Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Ethnic And Gender Differences In Psychosocial Factors In Native Hawaiian, Other Pacific Islanders, And Asian American Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, Jillian Inouye, Dongmei Li, James Davis, Richard Arakaki

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

This study examined the differences between 207 Asians and Native Hawaiian, other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI) with type 2 diabetes among various psychosocial measures. Responses to five multivariable regression models including the Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire (DQOL) and Short Form -36® Health Survey (SF-36) were analyzed. Differences were determined by linear contrasts in the multivariate linear regression models after adjusted for multiple demographic and socioeconomic variables. Compared to Asians, NHOPIs perceived a lower impact of diabetes on their quality of life; highlighting differences in perceptions of self-efficacy and self-care activities. Females did better on their diet while males perceived better …

Correlates Of Poor Health Among Orphans And Abandoned Children In Less Wealthy Countries: The Importance Of Caregiver Health, Nathan Thielman, Jan Ostermann, Kathryn Whetten, Rachel Whetten, Karen O’Donnell, Positive Outcomes For Orphans (Pofo) Research Team

Faculty Publications

Background: More than 153 million children worldwide have been orphaned by the loss of one or both parents, and millions more have been abandoned. We investigated relationships between the health of orphaned and abandoned children (OAC) and child, caregiver, and household characteristics among randomly selected OAC in five countries.

Methodology: Using a two-stage random sampling strategy in 6 study areas in Cambodia, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, and Tanzania, the Positive Outcomes for Orphans (POFO) study identified 1,480 community-living OAC ages 6 to 12. Detailed interviews were conducted with 1,305 primary caregivers at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. Multivariable logistic …

Adjusting For Confounding By Neighborhood Using A Proportional Odds Model And Complex Survey Data, Babette A. Brumback, Amy B. Dailey, Hao W. Zheng

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

In social epidemiology, an individual's neighborhood is considered to be an important determinant of health behaviors, mediators, and outcomes. Consequently, when investigating health disparities, researchers may wish to adjust for confounding by unmeasured neighborhood factors, such as local availability of health facilities or cultural predispositions. With a simple random sample and a binary outcome, a conditional logistic regression analysis that treats individuals within a neighborhood as a matched set is a natural method to use. The authors present a generalization of this method for ordinal outcomes and complex sampling designs. The method is based on a proportional odds model and …

A Phase Ii Clinical Trial Of A Dental Health Education Program Delivered By Aboriginal Health Workers To Prevent Early Childhood Caries, Fiona Blinkhorn, Ngiare Brown, Ruth Freeman, Gerry Humphris, Andrew Martin, Anthony Blinkhorn

Graduate School of Medicine - Papers (Archive)

Background: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a widespread problem in Australian Aboriginal communities causing severe pain and sepsis. In addition dental services are difficult to access for many Aboriginal children and trying to obtain care can be stressful for the parents. The control of dental caries has been identified as a key indictor in the reduction of Indigenous disadvantage. Thus, there is a need for new approaches to prevent ECC, which reflect the cultural norms of Aboriginal communities. Methods/Design. This is a Phase II single arm trial designed to gather information on the effectiveness of a dental health education program …

Taiwanese Preferences And Cultural Factors Influencing Visuals In Taiwanese Health Pamphlets, Lucas Keola Baclayon

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

This study aims to discover what preferences Taiwanese people have for visuals in health documents, with the research question being, "What are Taiwanese preferences for visuals and visual elements in health documents?" Research is conducted through a mixed-methods approach with a comparative analysis of a collection of American and Taiwanese health pamphlets, surveys conducted with Taiwanese people inquiring about preferences concerning visuals in health documents, and interviews conducted with doctors educated and practicing in Taiwan. In this way, the study moves from what visuals are currently being used, to what kinds of visuals Taiwanese people prefer, to how health professionals …

Reassessing The Architecture Of The Health Beliefs Models In Low-Income Diverse Families, Krista B. Highland

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Health beliefs contribute to health outcomes. These health beliefs extend to include health beliefs parents have regarding their children’s health. However, the role of parental health beliefs remains unexplored among a low-income population. This study aims to assess these beliefs and the effects they have on child health. Furthermore, this study aims to delineate potential belief differences between socioecological-level groups (e.g. population density, Latino identification, and insurance coverage). The long-term goal is to understand the relationships among various personal health beliefs and parental health beliefs, psychosocial factors, community factors, cultural factors, organizational factors, and healthcare perceptions among this at-risk population. …

Understanding Mesosystemic Influences On Reported Health Among Rural Low-Income Women: A Structural Equation Analysis, Tiffany Wigington

