central incisor apical root resorption, labial and palatal alveolar bone height, and labiolingual thickness were assessed on pre-treatment and post-treatment cone-beam computed tomography scans of 59 subjects (mean age, 13.00 years) with premolar extractions and 63 subjects (mean age, 13.40 years) who were treated with non-extraction therapy. Results: The mean incisor apical root …

The Long-Term Stability Of Class Ii Cases Treated In A Private Practice Using A Straightwire Appliance: A Dental Cast Analysis, Lina K. Kulkarni

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Achieving long-term stability after orthodontic treatment is a major challenge for orthodontists. The previous literature shows that relapse occurs at a considerable magnitude. The purpose of the present study was to determine the amount and type of long-term, posttreatment relapse that occurs in a homogeneous group of patients treated by a single experienced orthodontist in a private practice setting. Dental casts from a sample of 30 Class II division 1 Caucasian females treated without extractions were evaluated at pretreatment (mean age = 13.1 years), posttreatment (mean age = 15.9 years) and recall (mean age = 28.3 years) to determine the …

Efficacy Of Temporary Fixed Retention Following Comprehensive Orthodontic Treatment, Mark J. Owens

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Instability of the occlusion is a common problem following orthodontic treatment. The purpose of the present research was to evaluate posttreatment relapse at long-term recall (> 10 years) in cases (A) treated with temporary fixed mandibular retention plus Hawley retainers compared to (B) a similar group retained with just removable retention (standard Hawley type retainers alone). Fixed retainers were removed after having been in place for about 2.5 years. Following this period, use of removable retention was left up to the discretion of the patient in both groups. Data consisted of orthodontic records of 166 American whites, all of whom …

Craniofacial Changes Following Nonextraction Orthodontic Treatment: A Long-Term Cephalometric Analysis, James Austin Rahaim

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Long-term posttreatment cephalometric changes from late adolescence into early adulthood were analyzed in this study. Lateral cephalometric radiographs from a sample of 30 Class II division 1 Caucasian females treated without extractions were evaluated at posttreatment (mean age = 15.9 years) and recall (mean age = 28.3 years). All of the subjects were treated in the private practice of a single, experienced practitioner. The cephalograms were examined to investigate changes in the cranial base, midface, maxilla, mandible, maxillomandibular relationships, dental relationships, and the soft tissue profile that occurred at an average of 12.4 years posttreatment. Descriptive and inferential statistics were …

Frictional Resistance Of Aesthetic Orthodontic Arch Wires Compared To Traditional Arch Wires Before And After Toothbrush Abrasion, Stephen Yamodis, Jeremy Manuele, Adam Kessler, Brendan O'Toole, James Mah, Bob Martin

Festival of Communities: UG Symposium (Posters)

Our objective was to compare frictional resistance evident in aesthetic archwires to traditional (non-aesthetic) archwires. Methods: Archwires ligated with elasatics to fixed brackets were pulled through these brackets while frictional resistance (in lbf) was measured. Results: There were no confirmed significant differences between the frictional resistance of the aesthetic arch wires compared to the traditional non-coated wires for all wire sizes tested Conclusions: Our data suggests that a sacrifice of clinical performance with these aesthetic archwires as compared to traditional archwires is not likely

Friction Testing Of A New Ligature, Alison Mantel

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Objective: To determine if American Orthodontics' (AO) new, experimental ligature demonstrates less friction in vitro when compared to four other ligatures on the market.

Methods: Four brackets were mounted on a custom metal fixture allowing an 0.018-in stainless steel wire attached to an opposite fixture with one bracket to be passively centered in the bracket slot. The wire was ligated to the bracket using one of five types of ligatures including the low friction test ligatures (AO), conventional ligatures (AO), Sili–TiesTM, Silicone Infused Ties (GAC), Synergy® Low-Friction Ligatures (RMO), and SuperSlick ligatures (TP Orthodontics). Resistance to sliding was measured over …

Hydrolysis Of Amelogenin By Matrix Metalloprotease-20 Accelerates Mineralization In Vitro, Vuk Uskoković, Feroz Khan, Haichuan Liu, Halina Ewa Witkowska, Li Zhu, Wu Li, Stefan Habelitz

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

In the following respects, tooth enamel is a unique tissue in the mammalian body: (a) it is the most mineralized and hardest tissue in it comprising up to 95 wt% of apatite; (b) its microstructure is dominated by parallel rods composed of bundles of 40 – 60 nm wide apatite crystals with aspect ratios reaching up to 1:10,000 and (c) not only does the protein matrix that gives rise to enamel guides the crystal growth, but it also conducts its own degradation and removal in parallel. Hence, when mimicking the process of amelogenesis in vitro, crystal growth has to …