Anatomy Commons^™

Assessment Of Landing Biomechanics And Rehabilitation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Sheila S. Gagnon

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Aberrant landing biomechanics increase the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and are a focus of rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction. The purpose of the present thesis was to develop and evaluate methods of assessing landing mechanics and investigate the effects of different rehabilitation strategies after ACL reconstruction. Three studies were conducted. The first study used a Delphi process to develop the content of a Clinician-Rated Drop Vertical Jump Scale to evaluate jump landing mechanics during rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction. Twenty experts participated in four rounds of questioning, resulting in 92% agreement for knee valgus collapse, lateral trunk lean, insufficient …

Sensory Filtering Disruption Caused By Poly I:C - Timing Of Exposure And Other Experimental Considerations., Faraj L Haddad, Lu Lu, Kelly J Baines, Susanne Schmid

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Maternal immune activation (MIA) in response to infection during pregnancy has been linked through various epidemiological and preclinical studies to an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia in exposed offspring. Sensory filtering disruptions occur in both of these disorders and are typically measured using the acoustic startle response in both humans and rodents. Our study focuses on characterizing the baseline reactivity, habituation and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response following exposure to MIA. We induced MIA using polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) at gestational day (GD) 9.5 or 14.5, and we …

An Investigation On The Influences Of Radial Head Hemiarthroplasty Stem Fixation Techniques On Articular Mechanics, Jakub Szmit

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Radial head hemiarthroplasty design has been extensively studied with a focus on utilizing the geometrical characteristics of the native radial dish as a guide of implant placement and design. Although implant design has been studied, optimal radial head implant fixation technique remains unknown. This thesis focused on the effect of stem fit on radiocapitellar contact mechanics, using both finite element and experimental bench-top approaches. Additionally, investigation into the impact of varus/valgus malalignment of the radial head in both the native state and following hemiarthroplasty was conducted. It was found that loose fitting a smooth stem axisymmetric radial head implant through …

Pannexin 1 Inhibition Delays Maturation And Improves Development Of Bos Taurus Oocytes, Zachary Timothy Dye, Lauren Virginia Rutledge, Silvia Penuela, Paul William Dyce

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

© 2020 The Author(s). Background: Intercellular exchange between the oocyte and its surrounding cells within the follicular environment is critical for oocyte maturation and subsequent development. In vertebrates this exchange is facilitated through gap junctions formed by connexin membrane proteins. Another family of membrane proteins called pannexins are able to form single membrane channels that allow cellular exchanges with the extracellular environment. The most ubiquitously expressed and studied member, pannexin 1 (PANX1), has yet to be described thoroughly in female reproductive tissues or functionally studied during oocyte maturation. Here, we look into the expression of pannexin 1 in bovine cumulus-oocyte …

Implementing A Multi-Segment Foot Model In A Clinical Setting To Measure Inter-Segmental Joint Motions, Tahereh Amiri

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

It has been illustrated that measuring inter-segmental joint motions of the foot using a dynamic method is required to evaluate the function and level of impairment of the foot joints. Optical motion tracking using the multi-segment foot model (MSFM) developed by Jenkyn and Nicole (2007), has been demonstrated to be a valid tool for measuring the motion of the joints within the foot. However, in current practice, inter-segmental joint motions of this model are measured using a custom-written software (MATLAB) and it limits the clinical usefulness of this model. Hence, this study implemented the MSFM introduced by Jenkyn and Nicole …

Consideration Of Pannexin 1 Channels In Covid-19 Pathology And Treatment, Leigh Anne Swayne, Scott R. Johnstone, Chen Seng Ng, Juan C. Sanchez-Arias, Miranda E. Good, Silvia Penuela, Alexander W. Lohman, Abigail G. Wolpe, Victor E. Laubach, X. Michael Koval, Brant E. Isakson

