Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Health Professionals’ Roles In Animal Agriculture, Climate Change, And Human Health, Aysha Z. Akhtar, Michael Greger, Hope Ferdowsian, Erica Frank

Michael Greger, MD, FACLM

What we eat is rapidly becoming an issue of global concern. With food shortages, the rise in chronic disease, and global warming, the impact of our dietary choices seems more relevant today than ever. Globally, a transition is taking place toward greater consumption of foods of animal origin, in lieu of plantbased diets. With this transition comes intensification of animal agriculture that in turn is associated with the emergence of zoonotic infectious diseases, environmental degradation, and the epidemics of chronic disease and obesity. Health professionals should be aware of these trends and consider them as they promote healthier and more …

E-Coaching For Weight Loss, Jennifer Warren

Jennifer Warren

Parental Perception Of Healthy Eating And Physical Activity: Results From A Preliminary Photovoice Study, Nicole Mareno

Nicole Mareno

Flax: Food And Fiber, Madeleine K. Charney

Madeleine K. Charney

Highlights the versatile and nutritious flax plant, now cultivated worldwide.

Examining The Influence Of Farmers' Market Managers’ Perceived Roles On Access To Healthful Foods For Low-Income Households And Business Opportunities For Small- And Moderate-Size Farms, Rachel K. Ward

Rachel K Ward

Farmers’ markets are increasingly promoted as mechanisms for improving access to healthful foods for low-income households, as they are relatively inexpensive to establish and they can provide affordable food for low-income households by offering Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Electronic Benefit Transfer (SNAP/EBT). SNAP/EBT at markets also expands revenue opportunities for participating farmers. Market mangers provide a critical role in overseeing SNAP/EBT at markets and influencing business opportunities for farmers. Using a mixed-method approach, this study aimed to evaluate how managers’ motivations influence SNAP/EBT availability and participation at markets, and business opportunities for small- and moderate- sized farms. To develop a …

Oxandrolone In Trauma Patients, Jane M. Gervasio, Roland N. Dickerson, Jessica Swearingen, Mary E.D. Yates, Ceaminia Yuen, Timothy C. Fabian, Martin A. Croce, Rex O. Brown

Jane M. Gervasio

Study Objective To determine the effect of oxandrolone administration on nutritional and clinical outcomes after multiple trauma. Design Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Setting. Level 1 trauma center in a university teaching hospital. Patients Sixty-two patients requiring enteral nutrition, 60 of whom completed the study. Intervention Patients were randomized to receive either oxandrolone 10 mg or placebo twice/day for a maximum of 28 days. Measurements and Main Results Total urinary nitrogen, prealbumin, nitrogen balance, total body water, and body cell mass were measured on day 1 of enteral nutrition and then at day 7, day 10, and study exit. Patients …

A Comparison Of Renal Phosphorus Regulation In Thermally-Injured And Multiple Trauma Patients Receiving Specialized Nutrition Support, Roland N. Dickerson, Jane M. Gervasio, Justin J. Sherman, Kenneth A. Kudsk, William L. Hickerson, Rex O. Brown

Jane M. Gervasio

To compare phosphorus intake and renal phosphorus regulation between thermally injured patients and multiple trauma patients, 40 consecutive critically ill patients, 20 with thermal injury and 20 with multiple trauma, who required enteral tube feeding were evaluated. Phosphorus intakes were recorded for 14 days from the initiation of tube feeding which was started 1 to 3 days post-injury. Serum for determination of phosphorus concentrations was collected at days 1, 3, 7, and 14 of the study period. A 24-hour urine collection was obtained during the first and second weeks of nutrition support for urinary phosphorus excretion, fractional excretion of phosphorus, …

Nutrition In The Critically Ill Patient, Jane M. Gervasio

Jane M. Gervasio

Critical illness presents with the classic response to stress, including hypermetabolism and increased catabolism, resulting in a negative energy and nitrogen balance. These harmful events initiate the immunological response, starting with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which, if not resolved, may lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Furthermore, patients who do not develop early MODS manifest a compensation anti-inflammatory response syndrome, which suppresses immunity and predisposes the patient to sepsis, thereby ­increasing the risk of late MODS and ultimately death. The use of specialized nutrition support, including enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN), has been initiated in an …

Anabolic Agents: Adjuncts To Nutrition Support, Jane Gervasio

Jane M. Gervasio

Anabolic agents as adjuncts to nutrition support therapy have been used to improve malnutrition and establish anabolism. Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor, and anabolic steroids have been studied for their potential to reverse the catabolic process and promote anabolism. This paper reviews several anabolic agents and their possible role in nutrition support therapy.

