Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment Commons^™

Ls301 Fluorescence-Guided Photodynamic Therapy Of Brain Cancer Using Ppix Photosensitizer, Haini Zhang

McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Incomplete brain tumor removal always causes neurologic deficit, disease recurrence and high mortality. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulated in glioma cells with exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) serves as contrast agent for fluorescence-guided surgery and as well as acts as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the accurate tumor delineation using PpIX is limited by autofluorescence and superficial penetration depth. LS301 is a tumor-targeted near-infrared (NIR) contrast agent developed in our lab which allows deeper tumor imaging and avoids autofluorescence. My project aims to investigate whether LS301 can improve PpIX mediated PDT and tumor removal surgery. We have demonstrated co-localization of …

Quantitative Yttrium-90 Bremsstrahlung Spect/Ct And Pet/Ct Study For 3d Dosimetry In Radiomicrosphere Therapy, Senait Aknaw Debebe

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Liver cancer ranks the third most common cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Radiomicrosphere therapy (RMT), a form of radiation therapy, involves administration of Yttrium-90 (90Y) microspheres to the liver via the hepatic artery. 90Y microspheres bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT or PET/CT imaging could potentially identify an extrahepatic uptake. An early detection of such an uptake, thus, could initiate preventative measures early on. However, the quantitative accuracy of bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT images is limited by the wide and continuous energy spectrum of 90Y bremsstrahlung photons. 90Y PET/CT imaging is also possible but limited by the extremely small internal pair production decay. These limitation …

Temporal Resolution Of Cell Death Signaling Events Induced By Cold Atmospheric Plasma And Electroporation In Human Cancer Cells, Danielle M. Krug, Prasoon K. Diwakar, Ahmed Hassanein

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Cancer treatment resistance and their invasive and expensive nature is propelling research towards developing alternate approaches to eradicate cancer in patients. Non-thermal, i.e., cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) and electroporation (EP) applied to the surface of cancerous tissue are new methods that are minimally invasive, safe, and selective. These approaches, both independently and synergistically, have been shown to deplete cancer cell populations, but the signaling mechanisms of death and their timelines of action are still widely unknown. To better understand the timeframe of signaling events occurring upon treatment, human cancer cell lines were treated with CAP, EP, and combined CAP with …

Frequency Sensitive Mechanism In Low-Intensity Ultrasound Enhanced Bioeffects, April D. Miller, Abdoulkadri Chama, Tobias M. Louw, Anuradha Subramanian, Hendrik J. Viljoen

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Faculty Publications

This study presents two novel theoretical models to elucidate frequency sensitive nuclear mechanisms in low-intensity ultrasound enhanced bioeffects. In contrast to the typical 1.5 MHz pulsed ultrasound regime, our group previously experimentally confirmed that ultrasound stimulation of anchored chondrocytes at resonant frequency maximized gene expression of load inducible genes which are regulatory markers for cellular response to external stimuli. However, ERK phosphorylation displayed no frequency dependency, suggesting that the biochemical mechanisms involved in enhanced gene expression is downstream of ERK phosphorylation. To elucidate such underlying mechanisms, this study presents a theoretical model of an anchored cell, representing an in vitro …

Biomechanical Testing Of An Exercise For Strengthening The Proximal Femur., Alyssa Osbourne

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Based on the principles of cutting edge bone remodeling research, a unique therapeutic exercise device was designed specifically to improve bone quality at the most critical location of the proximal femur prone to fracture: the superior-lateral femoral neck where the fracture first initiates during a fall. The exercise/device is intended to work by inducing enough strain in the bone to stimulate the body’s natural bone remodeling mechanisms to increase bone density in the proximal femur and consequently prevent a fracture from arising if a fall to the side does occur.

In order to test the proposed exercise, experiments simulating the …

Enhancing Informative Frame Filtering By Water And Bubble Detection In Colonoscopy Videos, Ashok Dahal, Junghwan Oh, Wallapak Tavanapong, Johnny S. Wong, Piet C. De Groen

Johnny Wong

Colonoscopy has contributed to a marked decline in the number of colorectal cancer related deaths. However, recent data suggest that there is a significant (4-12%) miss-rate for the detection of even large polyps and cancers. To address this, we have been investigating an ‘automated feedback system’ which informs the endoscopist of possible sub-optimal inspection during colonoscopy. A fundamental step of this system is to distinguish non-informative frames from informative ones. Existing methods for this cannot classify water/bubble frames as non-informative even though they do not carry any useful visual information of the colon mucosa. In this paper, we propose a …