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

While ensuring access to health insurance and health care services is important, emerging research indicates that individual health and well-being result from a complex array of environmental, social, and psychological factors. The delineation of how factors of health and well-being unfold and impact rural low-income women is particularly salient for social workers who provide services to rural residents and who work within a rural context. Utilizing components from the ecological systems perspective, this study explored how the factors associated with health risk influenced reported health and mesosystemic processes among rural low-income women. This sample (n=304) for this study was drawn …

2011 Report Of The Director Of Public Health - Social Inequalities In Health In Montreal. Progess To Date, Dr. Margaret Chan, World Health Organization

Mickey Leland Center Information Portal

In 1998, the Direction de santé publique de Montréal’s first annual report noted a 10-year difference between the average life expectancy of men living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods and of those in wealthy areas. Over a decade has gone by since this first portrait of Montrealers’ state of health was published and it is now time to measure the progress we have made. Therefore, the Director’s 2011 report is focused on social inequalities in health.

Conceptions Regarding Children’S Health: An Examination Of Ethnotheories In A Sending And Receiving Community, Maria Rosario De Guzman, Jennifer Deleon, Gloria Gonzalez-Kruger, Rodrigo Cantarero

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

Ethnotheories are beliefs that adults hold about children and the factors that impact upon their development. Scholars suggest that “ethnotheories” serve as cultural models that underlie motivations for parenting practices and the way adults organize children’s early experiences. This study examines Mexican adults’ ethnotheories about children’s health in two communities that are linked by transnational migrants and serve as sending and receiving communities for workers. Forty-four Mexican adults in six focus groups discussed well-being issues affecting children in their communities. Qualitative analyses using grounded theory revealed a complex conception of children’s health issues that included physical, psychological, and behavioral components …

Towards A New Moral Paradigm In Health Care Delivery: Accounting For Individuals, Meir Katz

Meir Katz

For years, commentators have debated how to most appropriately allocate scarce medical resources over large populations. In this paper, I abstract the major rationing schema into three general approaches: rationing by price, quantity, and prioritization. Each has both normative appeal and considerable weakness. After exploring them, I present what some commentators have termed the “moral paradigm” as an alternative to broader philosophies designed to encapsulate the universe of options available to allocators (often termed the market, professional, and political paradigms). While not itself an abstraction of any specific viable rationing scheme, it provides a strong basis for the development of …

Food For Thought: The Importance Of Nutrition For Cognitive And Physical Well-Being, Keeley M. Caviness

Senior Honors Theses

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of nutrition upon the physical development and health of an individual. The main focus is on proving through the examination of various literature and the effects of specific nutrients that nutrition has a great impact on mental and physical well-being. The reasons which people give for not having proper nutrition are taken into consideration as well, and an overall conclusion can be made that nutrition is very important and should be taught to all consumers.

Soft Drinks, Weight Status And Health: A Review, Debra Hector, Anna Rangan, Tim Gill, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Victoria M. Flood

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The prevention of overweight and obesity, particularly among children, is a public health priority. A range of initiatives to address this problem have already been developed and implemented in NSW. However, a broader range of additional strategies are needed to effectively address this complex issue. The high consumption of soft drinks, i.e. sugarsweetened carbonated beverages, and other sugary drinks is one of an array of dietary behaviours which has been identified by a number of policy documents as an important, specific behaviour to address in the prevention and management of obesity.

Soft Drinks, Weight Status And Health: Health Professional Update, Anna Rangan, Debra Hector, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Victoria M. Flood, Tim Gill

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

High consumption of soft drinks and other sugary drinks are associated with a number of health problems, including overweight and obesity, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis and dental caries. In Australia, soft drinks are the most commonly consumed sugary beverage and have been singled out for specific attention as a target of obesity prevention programs. Soft drinks are well-known, readily available and marketed extensively, especially to adolescents. They have no nutritional value other than sugar and fluid, and are identified in the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating as an ‘extra’ food – one that should be consumed only occasionally and in …

Hope (Health Of Prisoner Evaluation): Pilot Study Of Prisoner Physical Health And Psychological Wellbeing, Sharan Kraemer, Natalie Gately, Jenny Kessell

Research outputs pre 2011

Prisons offer a unique opportunity to make positive interventions not only in relation to health issues but also to address the social determinants of ill health. Even with the limited knowledge we have had in regard to the health of WA's prisoners it is apparent that prisons concentrate patients with significantly greater levels of morbidity than most other environments. It is also apparent that this concentration of morbidity parallels deficits in housing, nutrition, employment, education and family structure and is multiplied dramatically by the blight of mental illness and drug and alcohol abuse. Western Australia is unequalled in the Western …

Promoting Healthy Weight In The Preschool Years: A Portfolio And Planning Guide To Address Barriers In Primary Care, Margaret Miller, Renee Campbell-Pope, Lydia Hearn

Research outputs pre 2011

The rapidly rising incidence of overweight and obesity in Australia, particularly among young children has led to an urgent need for effective prevention. Recent figures indicate that 15% of preschool children in Australia are overweight, and a further 6% are obese1,2, with rates rising steadily especially among children from lower socioeconomic groups.