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Copyright © 2020 the American Physiological Society Pannexin 1 (PANX1) is a ubiquitously expressed, channel-forming protein found in a number of tissues throughout the body (e.g., lung, vasculature, liver, central nervous system, immune system) that is important in many key physiological and immune responses (18, 55). PANX1 channels passively flux ATP (predominantly), multiple metabolites, and likely other small anions (37, 39). PANX1 channels regulate inflammation and host responses to several pathogens, including viruses (36, 42, 53). While there is currently no evidence suggesting novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and PANX1 directly interact, there is an urgent need …

Quadriceps Muscle Layer Thickness In Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Potential Measure Of Frailty And Sarcopenia, Max A. Levine

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Introduction: Frailty and sarcopenia are related concepts that can impact outcomes after kidney transplantation. Measures of these two entities and new/emerging metrics of sarcopenia remain to be validated.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study, kidney and kidney-pancreas transplant recipients were assessed at the time of transplant with the Physical Frailty Phenotype, bioimpedance analysis, quadriceps muscle layer thickness (QMLT), and CT. The impact on length of stay (LOS), prediction of frailty/sarcopenia, and relative concordance of metrics were analyzed.

Results: Low QMLT, a putative surrogate of sarcopenia/frailty, was more frequently associated with longer LOS (>14 days) after transplant. Additionally, QMLT was …

The Of Application Of 3d-Printing To Lumbar Spine Surgery, Andrew J. Kanawati

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Rapid prototyping refers to the manufacturing process in which a three-dimensional (3D) digital model can be transformed into a physical model by layering material in the shape of successive cross sections atop of previously layers. Rapid prototyping has been increasing in popularity in the field of medicine and surgery due to the ability to personalize various aspects of patient care. The thesis will explore the use of rapid prototyping in lumbar spine surgery, aim to quantify the accuracy of medical imaging when relating to imaged structures and their corresponding models produced by rapid prototyping, and determine if complex patient-specific guides …

Investigating The Role Of Nuclear Receptor Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Δ In Obesity-Associated Osteoarthritis, Bethia C. To

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous disease, differentiated based by risk factors that drive joint damage. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARd) is a nuclear receptor previously implicated in cartilage damage in OA. Given its deleterious role in post-traumatic OA and in regulating metabolism, we hypothesized that PPARd inhibition will protect against obesity-associated OA. Diet-induced obesity was used to induce OA in mice. Mice fed the western diet for 40 weeks exhibited mild OA, with subchondral bone remodelling occurring alongside cartilage damage. Cartilage-specific Ppard knockout (KO) mice were generated to study its role in metabolic OA. Both wildtype and PPARd KO mice …

What We Can Learn From A Genetic Rodent Model About Autism., Dorit Möhrle, Marta Fernández, Olga Peñagarikano, Andreas Frick, Brian Allman, Susanne Schmid

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders that are caused by genetic and/or environmental impacts, often probably by the interaction of both. They are characterised by deficits in social communication and interaction and by restricted and repetitive behaviours and interests from early childhood on, causing significant impairment. While it is clear that no animal model captures the full complexity of ASD in humans, genetic models are extremely useful for studying specific symptoms associated with ASD and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. In this review we summarize the behavioral paradigms used in rodents to model ASD symptoms as they …

Intrinsic Measures And Shape Analysis Of The Intratemporal Facial Nerve, Thomas Hudson, Bradley Gare, Daniel Allen, Hanif Ladak, Sumit Agrawal

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

Hypothesis: To characterize anatomical measurements and shape variation of the facial nerve within the temporal bone, and to create statistical shape models (SSMs) to enhance knowledge of temporal bone anatomy and aid in automated segmentation.

Background: The facial nerve is a fundamental structure in otologic surgery, and detailed anatomic knowledge with surgical experience are needed to avoid its iatrogenic injury. Trainees can use simulators to practice surgical techniques, however manual segmentation required to develop simulations can be time consuming. Consequently, automated segmentation algorithms have been developed that use atlas registration, SSMs, and deep learning.

Methods: Forty cadaveric temporal bones were …