Cable Footprint History: Spatio-Temporal Technique For Instrument Detection In Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Procedures, Chuanhai Zhang, Wallapak Tavanapong, Johnny S. Wong, Piet C. De Groen, Junghwan Oh

Johnny Wong

We propose a new fast spatio-temporal technique that detects an operation scene---a video segment corresponding to a single purpose diagnosis action or a single purpose therapeutic action. The technique utilizes (1) color contrast of the cable region and the background, (2) the new area-based coordinate system to compute spatial features, and (3) the history of locations of detected cables of the instrument in a video to discard false regions. The proposed technique and software are useful for (1) automatic documentation of diagnostic or therapeutic operations at the end of the procedure, (2) a second review for causes of complications due …

Recombinant Aav Serotype And Capsid Mutant Comparison For Pulmonary Gene Transfer Of Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Using Invasive And Noninvasive Delivery, Rejean Liqun Wang, Thomas J. Mclaughlin, Travis Cossette, Qiushi Tang, Kevin Foust, Martha Campbell-Thompson, Ashley Martino, Pedro Cruz, Scott Loiler, Christian Mueller, Terence R. Flotte

Christian Mueller

Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors have been widely used in pulmonary gene therapy research. In this study, we evaluated the transduction and expression efficiencies of several AAV serotypes and AAV2 capsid mutants with specific pulmonary targeting ligands in the mouse lung. The noninvasive intranasal delivery was compared with the traditional intratracheal lung delivery. The rAAV8 was the most efficient serotype at expressing alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) in the lung among all the tested serotypes and mutants. A dose of 1 x 1010 vg of rAAV8-CB-AAT transduced a high percentage of cells in the lung when delivered intratrachealy. The serum and the broncho-alveolar …

Pediatric Leukemia: Diagnosis To Treatment–A Review, Samantha C. Bernard, Ehab H. Abdelsamad, Paisley A. Johnson, Daniel L. Chapman, Madhukiran Parvathaneni

Faculty Works

Leukemia is cancer of the blood and bone marrow, it is the most common cancer found in children and is found to be more than one fourth of pediatric cancers. It causes white blood cells to become abnormal and the body to become weak. This deficiency in the immune system reduces the body's ability to fight infection or simple airborne illnesses, causing extensive treatment of common pathogens and cancer treatment. The present review covers all topics, from diagnosis to treatment of pediatric leukemia, as well as the stages of growth and physiological changes throughout the process. As leukemia has a …

Detection Of Leukocytes Stained With Acridine Orange Using Unique Spectral Features Acquired From An Image-Based Spectrometer, Courtney J. Hunter

Biomedical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

A leukocyte differential count can be used to diagnosis a myriad blood disorders, such as infections, allergies, and efficacy of disease treatments. In recent years, attention has been focused on developing point-of-care (POC) systems to provide this test in global health settings. Acridine orange (AO) is an amphipathic, vital dye that intercalates leukocyte nucleic acids and acidic vesicles. It has been utilized by POC systems to identify the three main leukocyte subtypes: granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Subtypes of leukocytes can be characterized using a fluorescence microscope, where the AO has a 450 nm excitation wavelength and has two peak emission …

Optical Imaging Of Metabolic Adaptability As A Biomarker For Metastatic Potential In Breast Cancer Cells, Mason G. Harper

Biomedical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Breast cancer metastasis is the main cause for mortality in breast cancer patients. However, knowledge of metastatic recurrence is limited, and there is a need to understand metastatic recurrence in order to treat breast cancer patients more effectively. Highly invasive metastatic breast cancer has shown to exhibit metabolic adaptability, transitioning from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation in the presence of microenvironmental stress. NADH and FAD are naturally occurring cofactor products during glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, respectively, and they are of particular importance during these metabolic processes due to their endogenous fluorescence. Measuring the ratio of fluorescence intensities of these cofactors through …

A Novel Hybrid Imaging System To Aid In Surgical Decision Making, Lawrence Yip, Madeleine Van De Kleut, Ivan Kosik, Astrid Chamson-Reig, Jeffrey Jl Carson

Western Research Forum

Background:

Breast cancer accounts for 25% of all cancer cases among women. In breast-conserving surgery, a common treatment, the tumour is excised with a healthy tissue margin. However, detection of the margin can be difficult. Current techniques to guide excision are often insufficient, and re-excision can occur up to 25% of the time.