Nutrition Support Therapy In Acute Kidney Injury: Distinguishing Dogma From Good Practice, Jane M. Gervasio, Ann B. Cotton

Jane M. Gervasio

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequently observed complication in critically ill patients. Its presentation may range from the early risk of renal dysfunction to complete renal failure. Morbidity and mortality in the AKI patient increase with the decline of renal function. Appropriate nutrition therapy is essential in the medical management of the AKI patient. Assessment of nutritional requirements should take into account the patient’s underlying complication, comorbid medical conditions, and severity of the renal dysfunction. Various stages of AKI determine the direction of nutrition therapy. Additionally, understanding the macro- and micronutrient modifications and electrolyte and vitamin alterations that should …

Nutrition Support In Acute Kidney Injury, Jane M. Gervasio, Wesley P. Garmon, Michael Holowatyj

Jane M. Gervasio

Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication affecting many hospitalized patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Acute kidney injury often occurs in conjunction with critical illness, which is a hypermetabolic state presenting with hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and increased protein catabolism. In addition to addressing these changes, the clinician should evaluate the important nutrition implications of decreased kidney function. These include vitamins, electrolytes, minerals, trace elements, and the presence and type of renal replacement therapy. Optimal nutrition management in acute kidney injury includes providing adequate macronutrient support to correct underlying conditions and prevent ongoing loss, supplementing micronutrients …

Compounding Vs Standardized Commercial Parenteral Nutrition Product: Pros And Cons, Jane M. Gervasio

Jane M. Gervasio

Standardized commercial parenteral nutrition (PN) formulations have advantages and disadvantages as compared with PN formulations compounded using an automated compounding device. These advantages and disadvantages are discussed along with the supporting available research.

A.S.P.E.N. Parenteral Nutrition Safety Consensus Recommendations, Phil Ayers, Stephen Adams, Joseph Boullata, Jane M. Gervasio, Beverly Holcombe, Michael D. Kraft, Neil Marshall, Antoinette Neal, Gordon Sacks, David S. Seres, Patricia Worthington

Jane M. Gervasio

Parenteral nutrition (PN) serves as an important therapeutic modality that is used in adults, children, and infants for a variety of indications. The appropriate use of this complex therapy aims to maximize clinical benefit while minimizing the potential risks for adverse events. Complications can occur as a result of the therapy and as the result of the PN process. These consensus recommendations are based on practices that are generally accepted to minimize errors with PN therapy, categorized in the areas of PN prescribing, order review and verification, compounding, and administration. These recommendations should be used in conjunction with other A.S.P.E.N. …

Health Claims And Food Advertising: Comparison Of Marketing And Nutrition Experts' Ratings Of Magazine Advertisements, Sandra C. Jones, Peter Williams, Linda C. Tapsell, Kelly L. Andrews

Peter Williams

To determine the nature and differences in expert opinion from the fields of nutrition and marketing on the use of health claims in the 30 most frequently appearing Australian magazine food advertisements, a survey was conducted with 28 nutritionists and 21 marketing experts in Australia and New Zealand. The experts assessed the advertisements with respect to the accuracy of the nutrition claims, the tactics and intentions of the advertising strategy and the accessibility of the nutrition information to lay consumers. Of 28 advertisements where a claim was identified, for only one did more than 90% believe the claim to be …

Nutrition Status Of Primary Care Patients With Depression And Anxiety, Adrienne K. Forsyth, Peter G. Williams, Frank P. Deane

Peter Williams

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrition status of people referred to a nutrition and physical activity program for the management of mental health in a general practice.

The Myths Of "Bad" Foods, Brendan J. Rickert

Brendan J. Rickert

No abstract provided.