Family, childcare, primary health care, early childhood education and the community are influential environments for young children3-7 with the potential to engage in an integrated approach to promote healthy weight and development of healthy eating and active lifestyle habits during the pre-school years5,8,9.

In 2006, the Child Health …

Reducing Disparities Beginning In Early Childhood: Short Takes No. 4, Kay Johnson, Suzanne Theberge, Copyright © 2007 By The National Center For Children In Poverty; Columbia University Mailman School Of Public Health Ny

Mickey Leland Center Information Portal

Research shows that many disparities in health and well-being are rooted in early childhood. These disparities reflect gaps in access to services, unequal treatment, adverse congenital health conditions, and exposures in the early years linked to elevated community and family risks.1 Early health risks and conditions can have long-range implications for physical, emotional, and intellectual development as well as health. Their contribution to disparities in health status, disabilities, and educational achievement is well documented.2 But many risks can be addressed in the early years, starting with quality prenatal care and interventions in the earliest stages of life. Thus, literally, reducing …

Recommendations For Short Questions To Assess Food Consumption In Children For The Nsw Health Surveys, Victoria M. Flood, Karen Webb, Anna Rangan

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Monitoring key food habits of children is important for planning and improving health services in New South Wales. The NSW Health Department conducts the NSW Health survey program using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews (CATI). This survey includes questions for monitoring food habits of children aged 0-16 years. In this report, we recommend survey questions to be used in the NSW Health survey for this purpose, which meet a range of criteria for good survey questions about nutrition and food habits.

Healing During Physician-Patient Consultation, Waris Qidwai, Ss Ali, S Ayub, S Ayub

Department of Family Medicine

OBJECTIVE: To determine the patient perceptions regarding healing during a physician-patient consultation.
DESIGN: A questionnaire-based survey.
PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Family Practice Center of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, in June 2004.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was designed that included the demographic profile of patients comprising age, gender, education and occupation as well as questions in line with the study objective. It was administered to 111 patients, visiting outpatient department of the hospital. Participants were explained the study objective, a written consent was taken and full confidentiality was assured.
RESULTS: The mean age of …

Top 10 Health Issues Faced By Maine People, Dora Anne Mills

Maine Policy Review

In this article Maine’s Bureau of Health Director, Dr. Dora Anne Mills, outlines the top 10 health issues facing Mainers today. As Mills points out, many chronic health issues would be greatly alleviated if people ate less and better, exercised more, and didn’t smoke. Despite the role of self determination in affecting these behaviors, Mills argues that all can be influenced through more proactive policies at the local, state, and national levels, and changes to our surrounding environments. Only when neighborhoods, schools, workplaces, and communities are structured in ways that promote healthy lifestyles will there be real changes in the …

Promoting Total Wellness In The Health Education Curriculum: A Holistic Approach, Alicia Marie Mciver

All Graduate Projects

The benefits of exploring, understanding, and balancing the social, mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual dimensions in one's life were researched. The research suggests that providing students in health education classrooms with meaningful avenues to learn about these dimensions within themselves would lead to higher levels of wellness and an overall higher quality of life. A handbook for educators was created to supplement parts of the existing curriculum, as well as show readers that this type of supplemental health handbook can be created by anyone to be used with any type of health curriculum. This handbook contains three health units. Each …

Effects Of An Educational Program On Breast Health Promotion In Elderly Women, Patricia A. Bader

MSN Research Projects

Breast cancer risk increases with age, and disease mortality has a direct correlation to the stage of detection. Mammography remains the gold standard for early detection of the disease, yet females aged 65 and over have demonstrated a lack of compliance with recommended screening frequency. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an educational program on the variables of perceived susceptibility to breast cancer, benefits of and barriers to mammography, and intention to obtain mammography. The variables are constructs of the Health Belief Model which served as the theoretical framework for the study. The variables were …

Children's Health Perceptions, Amy Forrest

MSN Research Projects

Little empirical knowledge exists regarding children's perceptions of health. The purpose of this quantitative descriptive study was to determine the health perceptions of children with a convenience sample of fourth-grade students at a small elementary school in Northeast Mississippi. The theoretical framework utilized was Bandura's Social Learning Theory. The directional hypothesis in the proposed study was school-age children have a positive perception of health. The Children's Health Rating Scale was utilized as a measurement tool that ranked 17 health-related questions on a scale of 1 to 5 (1 = most negative, 5 = most positive). A high cumulative score indicated …

Mycoplasmas In Plaque And Saliva Of Children And Their Relationship To Gingivitis, Holt R. D., Wilson M., Musa S.