Methods:

Photoacoustic imaging is a hybrid imaging modality that combines the advantages of optical imaging and ultrasound while using safe non-ionizing light. This project involves the development of a novel imaging system with a new scanner design to overcome common limitations and provide images to aid in …

Engineering Fret Biosensors For Microrna Presence/Absence Analysis, Nicholas E. Larkey, Sean M. Burrows

Biomedical Engineering Western Regional Conference

No abstract provided.

Design Of Radio-Frequency Arrays For Ultra-High Field Mri, Ian R O Connell

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an indispensable, non-invasive diagnostic tool for the assessment of disease and function. As an investigational device, MRI has found routine use in both basic science research and medicine for both human and non-human subjects.

Due to the potential increase in spatial resolution, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the ability to exploit novel tissue contrasts, the main magnetic field strength of human MRI scanners has steadily increased since inception. Beginning in the early 1980’s, 0.15 T human MRI scanners have steadily risen in main magnetic field strength with ultra-high field (UHF) 8 T MRI systems deemed to …

Utility Of Ultrasound/Photoacoustic Imaging For Accurate Catheter Tracking And Temperature Monitoring During Endovenous Laser Ablation, Ayushi Jharia, Keerthana Palani, Yan Yan

Research Opportunities for Engineering Undergraduates (ROEU) Program 2016-17

Laser ablation is a treatment method that uses light energy through a catheter inserted into a vein to induce localized heat to close the diseased blood vessels. Ultrasound (US) imaging has been used for catheter visualization and tracking. US has limitations for tracking the accurate location of the fiber tip inside small perforating veins such as angular dependency and comet tail artifacts. We propose a robust and accurate method for fiber tip tracking using combined US and Photoacoustic (PA) imaging to overcome the existing limitations.

Contribuciones De La Salud Y La Seguridad En El Trabajo A La Calidad De La Vida Laboral: Una Reflexión Analítica, Ivonne Constanza Valero Pacheco, Martha Isabel Riaño-Casallas

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

La finalidad de la Calidad de Vida Laboral (CVL) y la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (SST) es el bienestar, la productividad y la protección del trabajador en su medio laboral. Por tal razón, el objetivo del presente trabajo es comprender la relación entre estos dos conceptos y, por ende, deducir la significancia de tal nexo. El estudio se realiza bajo un enfoque cualitativo-descriptivo, por su carácter interpretativo-inductivo, y con diseño hermenéutico mediante, cual pretende comprender, explicar e interpretar las teorías propuestas para CVL y sus relaciones con la SST como factor determinante de esta. Resultado de dicho análisis …

Studying The Optimal Scheduling For Controlling Prostate Cancer Under Intermittent Androgen Suppression, Sunil K. Dhar, Hans R. Chaudhry, Bruce G. Bukiet, Zhiming Ji, Nan Gao, Thomas W. Findley

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

This retrospective study shows that the majority of patients’ correlations between PSA and Testosterone during the on-treatment period is at least 0.90. Model-based duration calculations to control PSA levels during off-treatment are provided. There are two pairs of models. In one pair, the Generalized Linear Model and Mixed Model are both used to analyze the variability of PSA at the individual patient level by using the variable “Patient ID” as a repeated measure. In the second pair, Patient ID is not used as a repeated measure but additional baseline variables are included to analyze the variability of PSA.

La Calidad De Vida Relacionada Con La Salud En Pacientes Con Degeneración Macular Asociada Con La Edad, Gerardo Andrés Dussán Torres

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

La degeneración macular asociada con la edad (DMAE) es una enfermedad de la retina que no solo afecta la función visual, sino que influye en la salud general del paciente y en su calidad de vida por esta razón, la medición de la salud visual típicamente efectuada con los indicadores clínicos debe, además, abarcar una evaluación que permita obtener un valor numérico que represente la enfermedad dentro del estado funcional del paciente. Objetivo establecer diferencias estadísticamente significativas de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en los participantes diagnosticados con DMAE y en pacientes sanos. Metodología: estudio observacional …

Rangos De Referencia De Heteroforias Y Reservas Fusionales Entre Los 6 Y Los 60 Años De Edad, Alejandro León Álvarez, Sandra Milena Medrano Muñoz, Mónica Marlene Márquez Galvis

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

Objetivo describir los valores de referencia para la heteroforia medida con el prisma cover test, las reservas fusionales negativas (RFN) y las positivas (RFP) a 3 m y 0,4 m y el punto próximo de convergencia (PPC), en una población colombiana entre los 6 y los 60 años de edad. Materiales y métodos se incluyeron 632 personas de Pereira, Colombia, en este estudio. Se les practicó un examen optométrico rutinario que incluyó la evaluación de la heteroforia con PCT, RFN y RFP con barra de prismas, PPC con una tarjeta acomodativa (OR) y luz más filtro rojo (FR). Resultados la …

Perfil De La Salud Visual Y Ocular De Los Niños De Dos Centros De Desarrollo Infantil De Pereira, Colombia, Mónica Marlene Márquez Galvis, Mayra Catalina Cáceres Díaz

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

La detección de alteraciones en el desarrollo visual de los niños es una de las misiones del optómetra, para prevenir la aparición y complicación de los problemas visuales. Objetivo identificar el estado refractivo, motor y patológico del segmento anterior y posterior en los niños de dos centros de desarrollo infantil (CDI) de Pereira, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, de corte transversal, en el cual se describen las características sociodemográficas y la morbilidad visual y ocular de los niños, de estrato socioeconómico 0 y 1, según las historias clínicas de exámenes efectuados en los años 2012 y 2013 y …

Asociación Del Virus Del Papiloma Humano Con Enfermedades Oculares Del Segmento Anterior Y Los Párpados, Paola Andrea Abello Tapias, Henry Herrera

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

Este artículo se basa en la revisión y profundización de los conceptos relacionados con la virulencia del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) en el segmento anterior ocular, coexistente con papilomas múltiples palpebrales. Objetivo conocer las características clínicas, terapéuticas y epidemiológicas de la infección del VPH en el segmento anterior ocular y los párpados, así como sus diagnósticos diferenciales. Metodología: revisión sistematizada y exhaustiva de literatura científica relevante que evidencia objetividad en su comprensión y reproductividad en su conclusión la búsqueda se limitó a una revisión sistemática de metanálisis y ensayos clínicos, en idioma inglés y español, a partir del año …

Diagnóstico Diferencial De Conjuntivitis Alérgica Crónica En Rinitis Alérgica, Nancy Mariana Chaclán Delgado, Ruth Eva Hernández Carbajal, Óscar Antonio Ramos Montes

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

Introducción en la clínica de optometría de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, se presentó un caso clínico de rinoconjuntivitis alérgica persistente monocular en un paciente de 13 años de edad, diagnosticado y tratado como conjuntivitis bacteriana por varias instancias médicas previas a nuestra consulta. Se analizó el caso al considerar los signos y síntomas, así como la evolución de la patología. Objetivo desarrollar un diagnóstico diferencial entre conjuntivitis alérgica crónica con rinoconjuntivitis alérgica persistente, a partir de un proceso diagnosticado como infeccioso. Método valoración a través de biomicroscopia, revisión de fosas …

Theoretically Proposed Optimal Frequency For Ultrasound Induced Cartilage Restoration, April D. Miller, Anuradha Subramanian, Hendrik J. Viljoen

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Faculty Publications

Background: Matching the frequency of the driving force to that of the system’s natural frequency of vibration results in greater amplitude response. Thus we hypothesize that applying ultrasound at the chondrocyte’s resonant frequency will result in greater deformation than applying similar ultrasound power at a frequency outside of the resonant bandwidth. Based on this resonant hypothesis, our group previously confirmed theoretically and experimentally that ultrasound stimulation of suspended chondrocytes at resonance (5 MHz) maximized gene expression of load inducible genes. However, this study was based on suspended chondrocytes. The resonant frequency of a chondrocyte does not only depend on the …

Enhanced Breast Cancer Classification With Automatic Thresholding Using Support Vector Machine And Harris Corner Detection, Mohammad Taheri

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Image classification and extracting the characteristics of a tumor are the powerful tools in medical science. In case of breast cancer medical treatment, the breast cancer classification methods can be used to classify input images as benign and malignant classes for better diagnoses and earlier detection with breast tumors. However, classification process can be challenging because of the existence of noise in the images, and complicated structures of the image. Manual classification of the images is timeconsuming, and need to be done only by medical experts. Hence using an automated medical image classification tool is useful and necessary. In addition, …

Creation Of An Injectable In Situ Gelling Native Extracellular Matrix For Nucleus Pulposus Tissue Engineering, Rebecca A. Wachs, Ella N. Hoogenboezem, Hammad I. Huda, Shangjing Xin, Stacy L. Porvasnik, Christine E. Schmidt

Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications

Background Context: Disc degeneration is the leading cause of low back pain and is often characterized by a loss of disc height, resulting from cleavage of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) present in the nucleus pulposus. Intact CSPGs are critical to water retention and maintenance of the nucleus osmotic pressure. Decellularization of healthy nucleus pulposus tissue has the potential to serve as an ideal matrix for tissue engineering of the disc because of the presence of native disc proteins and CSPGs. Injectable in situ gelling matrices are the most viable therapeutic option to prevent damage to the anulus fibrosus and future …

Habilidades Visoperceptuales En Niños Escolarizados De 7 A 12 Años Con Ambliopía Refractiva, Tomás Cristóbal Jadue Jadue, Luisa Fernanda Figueroa O.