Sabri Musa

GINGIVITIS IS COMMON IN CHILDREN but its etiology is not well understood. Results of earlier studies have suggested that mycoplasmas may have a role in the disease. In this study two plaque samples and one stimulated saliva sample were taken from each of a group of sixty (60) 5 to 9 year-old children and cultured selectively for mycoplasmas. Subjects had been selected on the basis of gingival status buccal to the most posterior tooth in an upper quadrant, 20 each having scores 0, 1, or 2 at this site using the Loe and Silness index. Plaque samples were taken from …

Senior Wellness Prescription, Theresa Schnabel James

Theses

The St. Joseph Health Center and St. Joseph Hospital West mission statement commissions the Hospital to be an advocate for, and agent of change in the community health-care system, and to provide a holistic health-care philosophy to the community. The Hospital's goal is to promote the health and well-being of the community by delivering effective institutional services.

Service to the community is at the philosophical core of St. Joseph Health Center and St. Joseph Hospital West. The Hospital will serve by becoming a leading provider of health-care. It will meet the needs of the patients and the community by providing …

Bibliography: Women, Aids, & Activism, Polly Thistlethwaite

Publications and Research

This annotated bibliography of the ACT UP/NY Women & AIDS Book Group's Women, AIDS & Activism reflects the scientific, feminist, gay, lesbian, HIV-community work that informed the book's production and ACT UP/NY's activism up to 1990. Book Group members: Marion Banzhaf, Cynthia Chris, Kim Christensen, Alexis Danzig, Risa Denenberg, Zoe Leonard, Deb Levine, Samuel Lurie, Monica Pearl, Catherine Gund, Polly Thistlethwaite, Judith Walker, and Brigitte Weil. Additional members of the original Women and AIDS Handbook Group included Jamie Bauer, Heidi Dorow, Maria Maggenti, Ellen Neipris, Ann Northrop, Sydney Pokorney, Karen Ramspacher, Maxine Wolfe, and Brian Zabcik.

The Social Impact Of Oral And Facial Pain In An Industrial Population, Rosnah Binti Zain

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

The aim of this study is to determine the social impact of oral and facial pain in a sample involving an industrial population. Out of a total of 355 subjects interviewed, nearly one-half claimed to have oral and facial pain in the previous one month prior to the survey. The most common type of pain was that related to hot or cold fluids or sweet things followed by toothache. On the average, the pain lasted for 4.2 days (SD = 4.9) per person in the past one-month. About one in five persons with pain reported that it was severe enough …

Health Problems Of Selected Lds Missionaries Throughout The World, Susan Jensen

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study on Mormon missionaries was to determine the effect of health on missionary activity time, age, sex, months in field, laboring city population, monthly mission cost, living conditions, diet, pre-existing conditions, adequacy of medical care, nativity, effectiveness, emotional health, interpersonal relationships, and motivation and enthusiasm. In addition the research attempted to ascertain the effect of the selected independent factors on ill missionary lost time.

As an outcome of the statistical analysis performed on this study's sample the following results were obtained. Respiratory disorders, gastrointestinal difficulties and orthopedic injuries were the most common health problems. Well missionaries …

A Study Of Personal And Mental Health, Alma Foslien

Graduate Student Research Papers

It was the purpose of this study to formulate important general principles in relation to the conduct of life; to unify the physical, mental, and social factors producing health; and to develop further the understandings, attitudes, and action patterns relative to achieving health tor effective living.

The Health Services Of Six Public Junior Colleges : Modesto, Stockton, Sacramento, Taft, Bakersfield, And Fresno, Wilma Agatha Smith

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

School health programs, composed of activities and services, are organized to meet the health needs of the students in the college environment. The type and extent of the program varies with each educational institution according to its own specific resources. The factors determining the scope include (1) the size, location, and financial resources of the college; (2) the type and composition of' the student body; (a) tile number of students including dormitory and apartment type on-campus living; (4) the professional health personnel; and (5) the community health resources.