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

La percepción visual es una habilidad que involucra una serie de subhabilidades relacionadas, que interactúan entre sí para analizar, integrar y sintetizar la información visual de manera eficiente. Objetivo general: determinar el estado de las habilidades visoperceptuales en niños escolarizados entre 7 y 12 años con ambliopía refractiva, residentes de Bogotá. Materiales y métodos: se desarrolló un estudio observacional descriptivo así mismo, se contribuyó en la obtención de la muestra al efectuar tamizaje visual a los estudiantes del grupo de edad seleccionado (examen completo, incluida cicloplejia, a los estudiantes positivos posibles ambliopes en el tamizaje) y al aplicar la prueba …

Control De La Miopía Con Ortoqueratología, Ernesto José Ortega Pacific, Adriana Rodríguez Rodríguez

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

La ortoqueratología ha tenido un gran auge en los últimos años, debido a la aparición de nuevos materiales y diseños que han facilitado su aplicación por esta razón, se planteó desarrollar una revisión que permitiera analizarla desde aquellos pacientes en quienes se ha usado. Objetivos: mostrar la evidencia científica del uso de la ortoqueratología para el control de la miopía. Materiales y métodos: revisión bibliométrica de 50 artículos científicos escritos entre 1999 y 2015, con grado de recomendación B y nivel de evidencia II-3, según la escala United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPTS). Se consideraron las variables edad, defecto …

Caracterización De La Microbiota Conjuntival Transitoria Y Residente De Adultos Jóvenes, Martha Fabiola Rodríguez Álvarez, Victoria Martín Algarra, Valeria Jaimes Niño

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

La microbiota ocular se encuentra principalmente en la conjuntiva y está constituida por bacterias de los géneros Staphylococcus corynebacterium spp., Bacillus spp., Neisseria spp., Moraxella spp. y Streptococcus spp. Esta diversidad puede variar según las condiciones estacionales, la temperatura, la edad y la exposición ambiental. Objetivo caracterizar la diversidad de la microbiota residente y transitoria de la conjuntiva en adultos jóvenes. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en 67 adultos jóvenes, hombres y mujeres entre 18 y 25 años de edad, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y aceptaron firmar el consentimiento informado. A cada sujeto se le …

Las Nieves: Una Descripción De Su Territorio Desde La Perspectiva De La Calidad De Vida Y La Salud, Diana Carolina Gómez Niño, Adriana Patricia Pérez Gutiérrez, Carol Bibiana Sandoval Rodríguez, Wilson Giovanni Jiménez Barbosa, Cindy Paola Vanegas Roa

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

Objetivo describir el territorio del barrio Las Nieves desde la perspectiva de la calidad de vida y la salud. Metodología estudio de tipo descriptivo y narrativo desarrollado en dos fases: la primera fue un estudio documental sobre la historia del barrio, los límites del territorio, sus rutas de transporte público y las principales infraestructuras que lo componen la segunda consistió en un recorrido por el barrio. Con los datos de las dos fases se describió lo observado y su relación con la historia y la realidad presente del barrio. Resultados la historia de Las Nieves se remonta a los orígenes …

Cambios En La Película Lagrimal Con El Uso Simultáneo De Lentes De Contacto Y Tratamientos Anticonceptivos Hormonales, Andrea Jiménez Caro, Claudia Jiménez Forero

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

En la actualidad, cada vez más hombres y mujeres han empezado a utilizar métodos anticonceptivos con el fin de limitar el número de hijos que desean tener. Los anticonceptivos están compuestos por hormonas como la progestina y los estrógenos. El uso de estos produce cambios hormonales que repercuten sistémicamente en el cuerpo, lo que puede generar alteraciones oculares, específicamente en la película lagrimal (PL). Así mismo, la PL puede sufrir transformaciones en su estructura con el uso de lentes de contacto (LC). El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer a los profesionales de la salud visual los cambios …